Current Status of Drug Treatment for Chronic Heart Failure Patients With Reduced Ejection Fraction in Yunnan: a Single-center Survey
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摘要:
目的 探讨云南慢性射血分数降低的心力衰竭(HFrEF)患者药物治疗现状及影响药物规范化治疗的因素。 方法 采用单中心、前瞻性、观察性方法进行研究。入选2019年7月至2020年9月在昆明医科大学第一附属医院心内科住院的HFrEF患者110例,采集患者住院时、出院后3月和6月的ACEI/ARB/ARNI、β受体阻滞剂和MRA的使用率及剂量达标情况;并根据出院时药物剂量分为100%目标剂量组、50%~99%目标剂量组和 < 50%目标剂量组,对比分析影响药物规范化治疗的因素。 结果 入选的110例HFrEF患者年龄为(57.9±14.1)岁,其中男性65例(58.6%)。出院时ACEI/ARB/ARNI、β受体阻滞剂及MRA的使用率较高(分别为73.6%、82.1%、89.6%),但出院后3个月(分别为69.8%、79.2%、84.4%)和出院后6个月(分别为69.0%、78.6%、78.6%)的使用率持续降低。ACEI/ARB/ARNI和β受体阻滞剂使用100%目标剂量在出院时、出院后3个月、出院后6个月均较低,分别为12.8%和1.1%、14.9%和0%、15.5%和1.5%,其中β受体阻滞剂剂量达标率最低。100%目标剂量组、50%~99%目标剂量组和 < 50%目标剂量组3组间比较,ACEI/ARB/ARNI 50%~99%目标剂量组患者的体质指数(25.5±3.4 vs 23.2±4.1,P = 0.038)和收缩压(131.1±21.6 vs 109.7±14.9,P < 0.001)均高于 < 50%目标剂量组,3组间NYHA心功能分级、BNP和血肌酐比较未见显著差异(P > 0.05)。β受体阻滞剂50%~99%目标剂量组患者的年龄明显低于 < 50%目标剂量组(46.9±10.0 vs 64.4±13.2,P = 0.005),3组间NYHA心功能分级、心率、收缩压比较未见明显差异(P > 0.05)。在住院期间,医生未处方、药物不耐受和存在禁忌证是抗心衰药物未使用或剂量未达标的主要原因;而出院后除有禁忌证外,患者自行停药和医生未处方是药物未规范使用的主要原因。 结论 在云南部分地区HFrEF患者中,ACEI/ARB/ARNI和β受体阻滞剂的使用率和使用剂量均较低,随着出院时间延长,药物的使用率持续下降,使用剂量无明显增加。患者存在药物禁忌证或不耐受、出院后自行停药和医生未处方是药物未规范使用的重要原因。 -
关键词:
- 射血分数降低的心力衰竭 /
- 药物治疗 /
- 影响因素
Abstract:Objective To investigate the status quo of drug therapy and the factors affecting the standardized drug therapy in patients with heart failure with chronic ejection fraction reduction (HFrEF) in Yunnan province. Methods This is a single-center, prospective, and observational study. A total of 110 patients who were hospitalized in the Department of Cardiology in the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University during July 2019 to September 2020 were enrolled.The utilization rate and dose of ACEI/ARB/ARNI, β-blocker and MRA were collected during hospitalization, 3 and 6 months after discharge. According to the drug dose at discharge, patients were divided into 100% target dose group, 50% ~ 99% target dose group and < 50% target dose group, and the factors affecting the standardized drug treatment were analyzed. Results The average age of 110 HFrEF patients was (57.9±14.1) years old, among which 65 (58.6%) were males. The utilization rates of ACEI/ARB/ARNI, β-blocker and MRA at discharge (73.6% , 82.1% , 89.6% , respectively) were higher than that at 3 months (69.8% , 79.2% , 84.4% , respectively) and 6 months (69.0% , 78.6% , 78.6% , respectively) after discharge. Both of 100% target dose of ACEI/ARB/ARNI and β-blocker were lower at the time of discharge, 3 and 6 months after discharge, among which the 100% target dose rate of β-blocker was the lowest. ACEI/ARB/ARNI and β-blocker usage at 100% target dose was lower at discharge, 3 months after discharge, and 6 months after discharge, with rates of 12.8% and 1.1%, 14.9% and 0%, and 15.5% and 1.5% respectively. Among them, the rate of reaching