Enhanceing Effect of EZH2 Inhibitors in Combination with GC Chemotherapeutic Agents in Bladder Cancer
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摘要:
目的 探究多梳蛋白zeste基因増强子类同源物2（histone methyltransferase enhancer of Zeke 2，EZH2）抑制剂对膀胱癌治疗中吉西他滨联合顺铂（gemcitabine and cisplatin，GC）化疗方案中的增敏作用。 方法 首先构建 EZH2 siRNA敲低系，然后使用qPCR与WB检测验证siRNA在膀胱癌UCC细胞中的表达水平。根据不同的处理分为对照组（膀胱癌T24细胞正常培养）、GC化疗组（T24细胞+GC化疗药物）、si EZH2转染组（T24细胞+si EZH2转染+GC化疗药物）、GSK126抑制剂组（T24细胞+GSK126 5 μM+GC化疗药物）、UNC1999抑制剂组（T24细胞+UNC1999 5 μM+GC化疗药物）、EI1抑制剂组（T24细胞+ EI1 5 μM+GC化疗药物）、DZNep1抑制剂（T24细胞+DZNep1 5 μM+GC化疗药物）与EPZ005687抑制剂（T24细胞+EPZ005687 5 μM+GC化疗药物），采用CCK-8、平板克隆形成与Annexin/PI等实验分别检测8组细胞增殖率、凋亡率及其对细胞周期影响。随后将30只BALB/C雌裸鼠随机分为对照组（膀胱癌T24细胞正常培养）、T24细胞+ EZH2抑制剂的溶媒缓冲液组、T24细胞+GC化疗组、T24细胞+UNC1999 EZH2抑制剂组与T24细胞+ UNC1999 EZH2抑制剂+GC化疗组，每组6只。裸鼠成瘤实验检测转染后各组UCC细胞移植瘤的生长情况，免疫组化染色法观察移植瘤组织中Ki67和EZH2的表达，血常规检测白细胞、红细胞及血小板数量裸鼠骨髓抑制情况。 结果 在已转染了siRNA质粒的T24细胞中，siEZH2-1与siEZH2-2在siRNA与蛋白表达水平上与对照组的差异有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。在细胞实验中，与对照组相比，上述7组实验组通过CCK-8、平板克隆与Annexin V/PI双染、Pi单染实验发现EZH2抑制剂可以抑制T24细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力，早期凋亡细胞比例上调（P < 0.01）。其中在平板克隆实验中，实验组T24细胞+EPZ005687 5 μM+GC化疗药物组细胞克隆数与对照组相比，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。小鼠体内实验表明，与对照组相比，经GC化疗药物或EZH2抑制剂的裸鼠瘤体重量减少（P < 0.05），并且在血常规检测中血细胞含量也有所增高。 结论 EZH2抑制剂能够提高膀胱癌GC化疗方案的敏感性，从而降低膀胱癌细胞的增殖、迁移与裸鼠体内移植瘤的生长。同时，联合用药也能够显著减少其骨髓抑制情况。提示协同治疗在膀胱癌化疗增敏中具有一定的作用。 -
关键词:
- 膀胱癌 /
- 多梳蛋白zeste基因増强子类同源物2 /
- GC化疗
Abstract:Objective To explore the synergizing effect of histone methyltransferase enhancer of Zeke 2 （EZH2） inhibitors on Gemcitabine and Cisplatin （GC） chemotherapy regimen in bladder cancer treatment. Methods Firstly, EZH2 siRNA knockdown lines were constructed, and then the expression level of siRNA in bladder cancer UCC cells was verified using qPCR and WB. According to different treatments, these cells were divided into control group （bladder cancer T24 cells cultured normally）, GC chemotherapy group （T24 cells + GC）, siEZH2 transfection group （T24 cells + siEZH2 transfection + GC）, GSK126 inhibitor group （T24 cells + GSK126 5 μM + GC）, UNC1999 inhibitor group （T24 cells + UNC1999 5 μM + GC）, EI1 inhibitor group （T24 cells + EI1 5 μM + GC）, DZNep1 inhibitor group （T24 cells + DZNep1 5 μM + GC）, and EPZ005687 inhibitor group （T24 cells + EPZ005687 5 μM + GC）. CCK-8, plate clone formation, Annexin/PI, and other experiments were used to detect the proliferation rate, apoptosis rate, and the effect on the cell cycle of the eight groups of cells respectively. Then, 30 female BALB/C nude mice were randomly divided into control group （bladder cancer T24 cells cultured normally）, T24 cells + EZH2 inhibitor solvent buffer group, T24 cells + GC chemotherapy group, T24 cells + UNC1999 EZH2 inhibitor group, and T24 cells + UNC1999 EZH2 inhibitor + GC chemotherapy group, with 6 mice in each group. Tumor formation experiment in nude mice was used to detect the growth of transplanted tumors in each group after transfection, immunohistochemistry was used to observe the expression of Ki67 and EZH2 in the transplanted tumor tissues, and blood routine examination was used to detect the number of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets and the degree of