Application of Pre-implantation Genetic Testing in the Patients with Turner Syndrome
-
摘要:
目的 探讨胚胎植入前遗传学检测(pre-implantation genetic testing,PGT )在Turner综合征患者中的临床应用价值。 方法 选择2016年1月至2023年6月在第九〇〇医院生殖中心行PGT助孕的18例Turner患者,回顾性分析临床资料、胚胎发育情况、PGT结果及妊娠结局。 结果 18例患者均有自发青春期发育,其中4例患者存在卵巢功能不全(primary ovarian insufficiency,POI)。18例患者共24个取卵周期,其中6例患者10个周期均无可活检胚胎。活检61个胚胎,明确诊断胚胎数60个,其中染色体异常胚胎25个。8例嵌合Turner患者获得临床妊娠7例,4例已分娩4个健康男婴,3例持续妊娠中。 结论 Turner综合征的染色体核型种类多,患者的临床表型多样,PGT助孕预后差异较大。有活检胚胎的Turner患者,通过PGT能有效筛选可用胚胎,获得理想的临床结局。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the application value of pre-implantation genetic testing(PGT) in patients with Turner syndrome. Methods The clinical data, embryonic development, PGT results and pregnancy outcome of 18 patients with Turner syndrome who underwent PGT in the reproductive center of 900th Hospital from January 2016 to June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Results All 18 patients had spontaneous puberty development, of which 4 patients had primary ovarian insufficiency(POI). A total of 24 oocyte retrieval cycles were performed in 18 patients, of which 6 patients had no biopsied embryos for 10 cycles. Sixty-one embryos were biopsied and 60 embryos were clearly diagnosed, including 25 with chromosomal abnormalities. Seven patients with mosaic Turner syndrome obtained clinical pregnancies after transplantation, including 4 healthy boys had already been delivered and 3 are in pregnancy. Conclusion There are numerous types of karyotype in Turner syndrome. The clinical phenotypes vary greatly in individuals with Turner syndrome, and prognosis of PGT is significant different. Patients with Turner syndrome who had biopsied embryos can obtain available embryo using PGT, and achieve ideal clinical outcomes. -
表 1 患者的核型和基本资料
Table 1. Karyotype and basic information of the patients
病例 核型 年龄
(岁)E2
(pmol/L)FSH
(IU/L)LH
(IU/L)AMH
(ng/mL)AFC
(个)孕产史 1 45,X 33 105.7 5.06 2.01 4.14 7 0-0-0-0 2 45,X 34 36.68 11.79 4.35 1.08 6 0-0-4&-0 3 46,X,del(X)(q23q26) 37 50.16 10.82 2.31 2.74 14 0-0-0-0 4 46,X,del(X)(q22) 28 48.08 8.53 2.59 3.33 7 0-0-0-0 5 46,X,del(X)(q24) 32 53.16 6.55 7.92 2.92 12 1-0-1&-1a 6 46,X,del(X)(p22.13p21.3) 24 120.29 9.33 3.6 0.85 6 0-0-1*-0 7 46,X,del(X)(p22.33) 28 26.85 11.87 5.67 4.1 13 1-0-1*-0# 8 45,X[43]/46,XX[57] 24 261.49 1.77 1.39 0.94 9 0-0-0-0 9 45,X[15]/46,XX[45] 35 25.07 4.74 4.31 5.22 20 0-0-0-0 10 47,XXX[62]/45,X[18] 37 46 7.94 1.12 1.39 6 0-0-1&-0 11 45,X[9]/46,XX[81] 30 102.25 5.54 5.17 15.03 23 0-0-0-0 12 45,X[5]/46,XX[95] 31 20.92 9.57 5.17 1.33 6 0-0-2&-0 13 45,X[3]/46,XX[29] 38 65.1 6.44 2.78 1.33 4 0-0-5&-0 14 45,X[6]/47,XXX[5]/46,XX[169] 38 36.29 5.54 1.62 4.46 16 0-0-1&-0 15 45,X[3]/46,XX[25] 35 70 8.06 2.4 2.12 17 1-0-0-1a 16 45,X[3]/46,XX[27] 38 45 9.97 4.3 2.02 13 1-0-2&-1a 17 45,X[20]/46,XX[32] 39 64.75 7.47 1.94 1.95 7 1-0-2&-1b 18 45,X,inv(9)(p12q13)[3]/
