Virus Genotypes and Drug Resistance among HIV/AIDS Patients before Antiretroviral Therapy in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture in 2018
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摘要:
目的 了解大理白族自治州(大理州)HIV/AIDS病毒基因型和抗病毒治疗前HIV-1耐药流行情况,为临床上更有效地进行抗病毒药物的应用提供理论基础。 方法 收集大理州2018年1月至8月初始抗病毒治疗的HIV/AIDS 122例,扩增pol区基因,进行HIV-1基因分型和治疗前耐药水平分析。 结果 纳入122例HIV/AIDS,成功获得HIV-1 pol区基因序列114条。通过构建系统进化树进行分析,发现7种HIV-1基因型,主要的基因型为CRF08_BC(59.6%,68/114)、CRF07_BC(25.4%,29/114)和CRF01_AE(7.0%,8/114);χ2检验分析结果显示HIV-1的基因型构成在主要传播途径中存在差异,差异具有统计学意义(χ2 = 25.637,P < 0.001),其中CRF08_BC在注射吸毒传播和异性性传播途径中占主导地位,同性性传播中以CRF01_AE为主;携带耐药突变位点的比例为21.9%(25/114),比例较高的突变E138A(9.6%,11/114)和V179D/E(9.6%,11/114)均为辅助耐药突变位点。治疗前总的HIV-1耐药率为1.8%(2/114),其中核苷类反转录酶抑制剂(NRTIs)的耐药率为0.9%(1/114),非核苷类反转录酶抑制剂(NNRTIs)耐药率与之相同。 结论 大理州初始抗病毒治疗的HIV/AIDS中,存在着多种的HIV-1基因型,治疗前耐药尚处于低度水平,为有效维持公共卫生抗病毒治疗策略,需要加强HIV耐药监测工作,及时掌握耐药基因突变数据,适时选择和调整一线抗病毒治疗方案。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance and genotypes in HIV/AIDS patients before antiretroviral therapy in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture(Dali) , so as to provide a theoretical basis for more effective antiviral drug application in the clinic. Methods A total of 122 adults with HIV/AIDS on initial antiretroviral therapy were recruited in Dali from January to August 2018 before antiretroviral therapy.Amplification of HIV-1 pol genes for drug resistance analysis. Results A total of 114 samples were successfully sequenced and 7 HIV-1 genotypes were identified according to the phylogenetic analysis, including three predominant genotypes such as CRF08_BC(59.6%, 68/114)、CRF07_BC(25.4%, 29/114)and CRF01_AE(7.0%, 8/114). The HIV-1 genotypes showed statistical differences among the main transmission route(χ2 = 25.637, P < 0.001). CRF08_BC were mainly in heterosexual and drug users, and CRF01_AE were mainly in homosexual.Surveillance drug resistance mutations(SDRMs) were 21.9%(25/114).A higher proportion of mutations E138A(9.6%, 11/114)and V179D/E(9.6%, 11/114)were accessory drug-resistant mutations. HIV-1 drug-resistant rate was 1.8%(2/114), and NRTIs and NNRTIs were 0.9%(1/114)respectively. Conclusion In HIV-1/AIDS patients before antiretroviral therapy in Dali, HIV-1 genotypes are multiple, with a low prevalence rate of HIV-1 drug resistance. To maintain effective public health antiretroviral therapy strategies, it is essential to strengthen the monitoring of HIV-1 drug resistance and master the data, and timely select and adjust the first-line antiretroviral therapy plan. -
Key words:
- HIV /
- Genotypes /
- Drug resistance /
- Antiretroviral therapy
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表 1 2018年大理州初始抗病毒治疗的HIV/AIDS人口学特征基本情况
Table 1. Demographic characteristics of the subjects
人口学特征 合计 (n = 114) 构成比(%) 性别 男 71 62.2 女 43 37.7 年龄组(岁) ≤ 30 15 13.2 31~50 63 55.3 ≥ 51 36 31.6 民族 汉 85 74.6 其他 29 25.4 婚姻状况 未婚 25 21.9 已婚 80 70.2 离异或丧偶 9 7.9 感染途径 异性性传播 93 81.6 同性性传播 11 9.6 注射吸毒 10 8.8 表 2 2018年大理州初始抗病毒治疗的HIV/AIDS中HIV-1基因型分布情况[n(%)]
Table 2. Demographic characteristics and genotype distribution of the subjects [n(%)]
人口学特征 合计
(n = 114)基因型 χ2 P CRF08_BC
(n = 68)CRF07_BC
(n = 29)CRF01_AE
(n = 8)其他
(n = 9)性别 4.053 0.246 男 71 42(59.2) 20(28.2) 6(8.5) 3(4.2) 女 43 26(60.5) 9(20.9) 2(4.7) 6(14.0) 年龄组(岁) 20.937 0.001* ≤ 30 15 5(33.3) 3(20.0) 6(40.0) 1(6.7) 31~50 63 40(63.5) 14(22.2) 2(3.2) 7(11.1) ≥51 36 23(63.9) 12(33.3) 0(0.0) 1(2.8) 民族 2.292 0.517 汉 85 51(60.0) 22(25.9) 7(8.2) 5(5.9) 其他 29 17(58.6) 7(24.1) 1(3.4) 4(13.8) 婚姻状况 8.357 0.153 未婚 25 12(48.0) 7(28.0) 5(20.0) 1(4.0) 已婚 80 49(61.3) 21(26.3) 3(3.8) 7(8.8) 离异或丧偶 9 7(77.8) 1(11.1) 0(0.0) 1(11.1) 感染途径 25.637 < 0.001* 异性性传播 93 62(66.7) 21(22.6) 4(4.3) 6(6.5) 同性性传播 11 0(0.0) 6(54.5) 4(36.4) 1(9.1) 注射吸毒 10 6(60.0) 2(20.0) 0(0.0) 2(20.0) CD4(个/μL) 13.000 0.118 < 200 38 22(57.9) 10(26.3) 1(2.6) 5(13.2) 200~ 33 23 (69.7) 7(21.2) 2(6.1) 1(3.0) 350~ 25 13 (52.0) 7(28.0) 5(20.0) 0(0.0) ≥ 500 18 10 (55.6) 5 (27.8) 0(0.0) 3(16.7) *P < 0.05。 表 3 大理州HIV/AIDS抗病毒治疗前HIV-1耐药位点与耐药程度 [n(%)]
Table 3. HIV-1 resistance sites and degree of resistance before antiretroviral therapy [n(%)]
耐药位点 耐药 HIV-1基因型(n) 耐药程度 CRF08_BC CRF07_BC CRF01_AE 其他 NRTIs M41L 1 (0.9) 1 0 0 0 L (AZT,D4T),
P (DDI)NNRTIs E138A 10 (8.8) 10 0 0 0 S E138A,V179E 1 (0.9) 1 0 0 0 P (EFV,NVP) K103N,V108I,H221Y 1 (0.9) 1 0 0 0 H (EFV,NVP) V179D 5 (4.4) 4 0 0 1 P (EFV,NVP) V179E 5 (4.4) 4 0 0 1 P (EFV,NVP) PIs K43T 2 (1.8) 0 2 0 0 S NRTIs:核苷类反转录酶抑制剂;NNRTIs:非核苷类反转录酶抑制剂;PIs:蛋白酶抑制剂;S:敏感;P:潜在耐药;L:低度耐药;H:高度耐药;AZT:齐多夫定;D4T:司他夫定;DDI:去羟肌苷;EFV:依非韦伦;NVP:奈韦拉平。 -
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