Comparison of Methods for Generating Thrombotic Models after the Endothelial Injury
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摘要:
目的 内皮损伤在深静脉血栓形成中起着重要的作用，旨在比较多种方法制备兔股静脉内皮损伤后血栓模型的效果，为深入研究内皮损伤及深静脉血栓提供良好的实验基础。 方法 45只兔随机分为A、B、C 3组，分别采取单纯夹闭法、联合完全结扎法及联合不全结扎法制备股静脉血栓，每组15只，对比建模后1 d、3 d、7 d血管内超声、实时剪切波表现及局部血管内皮病理改变。 结果 血管内径及杨氏模量值于造模7 d后出现明显差异（P < 0.05）。组间两两比较：造模7 d C组杨氏模量值均较A组及B组增高（P < 0.05）。病理证实，造模第7天C组血管内出现一定程度的纤维蛋白机化血栓。 结论 夹闭法联合不全结扎法能够产生较为稳定的内皮损伤和血栓形成，该方法可为深入研究内皮损伤后深静脉血栓提供了有力的实验模型基础。 Abstract:Objective Endothelial injury plays a crucial role in forming deep vein thrombosis. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of various methods for creating rabbit femoral vein thrombotic models after the endothelial injuryso as to provide a solid experimental foundation for further research on the endothelial injury and deep vein thrombosis. Methods Forty-five rabbits were randomly divided into three groups（A, B, C）, with 15 cases in each group and subjected to the endothelial injury using the methods of simple clamping, combined complete ligation, and combined incomplete ligation, respectively. The intravascular ultrasonic manifestations and local endothelial pathological changes were compared at 1, 3, and 7 days after modeling. Results Significant differences in vascular diameter and Young’ s modulus values were observed after 7 days of modeling（P < 0.05）. In pairwise comparisons between the groups, the Young’ s modulus values in group C were significantly higher than those in groups A and B after 7 days of modeling（P < 0.05）. Pathological examination confirmed the presence of fibrinoid thrombus in the blood vessels of group C on the seventh day of modeling. Conclusion Combining simple clamping and incomplete ligation can produce a relatively stable endothelial injury and thrombus formation. This method provides a robust experimental model for further investigation into deep vein thrombosis after the endothelial injury. -
Key words:
- Rabbit /
- Endothelial injury /
- Venous thrombosis /
- Real-time shear wave elastography
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图 1 造模后超声横行与纵行扫查兔股静脉，观察血管内回声及血流情况并记录血管内径
A：横行；B：纵行。
Figure 1. After modeling，perform transverse and longitudinal ultrasound scans of the rabbit femoral vein to observe the echo and blood flow within the blood vessels and record the vascular diameter
图 2 造模后1 d、3 d及7 d 3组兔股静脉实时剪切波弹性成像观察
Figure 2. Real-time shear wave elastography observation of the femoral vein in three groups of rabbits at 1 d，3 d，and 7 d after modeling
图 3 C组兔造模1 d、3 d及7 d后股静脉血栓病理切片观察（HE100×）
Figure 3. Pathological observation of femoral vein thrombosis in rabbits of group C at 1 d，3 d，and 7 d after modeling （HE100×）
表 1 3组兔股静脉管腔内径比较[（$\bar x \pm s$），mm]
Table 1. Comparison of the intraluminal diameter of the femoral vein in three groups of rabbits [（$\bar x \pm s$），mm]
组别 n 术后1 d 术后3 d 术后7 d F P A组 15 1.547±0.106 1.553±0.106 1.620±0.086 2.475 0.096 B组 15 1.567±0.105 1.473±0.122 1.413±0.226* 3.483 0.040# C组 15 1.587±0.106 1.740±0.130* 1.980±0.204*△ 25.336 < 0.001# 与术后1 d比较，*P < 0.05；与术后3 d比较，△P < 0.05；#P < 0.05 
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表 2 3组兔股静脉血栓模型杨氏模量值MEAN值比较（Kpa）
Table 2. Comparison of mean values of Young’s modulus （MEAN） in the femoral vein thrombus model of three groups of rabbits （Kpa）
组别 n 术后1 d 术后3 d 术后7 d F P A组 15 5.16±1.001 5.987±0.756 9.22±1.725*△ 45.546 < 0.001▲ B组 15 4.747±0.986 5.927±0.834 10.56±2.564*△ 51.566 < 0.001▲ C组 15 4.453±1.119 7.993±1.223*#+ 18.82±1.66*△#+ 458.322 < 0.001▲ F 1.760 22.549 98.855 P 0.185 < 0.001* < 0.001* 与术后1 d比较，*P < 0.05；与术后3 d组比较，△P < 0.05；同一时间内与A组比较，#P < 0.05；同一时间内与B组比较，+P < 0.05；▲P < 0.05。
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表 3 建模后不同时期血管的病理学变化
Table 3. Pathological changes in blood vessels at different time points after modeling
组别 A组 B组 C组 1 d 血管壁少量内皮细胞脱落，炎细胞侵润；血管内血细胞淤滞 血管壁少量内皮细胞脱落，管壁水肿可见炎细胞侵润，血管内血细胞淤滞 血管壁部分内皮细胞脱落，
管壁水肿可见炎细胞侵润，血管内血细胞淤滞3 d 血管壁内肉芽组织增生，血管内血细胞淤滞 部分血管壁纤维素样坏死，血管周围炎细胞侵润，血管内血细胞淤 部分血管壁纤维素样坏死，血管周围炎细胞侵润，部分血管内红色血栓形成 7 d 血管壁纤维组织增长，部分血管内出现红色血栓 部分血管壁增厚，血管周围炎细胞侵润，血管内形成红色及白色血栓 血管壁增厚，血管内血栓形成，出现纤维蛋白机化血栓
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