the target dose was the lowest for β-blockers. When comparing the three groups of 100% target dose, 50-99% target dose, and < 50% target dose, patients in the ACEI/ARB/ARNI 50-99% target dose group had higher body mass index (25.5±3.4 vs. 23.2±4.1, P = 0.038) and systolic blood pressure (131.1±21.6 vs 109.7±14.9, P < 0.001) than those in the < 50% target dose group. There were no significant differences in NYHA functional classification, BNP, and serum creatinine among the three groups (P > 0.05). The age of patients in the β-blocker 50-99% target dose group was significantly lower than that in the < 50% target dose group (46.9±10.0 vs. 64.4±13.2, P = 0.005), and there were no significant differences in NYHA functional classification, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure among the three groups (P > 0.05). During hospitalization, the main reasons for the underuse or suboptimal dose of heart failure medications were lack of prescription by doctors, drug intolerance, and contraindications. After discharge, apart from contraindications, the main reasons for non-compliance with medication guidelines were patient self-discontinuation and lack of prescription by doctors. Conclusions In HFrEF patients in some areas of Yunnan Province, the utilization rate and dosage of ACEI/ARB/ARNI and β-blockers were low. With the extension of discharge time, the utilization rate of drugs continued to decline, and the dosage did not increase significantly. Drug contraindications or intolerances in patients, self-withdrawal after discharge and non-prescription by doctors are the important reasons for non-standardized drug use. -
表 1 HFrEF患者的人口学特征和临床资料(
$\bar x \pm s $ )Table 1. Demographic characteristics and clinical data of HFrEF patients (
$\bar x \pm s $ )项目 n 数值 项目 n 数值 年龄(岁) 110 57.9 ± 14.1 恶性肿瘤 2(1.8) 男性[n(%)] 110 65(58.6) 冠脉介入治疗 19(17.3) 体质指数(kg/m2) 110 23.7 ± 4.3 辅助器械治疗[n(%)] 住院天数[d,M(Q1,Q3)] 110 9.0(7.0,13.3) 埋藏式心脏复律除颤器 12(10.9) 体表面积[m2,M(Q1,Q3)] 110 1.6(1.5,1.8) 起搏器 2(1.8) 家庭月收入[n(%)] 110 心脏再同步化治疗 3(2.7) 2千 33(30.0) 2~5千 49(44.5) 白细胞[×109/L,M(Q1,Q3)] 110 6.4(5.1,8.7) 5千~1万 26(23.6) 血红蛋白(g/L,$ \bar x $ ± s) 110 144.1 ± 22.6 > 1万 2(1.8) RDW[%,M(Q1,Q3)] 110 14.0(13.9,15.3) 医保类型(n) 110 RDW[fl,M(Q1,Q3)] 110 48.0(45.0,51.1) 城镇居民医保[n(%)] 43(39.1) 谷丙转氨酶[IU/L,M(Q1,Q3)] 110 24.5(19.0,41.3) 城镇职工医保[n(%)] 37(39.1) 谷草转氨酶[IU/L,M(Q1,Q3)] 110 26.3(20.0,36.0) 新农合医保[n(%)] 19(17.3) 总胆红素[μmol/L,M(Q1,Q3)] 110 18.3(11.6,26.2) 建档立卡贫困户[n(%)] 2(1.8) 血肌酐[μmol/L,M(Q1,Q3)] 110 95.7(82.5,123.6) 全自费[n(%)] 9(8.2) 尿素氮[mmol/L,M(Q1,Q3)] 110 6.9(5.6,9.6) 饮酒史[n(%)] 110 27(24.5) 尿酸[μmol/L,M(Q1,Q3)] 110 510.6(389.6,651.5) 吸烟史[n(%)] 110 46(41.8) 空腹血糖[mmol/L,M(Q1,Q3)] 110 4.8(4.3,5.4) LVEF值[%,M(Q1,Q3)] 110 31.0(24.0,36.0) 总胆固醇(mmol/L) 110 3.9 ± 1.1 心率(次/min) 110 88.2 ± 16.5 低密度脂蛋白(mmol/L) 110 2.4 ± 0.9 QRS时限[ms,M(Q1,Q3)] 110 110.0(100.0,130.8) 血钠[mmol/L,M(Q1,Q3)] 110 143.0(140.9,145.3) 