Network Meta-Analysis of Three Different Interventional Methods for the Treatment of Tracheobronchial Tuberculosis
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摘要:
目的 系统评价不同支气管镜下介入方法联合常规抗结核方案治疗气管支气管结核(TBTB)的疗效与安全性,为临床提供循证参考。 方法 计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、EMBase、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库(Wanfang)、维普数据库(VIP),收集不同支气管镜下介入方法(局部给药、冷冻治疗和雾化治疗)联合常规抗结核治疗的随机对照试验(RCT),提取数据资料并进行质量评价后,利用软件Stata 16.0进行网状Meta分析。 结果 共纳入38项RCT,共计3114名患者,涉及常规+局药、常规+冷冻、常规+局药+雾化等3种干预措施。与常规治疗比较,常规+冷冻、常规+局药、常规+局药+雾化均可显著缓解临床症状,提高有效率(P < 0.05),网状Meta排序结果为:常规+局药+雾化 > 常规+局药 > 常规+冷冻 > 常规;纤维支气管镜下,与常规治疗比较,常规+冷冻、常规+局药、常规+局药+雾化均可显著提高治疗有效率(P < 0.05),网状Meta排序结果为:常规+局药 > 常规+局药+雾化 > 常规+冷冻>常规;与常规治疗比较,常规+局药、常规+局药+雾化均可显著提高患者治疗后8周末痰菌转阴率(P < 0.05);与常规+冷冻相比,常规+局药可显著提高患者治疗后8周末痰菌转阴率(P < 0.05)。网状Meta排序结果为:常规+局药 > 常规+局药+雾化 > 常规+冷冻>常规;与常规治疗比较,常规+局药可显著提高患者治疗后24周末痰菌转阴率(P < 0.05),网状Meta排序结果为常规+局药 > 常规+局药+雾化 > 常规+冷冻>常规;在不良反应发生率方面,各组组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。 结论 常规+局药+雾化方案提高疗效最为显著,而常规+局药方案在纤维支气管镜下治疗有效率方面效果最佳;TBTB患者早期应用常规+局药+雾化方案可加速痰菌转阴,但在长期治疗中应用常规+局药方案痰菌转阴效果更佳;在常规抗结核基础上联用支气管镜下介入治疗不会增加不良反应,安全性良好。但研究有待纳入更多高质量、双盲RCT进一步验证。 Abstract:Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of different bronchoscopic intervention methods combined with the conventional anti-tuberculosis regimen in the treatment of tracheobronchial tuberculosis (TBTB), and to provide the evidence-based reference for clinical practice. Methods Computer search PubMed, Web of Science, EMBase, CNKI, Wanfang Database, VIP database, randomized controlled trials (RCTS) of different bronchoscopic interventions (local administration, cryotherapy, and atomization) combined with conventional anti-tuberculosis therapy were collected. After the data extraction and quality evaluation, network meta-analysis was performed using Stata 16.0 software. Results A total of 38 RCTS were included, involving a total of 3114 patients and three interventions (conventional + local administration, conventional+ cryotherapy, conventional + local administration + atomization). Compared with the conventional treatment, conventional+ cryotherapy, conventional + local administration, conventional + local administration + atomization could significantly improve the total clinical response rate (P < 0.05). The results of mesh Meta ranking were conventional + local administration + atomization > conventional + local administration > conventional + cryotherapy > conventional. Compared with the conventional treatment, conventional + cryotherapy, conventional + local administration, conventional + local administration + atomization could significantly improve the effective rate of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (P < 0.05). The results of mesh Meta ranking were conventional + local administration > conventional + local administration + atomization > conventional + cryotherapy > conventional. Compared with the conventional treatment, conventional + local administration, conventional + local administration + atomization could significantly improve the sputum negative conversion rate at the end of 8 weeks after the treatment (P < 0.05). Compared with conventional + cryotherapy, conventional + local administration could significantly improve the sputum negative conversion rate at the end of 8 weeks after treatment (P < 0.05). The results of mesh Meta ranking were conventional + local administration > conventional + local administration + atomization > conventional + cryotherapy > conventional. Compared with the conventional treatment, conventional + local administration could significantly improve the sputum negative conversion rate at the end of 24 weeks after treatment (P < 0.05). The results of mesh Meta ranking were conventional + local administration > conventional + local administration + atomization > conventional + cryotherapy > conventional. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions among all groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion The conventional + local administration + atomization scheme has the most significant improvement effect, while the conventional + local administration scheme has the best effect in improving the effective rate under bronchoscopy. In TBTB patients, the conventional + local administration + atomization regimen can accelerate the sputum to negative in the early stage, but the conventional + local administration regimen can accelerate the conversion of sputum to negative in the long-term treatment. Bronchoscopic intervention on the basis of conventional anti-tuberculosis therapy does not increase adverse reactions and has the good safety. However, this study needs to be further verified by including more high-quality, double-blind RCTS. -
表 1 纳入研究基本信息[(
$\bar x \pm s $ )/n(%)]Table 1. Includes basic research information [(
$\bar x \pm s $ )/n(%)]文献来源 例数 年龄/岁 干预措施 结局指标 试验组/对照组 试验组/对照组 试验组/对照组 田江华2014[4] 31/31 35.6 ± 13.1/36.0 ± 13.0 常规+局药/常规2HRZE/10HR ①④ 高鸿2021[5] 45/45 46.63 ± 3.82/46.52 ± 3.74 常规+局药/常规2HRZE/10HRE ①③ 张新宝2015[6] 36/36 17~71 常规+局药/常规3HRZE/9HRE ①③④⑤ 张德利2019[7] 34/34 - 常规+局药/常规3HRZE/9HR ①④ 崔金霞2021[8] 40/40 36.75 ± 5.28/37.43 ± 5.56 常规+局药/常规2HRZE/10HR ①⑤ 符少平2009[9] 85/35 29 ± 1.12/31 ± 1.26 常规+局药/常规2HRZE/4HR ②④ 肖斌2020[10] 39/39 43.15 ± 1.35/43.62 ± 1.32 常规+局药/常规HRZE ①⑤ 潘丽2013[11] 34/33 37.85 ± 7.12/38.63 ± 7.34 常规+局药/常规2HRZE(S)/10HR ③⑤ 郑飞2013[12] 23/23 50 ± 11/49 ± 11 常规+局药/常规2HRZE(S)/6HRE ①② 刘宗道2002[13] 26/26 36.8 ± 11.2/37.1 ± 10.9 常规+局药/常规2HRZE/4HR ④⑤ 韩彩丽2013[14] 62/58 33.5 ± 6.7/32.8 ± 6.2 常规+局药/常规3HRZE(S)/9HRE ①② 叶涛生2018[15] 32/32 52.38 ± 13.71/52.35 ± 13.68 常规+局药/常规HRZELfx ①③④ 孙明华2017[16] 48/47 47.6 ± 3.8/48.2 ± 3.4 常规+局药/常规2HRZE/10HRE ①③ 陈廷宪2021[17] 41/41 28.75 ± 3.62/28.65 ± 3.59 常规+局药/常规2HRZE/10HRE ①③④ 胡翠兰2015[18] 38/37 37.4 ± 8.2/38.2 ± 8.7 常规+局药/常规2HRZS/4HR ①② 陈艳2009[19] 52/41 20~76 常规+局药/常规2HRZE(S)/10HR ④⑤ 王枝梅2012[20] 36/36 18~61 常规+局药/常规 ①③ 张胜堂2020[21] 48/46 35.81 ± 12.46/36.37 ± 13.15 常规+局药/常规2HRZS/10HRE ⑤ 朱红涛2020[22] 41/41 46.48 ± 12.34/47.03 ± 11.57 常规+局药/常规2HRZS/4HR ③ 杨新建2021[23] 30/30 43.30 ± 3.41/42.40 ± 2.11 常规+局药/常规2HRZE/4HR ①③⑤ 张含琼2016[24] 44/41 38.2 ± 10.1/42.9 ± 13.2 常规+局药/常规2HRZE/10HRE ③⑤ 张廷梅2008[25] 35/18 16~61/6~51 常规+局药/常规HRZE(S) ①④⑤ 刘斌远2012[26] 47/46 18~65/17~67 常规+局药/常规3HRZE/9HRE ①②④ 李史来2013[27] 34/34 