Efficacy of Transaxillary Approach Endoscopic Thyroid Surgery for the Treatment of Single-Sided Thyroid Cancer
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摘要:
目的 探讨经腋窝入路腔镜甲状腺手术治疗单侧甲状腺乳头状癌的安全性及有效性。 方法 选取云南省肿瘤医院2022年4月至2022年11月收治的患者135例,根据手术方式分组,腔镜组69例,开放组66例,观察2组患者的临床资料、手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后住院时长、并发症、美容满意度、瘢痕评估、术后吞咽疼痛及血钙、血磷、PTH水平。 结果 2组在一般资料、病理学特征、淋巴结清扫个数、围手术期并发症上差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05);手术时间、术后引流量,腔镜组明显高于开放组(P < 0.05);术中出血量、术后住院时长、疼痛评分、血钙、血磷、PTH水平及美容满意度,腔镜组明显优于开放组(P < 0.05)。 结论 经腋窝入路腔镜下甲状腺手术治疗单侧甲状腺乳头状癌是安全、可行的,且对于甲状旁腺的保护,术后吞咽疼痛度,美容满意度较好。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of endoscopic thyroid surgery through axillary approach in the treatment of unilateral papillary thyroid carcinoma. Methods A total of 135 patients admitted to Yunnan Cancer Hospital from April 2022 to November 2022 were selected. According to the surgical method, 69 patients were in the endoscopic group and 66 patients were in the open surgery group. The clinical data, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, postoperative hospitalization stay, complications, cosmetic satisfaction, scar evaluation, postoperative swallowing pain and blood calcium, blood phosphorus, PTH levels of the two groups were observed. Results There were no significant differences in general data, pathological features, number of lymph node dissection, and perioperative complications between the two groups(P > 0.05). The operation time and postoperative drainage volume in the endoscopic group were significantly higher than those in the open surgery group. The intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, pain score, serum calcium, serum phosphorus, PTH levels and cosmetic satisfaction in the endoscopic group were significantly better than those in the open group(P < 0.05). Conclusion Transaxillary approach endoscopic thyroid surgery for the treatment of single-sided papillary thyroid carcinoma is safe, feasible, and provides better protection of the parathyroid glands, postoperative swallowing pain, and cosmetic satisfaction. -
Key words:
- Thyroid surgery /
- Axillary approach /
- Open surgery /
- Minimally invasive /
- Quality of life
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表 1 腔镜组与开放组一般资料比较($ \bar x \pm s $/n)
Table 1. Endoscopic of general data between the endoscopic group and the open surgery group($ \bar x \pm s $/n)
组别 腔镜组
(n = 69)开放组
(n = 66)t/χ2 P 年龄(岁) 40.90±1.14 43.18±1.21 −1.372 0.172 BMI指数(kg/m2) 23.38±0.36 24.01±0.38 −1.199 0.233 性别(男/女) 5/64 9/57 1.483 0.223 病灶位置(左叶/右叶) 33/36 34/32 0.184 0.668 婚姻状态(未婚/已婚) 5/64 0/66 3.143 0.076 受教育程度(高中以下