收缩压[mmHg,M(Q1,Q3)] 110 113.0(101.5,134.3) 血钾(mmol/L) 110 3.7 ± 0.5 舒张压[mmHg,M(Q1,Q3)] 110 73.0(66.8,86.0) 肌钙蛋白[ng/mL,M(Q1,Q3)] 110 0.05(0.05,0.085) 合并症[n(%)] D-二聚体[ng/mL,M(Q1,Q3)] 110 659.5(260.0,1722.5) 高血压 46(41.8) B型利钠肽[ng/mL,M(Q1,Q3)] 110 1941(1187.5,5000.0) 心房颤动 23(20.9) 室间隔[mm,M(Q1,Q3)] 110 10.0(8.0,11.0) 慢性肾脏疾病 26(23.6) 左房内径(mm) 110 44.6 ± 8.0 心肌梗死 18(16.4) 右房长径(mm,) 110 52.8 ± 11.0 糖尿病 17(15.5) LVEDD[mm,M(Q1,Q3)] 110 63.0(58.0,72.0) 高脂血症 17(15.5) 左室后壁[mm,M(Q1,Q3)] 110 9.5(8.0,11.0) 甲状腺功能异常 12(10.9) 右室长径[mm,M(Q1,Q3)] 110 77.0(70.0,84.0) 慢性阻塞性肺病 9(8.2) 肺动脉压[mmHg,M(Q1,Q3)] 110 41.0(30.0,51.0) 注:LVEF为左室射血分数, RDW为红细胞分布宽度,LVEDD为左室舒张末期内径。 表 2 HFrEF患者药物剂量达标情况
Table 2. Drug dose compliance of HFrEF patients
药物 100%目标剂量 未达到目标剂量 50%~99%目标剂量 < 50%目标剂量 ACEI/ARB/ARNI 出院时 12.8%(10/78) 42.3%(33/78) 44.9%(35/78) 出院后3个月 14.9%(10/67) 41.8%(28/67) 43.3%(29/67) 出院后6个月 15.5%(9/58) 39.7%(23/58) 44.8%(26/58) β受体阻滞剂 出院时 1.1%(1/87) 13.8%(12/87) 85.1%(74/87) 出院后3个月 0 15.8%(12/76) 84.2%(64/76) 出院后6个月 1.5%(1/66) 12.1%(8/66) 86.4%(57/66) MRA 出院时 97.9%(93/95) 2.1%(2/95) 0 出院后3个月 97.5%(79/81) 2.5%(2/81) 0 出院后6个月 95.5%(63/66) 4.5%(3/66) 0 注:ACEI:血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂;ARB:血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻滞剂;ARNI:血管紧张素受体脑啡肽酶抑制剂;MRA:醛固酮受体拮抗剂。 表 3 ACEI/ARB/ARNI不同剂量组间临床特点的比较(
$\bar x \pm s $ )Table 3. Comparison of clinical features between ACEI/ARB/ARNI dose groups (
$\bar x \pm s $ )项目 100%目标剂量
(n = 10)50%~99%目标剂量
(n = 33)< 50%目标剂量
(n = 35)F/H/χ2 P 年龄(岁) 52.6 ± 13.0 58.1 ± 14.1 57.8 ± 14.5 0.631 0.535 体质指数(kg/m2) 24.8 ± 3.7 25.5 ± 3.4 23.2 ± 4.1* 3.409 0.038* NYHA分级[n(%)] Ⅱ级 6(60.0) 14(42.4) 9(25.7) 5.415 0.234 Ⅲ级 4(40) 14(42.4) 18(51.4) Ⅳ级 0 5(15.2) 8(22.9) 心率(次/min) 90.6 ± 16.8 88.9 ± 14.2 84.7 ± 20.0 0.708 0.496 左室射血分数(%) 29.5 ± 9.5 30.4 ± 6.8 30.5 ± 7.4 0.072 0.931 收缩压(mmHg) 128.6 ± 20.2 131.1 ± 21.6 109.7 ± 14.9a 12.164 < 0.001* BNP[ng/mL,M(Q1,Q3)] 2403.9(712.0,4443.9) 1711.3(530.0,5000.0) 1870.0(1421.9,5000.0) 1.212 0.546 血肌酐[μmol/L,M(Q1,Q3)] 86.0(75.7,104.9) 86.7(77.3,105.1) 94.8(83.6,115.9) 2.125 0.346 注:NYHA为纽约心脏协会,BNP为B型利钠肽。 < 50%目标剂量组与50%~99%目标剂量比较,*P < 0.05。 表 4 β受体阻滞剂不同剂量组间临床特点的比较(
$\bar x \pm s $ )Table 4. Comparison of clinical characteristics of β-blockers in different dose groups (
$\bar x \pm s $ )项目 50%~99%目标剂量(n = 12) < 50%目标剂量(n = 74) t/Z/χ2 P 年龄(岁) 46.9 ± 10.0 64.4 ± 13.2 5.702 0.005* 体质指数(kg/m2) 26.3 ± 3.7 23.5 ± 3.9 3.955 0.023* NYHA分级[n(%)] Ⅱ级 4(33.3) 26(35.1) 1.333 0.856 Ⅲ级 6(50.0) 33(44.6) Ⅳ级 2(16.7) 15(20.3) 心率(次/min) 92.1 ± 16.9 88.1 ± 16.8 0.653 0.523 左室射血分数(%) 25.5(22.5,30.5) 32.0(25.0,37.0) 3.848 0.146 收缩压(mmHg) 122.5(112.5,137.0) 110.0(100.0,134.0) 3.480 0.176 BNP[ng/mL,M(Q1,Q3)] 1830.0(1645.0,4621.3) 2414.0(1134.3,5000.0) 0.859 0.651 血肌酐[µmol/L,M(Q1,Q3)] 107.8(89.1,127.0) 92.1(82.8,115.7) 4.053 0.132 注:NYHA为纽约心脏协会,BNP为B型利钠肽。*P < 0.05。 -
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