bone marrow suppression in nude mice. Results In T24 cells transfected with siRNA plasmids, siEZH2-1 and siEZH2-2 showed statistically significant differences in siRNA and protein expression levels compared to the control group （P < 0.01）. Compared to the control group, the above experimental groups found that EZH2 inhibitors can inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of T24 cells, and increase the proportion of early apoptotic cells through CCK-8, plate cloning, and Annexin V/PI double staining, and Pi single staining experiments （P < 0.01）. Among them, in the plate cloning experiment, the difference in the number of cell clones between the experimental group T24 cells+EPZ005687 5 μM+GC chemotherapy drug group and the control group was statistically significant （P < 0.05）. In vivo experiments in mice showed that the tumor weight of nude mice treated with GC chemotherapy drugs or EZH2 inhibitors decreased compared to the control group （P < 0.05）, and the blood cell content also increased in the blood routine examination. Conclusion EZH2 inhibitors can enhance the sensitivity of bladder cancer GC chemotherapy regimen, thereby reducing the proliferation, migration, and growth of bladder cancer cells in nude mice xenografts. Additionally, combination therapy can significantly reduce bone marrow suppression. These findings suggest that combination therapy plays a role in sensitizing bladder cancer chemotherapy. -
图 2 5组膀胱癌T24细胞中EZH2的蛋白相对表达量分析
A～B：各组EZH2相关蛋白表达。与对照组比较，**P < 0.01。
Figure 2. Analysis of relative protein expression of EZH2 in five groups of bladder cancer T24 cells
图 3 CCK-8 实验检测24 h与48 h EZH2抑制剂对膀胱癌T24细胞增殖的影响
A：CCK-8实验24 h UCC细胞活力百分比；B：CCK-8实验48 h UCC细胞活力百分比 。与T24细胞正常培养比较，**P < 0.01；与T24细胞 + GC化疗药物组比较，**P < 0.01。
Figure 3. CCK-8 assay to detect the effect of 24 h and 48 h EZH2 inhibitors on the proliferation of bladder cancer T24 cells
图 4 平板克隆形成实验检测使用EZH2抑制剂对膀胱癌T24细胞增殖的影响
A：对照组与7组实验组平板克隆形成实验；B：细胞克隆数统计图。T24细胞 + DZNep1 5 μM + GC化疗药物组与T24细胞正常培养比较，**P < 0.01；T24细胞 + EPZ005687 5 μM + GC化疗药物组与T24细胞正常培养比较，*P < 0.05。
Figure 4. Effect of using EZH2 inhibitor on the proliferation of bladder cancer T24 cells detected by plate clone formation assay
图 5 PI单染试验检测EZH2抑制剂对膀胱癌T24细胞其细胞周期的影响
A：对照组与7组实验组细胞周期；B：细胞周期百分比；C：对照组、GC化疗组与UNC1999组统计图。与T24细胞正常培养比较，**P < 0.01；与T24细胞 + GC化疗药物比较，**P < 0.01。
Figure 5. Effect of EZH2 inhibitor on bladder cancer T24 cells and their cell cycle detected by PI single staining assay
图 6 Annexin V/PI 实验检测EZH2抑制剂对GC化疗中的膀胱癌T24细胞凋亡的影响
A：对照组与7组实验组细胞凋亡； B：细胞早期凋亡比例统计图。与T24细胞正常培养比较，**P < 0.01；与T24细胞 + GC化疗药物比较，**P < 0.01。
Figure 6. Annexin V/PI assay to detect the effect of EZH2 inhibitor on apoptosis of bladder cancer T24 cells in GC chemotherapy
图 7 EZH2抑制剂对小鼠体内T24细胞移植瘤生长的影响
A：各组小鼠2周与4周小鼠移植瘤图片；B：各组2周与4周移植瘤重量；C：免疫组化染色法观察肿瘤组织2周与4周EZH2、Ki67表达（比例尺：50 μm×200）；D：5组实验组的裸小鼠2周与4周血常规检测结果。与T24细胞 + GC化疗组相比，*P < 0.05。
Figure 7. Effect of EZH2 inhibitors on the growth of T24 cell transplanted tumours in mice
表 1 EZH2 引物序列
Table 1. Primer sequences of EZH2
基因名称 序列 （5′→3′） 长度（bp） GAPDH（H）-F TTGCCCTCAACGACCACTTT 120 GAPDH（H）-R TGGTCCAGGGGTCTTACTCC 120 EZH2（H）-F AAGAAGAAGAAGAGAAGAA 161 EZH2（H）-R ATAGTAAGTGCCAATGAG 161 F：上游引物、正向；R：下游引物、反向。 
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