/高中及以上)29/40 31/35 0.333 0.564 表 2 腔镜组与开放组临床病理特征情况对比[n(%)]
Table 2. Comparison of clinicopathological features between endoscopic group and open surgery group [n(%)]
组别 腔镜组
(n = 69)开放组
(n = 66)Z/χ2 P 肿瘤最大直径(cm) 0.40(0.469,0.675) 0.40(0.420,0.629) −1.012 0.312 多灶型(n) 11(15.9) 6(9.1) 1.439 0.23 累及腺体被膜(n) 4(5.8) 4(6.1) 0 1 中央区淋巴结清扫数目(个) 5.00(4.18,5.61) 5.00(4.38,6.22) −0.29 0.772 阳性淋巴结数目(个) 0.00(0.44,1.12) 0.00(0.46,1.14) −0.008 0.994 淋巴结转移人数占比(n) 25(36.2) 23(34.8) 0.028 0.867 表 3 腔镜组与开放组手术时长、术中出血量、引流量、住院时长比较($ \bar x \pm s $)
Table 3. Comparison of operation duration,intraoperative blood loss,drainage volume and hospital stay between endoscopic group and open surgery group($ \bar x \pm s $)
组别 腔镜组(n = 69) 开放组(n = 66) t/Z P 手术时长(min) 115.00(110.48,125.89) 75.00(73.17,83.56) −7.532 < 0.001* 术中出血量(mL) 8.00(7.61,9.93) 20.00(18.02,22.68) −7.479 < 0.001* 总引流量(mL) 112.00 ± 6.097 76.32 ± 3.225 5.107 < 0.001* 术后住院时长(d) 3.00(2.79,3.24) 4.00(3.34,3.85) −3.259 0.001* *P< 0.05。 表 4 术后第3天疼痛评分比较[n(%)]
Table 4. Comparison of pain scores on day 3 after surgery [n(%)]
组别 腔镜组
(n = 69)开放组
(n = 66)Z/χ2 P 疼痛 20.990 < 0.001* 轻度(1~3分) 61(88.4) 36(54.5) 中度(4~6分) 8(11.6) 28(42.4) 重度(7~10分) 0 2(3.0) *P < 0.05。 表 5 术后并发症比较[n(%)]
Table 5. Comparison of postoperative complications [n(%)]
组别 腔镜组
(n = 69)开放组
(n = 66)χ2 P 暂时性声嘶 4(5.8) 11(16.7) 4.035 0.045* 切口感染 1(1.4) 1(1.5) Fisher 1.000 手足麻木 0 1(1.5) Fisher 0.489 皮下积液 2(2.9) 0 Fisher 0.497 皮下气肿 1(1.4) 0 Fisher 1.000 总发生率 8(11.6) 13(19.7) 1.686 0.194 *P < 0.05。 表 6 甲状旁腺功能及血钙、血磷水平比较[($ \bar x \pm s $),(P25,P75)]
Table 6. Comparison of parathyroid function and blood calcium and phosphorus levels [($ \bar x \pm s $),(P25,P75)]
组别 观察指标 术前 术后 t/Z P 腔镜组(n = 69) 血钙(mmol/L) 2.37 ± 0.012 2.34 ± 0.019 1.067 0.288 血磷(mmol/L) 1.16 ± 0.017 1.14 ± 0.023 0.258 0.302 PTH(mmol/L) 55.29(54.95,67.56) 48.81(44.77,56.40) −1.858 0.063 开放组(n = 66) 血钙(mmol/L) 2.37 ± 0.012 2.27 ± 0.024 6.254 < 0.001* 血磷(mmol/L) 1.15(1.12,1.21) 1.25(1.19,1.31) −2.129 0.033* PTH(pg/mL) 53.2(51.38,62.88) 44.0(39.60,51.65) −2.243 0.025* *P < 0.05。 表 7 术后瘢痕评估和美容满意度及颈部形态[n(%)]
Table 7. Postoperative scar evaluation and cosmetic satisfaction [n(%)]
组别 腔镜组
(n = 69)开放组
(n = 66)Z/χ2 P 瘢痕宽度(mm) 3.238 0.072 ≤1 41(59.4) 29(43.9) >1 28(40.6) 37(56.1) VSS(温哥华
瘢痕评分)−2.642 0.008* ≤4(良好) 40(58.0) 24(36.4) 5~7(轻度增生) 28(40.6) 38(57.6) ≥8(明显增生) 1(1.4) 4(6.0) 美容满意度 −3.167 0.002* 满意 53(76.8) 34(51.6) 一般 13(18.8) 22(33.3) 不满意 3(4.3) 10(15.2) 吞咽联动 0(0.0) 51(77.27) 85.690 0.001* *P < 0.05。 -
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