46,XX,inv(9)(p12q13)[21]36 29 7.66 3.14 3.15 18 0-0-2&-0 E2:estradiol;FSH:follicle- stimulating hormone;LH:luteinizing hormone;AMH:anti-Müllerian hormone;AFC:antral follicle count;&:胚胎停育(仅病例5、14和18行流产物染色体高通量测序,结果提示均为染色体异常,分别为45,X、47,XN,+16和47,XN,+22);*:胎儿畸形(染色体微阵列分析结果提示母源性微缺失);#:不明原因夭折;a:女孩;b:男孩。 表 2 患者的胚胎发育情况
Table 2. Embryonic development
病例 周期数
(个)促排
方案穿刺卵泡数
(个)获卵数
(个)授精
方式成熟卵数
(个)受精数
(个)卵裂数
(个)囊胚形成数
(个)活检囊胚数
(个)1 1 长方案 27 10 ICSI 5 4 4 0 0 2 1 拮抗剂 6 5 ICSI 5 1 1 0 0 3 2 拮抗剂 10 6 ICSI 3 2 2 0 0 拮抗剂 11 8 ICSI 7 6 6 0 0 4 3 拮抗剂 5 2 ICSI 2 2 2 0 0 微刺激 2 1 ICSI 0 0 0 0 0 微刺激 4 2 ICSI 2 0 0 0 0 5 2 拮抗剂 11 8 ICSI 7 6 6 0 0 PPOS 13 8 ICSI 5 3 3 0 0 6 1 拮抗剂 3 3 ICSI 1 0 0 0 0 7 1 拮抗剂 8 3 IVF 3 3 3 2 2 8 1 拮抗剂 14 10 IVF 9 8 8 6 5 9 1 拮抗剂 23 16 IVF 16 16 16 9 7 10 1 拮抗剂 6 4 IVF 3 3 3 2 1 11 1 拮抗剂 23 16 IVF 14 14 14 6 4 12 1 拮抗剂 8 3 ICSI 3 3 3 3 3 13 2 PPOS 4 4 IVF 4 4 4 4 3 PPOS 9 9 IVF 9 9 7 6 4 14 1 拮抗剂 15 12 IVF 12 11 11 5 4 15 1 拮抗剂 12 12 ICSI 11 10 10 4 4 16 1 拮抗剂 17 13 IVF 13 13 13 8 7 17 2 PPOS 5 3 IVF 3 3 3 3 3 PPOS 3 3 IVF 3 3 2 2 2 18 1 拮抗剂 22 18 IVF 17 17 17 14 12 PPOS: progestin-primed ovarian stimulation; ICSI: intra- cytoplasmic sperm injection; IVF: in vitro fertilization。 表 3 染色体异常胚胎具体情况
Table 3. The details of chromosomal abnormal embryos
病例 诊断胚胎数(个) 异常胚胎数(%) PGT结果 7 2 2 (100.0) 46,X,del(X)(p22.33),dup(13)(q33.3q34) 48,XN,+2,−11,+17,+22 8 5 3 (60.0) 46,XN,dup(19)(p13.3p12) 46,XN,del(10)(p14q26.3) 46,XN,del(1)(p36.33p31.2) 9 7 1 (14.3) 47,XN,+21 13 7 4 (57.1) 45,XN,del(7)(p22.3p21.1),−22 45,XN,−16 46,XN,+16,−22 46,XN,dup(16)(p13.3p11.2) 14 4 3 (75.0) 46,XN,del(5)(p15.33p14.1) 46,XN,del(1)(p36.33p33) 46,XN,del(1)(p36.33p21.1) 16 7 2 (28.6) 46,XN,del(5)(p15.33p15.2) 46,XN,del(7)(q36.1q36.3) 17 5 3 (60.0) 45,XN,−18 46,XN,dup(5)(p15.1p13.2) 46,XN,dup(20)(p12.3p11.23) 18 11 7 (63.6) 47,XN,+1 46,XN,+1,−16 45,XN,dup(6)(p25.2p11.2),−22 46,XN,dup(14)(q21.3q24.3) 45,XN,−21 45,XN,−22 45,X 表 4 胚胎移植及妊娠结局
Table 4. Embryo transfer and pregnancy outcomes
病例 解冻移植周期数 妊娠结局 产前诊断结果 8 1 剖宫产1男婴 46,XN,t(2;3)(q33.2;q13.3) 9 1 未妊娠 10 1 剖宫产1男婴 46,XN 11 1 剖宫产1男婴 46,XN 12 1 剖宫产1男婴 46,XN 13 1 妊娠中 15 2 未妊娠 妊娠中 16 1 妊娠中 -
[1] Zachaki S,Kouvidi E,Pantou A,et al. Low-level X chromosome mosaicism: A common finding in women undergoing IVF[J]. In Vivo,2020,34(3):1433-1437. doi: 10.21873/invivo.11925 [2] 中国人体健康科技促进会生育力保存与保存专业委员会. 特纳综合征中国专家共识(2022年版)[J]. 中国实用妇科与产科杂志,2022,38(4):424-433. doi: 10.19538/j.fk2022040111 [3] Gravholt C H,Andersen N H,Conway G S,et al. The International Turner Syndrome Consensus Group,Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome: Proceedings from the 2016 Cincinnati International Turner Syndrome Meeting[J]. Eur J Endocrinol,2017,177(3):G1-G70. doi: 10.1530/EJE-17-0430 [4] 《胚胎植入前遗传学诊断/筛查专家共识》编写组. 