18~61 常规+局药/常规2HRZE(S)/10HRE ①②④ 庄辉2019[28] 35/35 44.31 ± 8.69/43.63 ± 9.81 常规+局药/常规2HRZE/10HRE ⑤ 付娟2017[29] 73/73 - 常规+局药/常规4HRZE/8HR ①⑤ 程耀强2021[30] 30/30 48.96 ± 8.02/49.25 ± 9.42 常规+局药/常规HRZE ①③④ 如克亚木2020[31] 48/48 40.06 ± 3.66/39.65 ± 3.26 常规+冷冻/常规2HRZE/10HRE ①③ 刘荣奎2016[32] 51/50 46.58 ± 4.52/45.62 ± 4.48 常规+冷冻/常规2HRZE/10HR ①③ 蒋凛2019[33] 35/35 43.12 ± 4.03/42.36 ± 4.21 常规+冷冻/常规3HR ①③ 王志刚2019[34] 33/31 43.12 ± 16.82/44.03 ± 15.52 常规+冷冻/常规3HRZE/9HRE ①②③④⑤ 王莉2013[35] 39/31 30.52 ± 12.75 常规+冷冻/常规HRZE ②④ 姜心成2018[36] 30/30 47.5 ± 10.5/48.5 ± 11.5 常规+冷冻/常规HRE ①③⑤ 刘明2018[37] 34/34 31.29 ± 12.93/32.49 ± 12.87 常规+冷冻/常规 ② 于丹2016[38] 46/46 48.1 ± 4.3/47.5 ± 5.3 常规+冷冻/常规2HRZE/4HR ①③⑤ 黄自强2021[39] 30/30 45.20 ± 13.14/45.25 ± 12.56 常规+冷冻/常规2HRZE/10HRE ①③ 陆兰英2010[40] 116/112 18~71/16~70 常规+局药+雾化/常规2HRZE(S)/6HRE ①②③④ 谭红玉2014[41] 30/28 20~60/16~58 常规+局药+雾化/常规 ①④⑤ 注:H:异烟肼;R:利福平;Z:吡嗪酰胺;E:乙胺丁醇;S:链霉素;Lfx:左氧氟沙星,全文其他地方同。①:临床症状治疗有效率;②:纤维支气管镜下有效率;③:治疗后不良反应发生率;④:治疗后8周末痰菌转阴率;⑤:治疗后24周末痰菌转阴率。 表 2 2组患者临床症状有效率的网状Meta分析结果
Table 2. Results of reticular meta analysis of effective treatment of clinical symptoms in two groups of patients
组别 OR(95%CI) OR(95%CI) OR(95%CI) 常规+冷冻 1.05 (0.52,2.13) 0.17 (0.09,0.32) 2.43 (0.76,7.74) 0.95 (0.47,1.93) 常规+局药 0.16 (0.12,0.22) 2.31(0.83,6.41) 5.90 (3.13,11.10) 6.20 (4.53,8.49) 常规 14.32 (5.42,37.85) 0.41 (0.13,1.31) 0.43 (0.16,1.20) 0.07 (0.03,0.18) 常规+局药+雾化 表 3 2组患者纤维支气管镜下治疗有效率的网状Meta分析结果
Table 3. Results of reticular meta analysis of the efficacy of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in two groups of patients
组别 OR(95%CI) OR(95%CI) OR(95%CI) 常规+冷冻 1.32 (0.45,3.82) 0.13 (0.05,0.34) 1.31 (0.40,4.31) 0.76 (0.26,2.20) 常规+局药 0.10 (0.06,0.17) 0.99 (0.40,2.46) 7.55 (2.98,19.15) 9.94 (5.94,16.65) 常规 9.87 (4.68,20.83) 0.76 (0.23,2.52) 1.01 (0.41,2.50) 0.10 (0.05,0.21) 常规+局药+雾化 表 4 2组患者治疗后8周末痰菌转阴率的网状Meta分析结果
Table 4. Results of reticular meta analysis of negative probability of sputum culture in two groups at the end of 8 weeks of treatment
组别 OR(95%CI) OR(95%CI) OR(95%CI) 常规+冷冻 3.10 (1.34,7.14) 0.52 (0.25,1.11) 1.41 (0.50,3.98) 0.32 (0.14,0.74) 常规+局药 0.17 (0.12,0.24) 0.45 (0.20,1.02) 1.91 (0.90,4.04) 5.92 (4.09,8.59) 常规 2.70 (1.31,5.54) 0.71 (0.25,2.00) 2.20 (0.98,4.94) 0.37 (0.18,0.76) 常规+局药+雾化 表 5 2组患者治疗后24周末痰菌转阴率的网状Meta分析结果
Table 5. Results of reticular meta analysis of negative probability of sputum culture in two groups at the end of 24 weeks of treatment
组别 OR(95%CI) OR(95%CI) OR(95%CI) 常规+冷冻 1.69 (0.75,3.81) 0.59 (0.30,1.19) 1.49 (0.20,10.87) 0.59 (0.26,1.33) 常规+局药 0.35 (0.23,0.53) 0.88 (0.13,5.93) 1.68 (0.84,3.38) 2.85 (1.88,4.32) 常规 2.50 (0.39,16.13) 0.67 (0.09,4.92) 1.14 (0.17,7.70) 0.40 (0.06,2.58) 常规+局药+雾化 表 6 2组患者治疗后不良反应发生率的网状Meta分析结果
Table 6. Results of reticular meta analysis of the incidence of adverse reactions in two groups of patients after treatment
组别 OR(95%CI) OR(95%CI) OR(95%CI) 常规+冷冻 0.89 (0.35,2.27) 1.24 (0.59,2.61) 1.19 (0.21,6.86) 1.12 (0.44,2.83) 常规+局药 1.38 (0.79,2.42) 1.33 (0.25,7.14) 0.81 (0.38,1.71) 0.72 (0.41,1.26) 常规 0.96 (0.20,4.68) 0.84 (0.15,4.84) 0.75 (0.14,4.02) 1.04 (0.21,5.06) 常规+局药+雾化 -
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