胚胎植入前遗传学诊断/筛查技术专家共识[J]. 中华医学遗传学杂志,2018,35(2):151-155. [5] McArthur S J,Leigh D,Marshall J T,et al. Pregnancies and live births after trophectoderm biopsy and preimplantation genetic testing of human blastocysts[J]. Fertil Steril,2005,84(6):1628-1636. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.05.063 [6] Augoulea A,Zachou G,Lambrinoudaki I. Turner syndrome and osteoporosis[J]. Maturitas,2019,130:41-49. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.09.010 [7] Samarakoon L,Sirisena N D,Wettasinghe K T,et al. Prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities in Sri Lankan women with primary amenorrhea[J]. J Obstet Gynaecol Res,2013,39(5):991-997. doi: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2012.02063.x [8] 陈子江,田秦杰,乔杰,等. 早发性卵巢功能不全的临床诊疗中国专家共识[J]. 中华妇产科杂志,2017,52(9):577-581. [9] 曾健,连晓惠,张晓,等. 七例X染色体长臂异常女性不孕患者的临床与遗传学分析[J]. 中华医学遗传学杂志,2021,38(7):699-701. [10] Calanchini M,Aye C Y L,Orchard E,et al. Fertility issues and pregnancy outcomes in Turner syndrome[J]. Fertil Steril,2020,114(1):144-454. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.03.002 [11] Cadoret F,Parinaud J,Bettiol C,et al. Pregnancy outcome in Turner syndrome: A French multi‐center study after the 2009 guidelines[J]. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol,2018,229:20−25. [12] Giles J,Meseguer M,Mercader A,et al. Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy in patients with partial X monosomy using their own occytes: Is this a suitable indication?[J]. Fertil Steril,2020,114(2):346-353. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.04.003 [13] Liao J N,Luo K L,Cheng D H,et al. Reproductive outcomes after preimplantation genetic testing in mosaic Turner syndrome: A retrospective cohort study of 100 cycles[J]. J Assist Reprod Genet,2021,38(5):1247-1253. doi: 10.1007/s10815-021-02127-y [14] Acet F,Sahin G,Osman Ucar A A,et al. In vitro fertilization and preimplantation genetic diagnosis outcomes in mosaic Turner's syndrome: A retrospective cohort study from a single referral center experience[J]. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod,2022,51(7):102405. doi: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2022.102405 [15] Li C X,Dang Y J,Li J,et al. Preimplantation genetic testing is not a preferred recommendation for patients with X chromosome abnormalities[J]. Hum Reprod,2021,36(9):2612-2621. doi: 10.1093/humrep/deab177 [16] Ye M,Yeh J,Kosteria I,et al. Progress in fertility preservation strategies in Turner syndrome[J]. Front Med,2020,7:3. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00003