The Effect of Smoking on the Semen Quality in Male Infertile
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摘要:
目的 探究吸烟对不育症男性精液质量的影响。 方法 选取360例男性不育症患者，根据患者是否吸烟进行分组：吸烟组（$n $=190）和未吸烟组（$n $=170，N组），其中吸烟组按照吸烟量分为A组（≤10支/d组，$n $=63）、B组（11～20支/d组，$n $=80）、C组（>20支/d组，$n $=47）。观察并进行组间、组内比较各组患者精液量、液化时间、精子浓度、活动力、DNA碎片率以及正常形态率。 结果 吸烟组和未吸烟组精液量、液化时间、精子活动力、正常形态率以及DNA碎片率比较差异均有统计学意义（ P <0.05），吸烟组患者精液量、精子活动力以及正常形态率低于未吸烟组，DNA碎片率、精液液化时间高于未吸烟组。且随着吸烟量增加，精子活动力以及正常形态率下降，精液液化时间、DNA碎片率增加；吸烟组和未吸烟组精子浓度比较差异无统计学意义 （P >0.05）。吸烟量不同的3个组精液量比较差异无统计学差异（P >0.05）。 结论 吸烟对精液量、精子活性、正常形态率、精子活动力、液化时间及DNA碎片化等精子质量参数造成负面影响，大量吸烟影响尤为明显。应该加强全面健康教育、提倡健康的生活方式、减少吸烟。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the effect of smoking on the semen quality in infertile men. Methods A total of 360 male infertility patients were enrolled and divided into the smoking group（$n $=190） and non-smoking group（$n $=170） based on whether they smoked or not. Furthermore, the smoking group was subdivided into group A（≤10 sticks/d, $n $=63）, group B（11～20 sticks/d, $n $=80）, and group C（>20 sticks/d group, $n $=47） according to the amount of smoking. Semen volume, liquefaction time, sperm concentration, motility, DNA fragmentation rate and normal morphological rate were observed and compared between and within the groups. Results There were significant differences in semen volume, liquefaction time, sperm motility, normal morphological rate and DNA fragmentation rate between the smoking group and the non-smoking group（P <0.05）. The semen volume, sperm motility and normal morphological rate of the smoking group were lower than those in the non-smoking group, and the DNA fragmentation rate and semen liquefaction time were higher than those in the non-smoking group. And with the increase of smoking volume, sperm motility and normal morphological rate decreased, semen liquefaction time and DNA fragmentation rate increased, and there was no significant difference in the sperm concentration between the smoking group and non-smoking group（P >0.05）. There was no significant difference in the semen volume between the three groups with different smoking amounts（P >0.05）. Conclusion Smoking has a negative impact on the sperm quality parameters such as semen volume, sperm motility, normal morphological rate, sperm motility, liquefaction time and DNA fragmentation, and the effect of heavy smoking is particularly obvious. We should strengthen the comprehensive health education, promote the healthy lifestyles and reduce smoking. -
Key words:
- Smoking /
- Male infertility /
- Semen quality
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表 1 不同吸烟分组中的男性不育症、年龄分布情况[n（%）]
Table 1. Distribution of male infertility、age in different smoking groups [n（%）]
男性不育症 N组 吸烟组 ≤10支/d A组 11～20支/d B组 >20支/d C组 原发性（n=174） 79（21.94） 33（9.17） 37（10.28） 25（6.94） 继发性（n=186） 91 （25.28） 30 （8.34） 43（11.94） 22（6.11） 年龄（岁） 26～30（n=169） 73（20.28） 36（10.00） 38（10.56） 22（6.11） 31～35（n=191） 97（26.94） 34（9.44） 36（10.00） 24（6.67） 
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表 2 不同抽烟程度患者精液质量参数及DFI对比（$\bar x \pm s$）
Table 2. Comparison of semen quality parameters and DFI in patients with different smoking degrees（$\bar x \pm s $）
检测项目 N组 A组 B组 C组 F 精液量（mL） 3.71±1.56 3.57±1.45 3.69±1.44 3.49±1.53 0.848 精液液化时间（min） 32.31±7.22 35.50±6.23 41.71±6.81 49.32±7.50 9.499 精子浓度（×106个/mL） 50.76±39.57 47.60±36.37 49.76±37.53 48.60±36.98 0.814 正常形态精子率（%） 3.97±1.90 3.81±2.01 3.66±1.70 3.51±1.57 0.833 前向运动精子百分率（%） 41.14±14.35 37.75±15.89 33.37±14.20 28.61±16.03 35.458 DFI（%） 17.02±8.13 22.28±10.35 26.34±14.34 29.28±1.09 77.2885
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表 3 不同抽烟程度患者精液量对比
Table 3. Comparison of semen volume in patients with different smoking degrees
分组 未吸烟组
（n=170）≤10支/d组
（n=63）11～20支/d组
（n=80）>20支/d组
（n=47）A组 0.037 — 0.061 0.054 B组 0.046 — — 0.072 C组 0.029 — — —
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表 4 不同抽烟程度患者精子浓度对比
Table 4. Comparison of semen density in patients with different smoking degrees
分组 未吸烟组
（n=170）≤10支/d组
（n=63）11～20支/d组
（n=80）>20支/d组
（n=47）A组 0.061 — 0.065 0.059 B组 0.071 — — 0.064 C组 0.053 — — —
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表 5 不同抽烟程度患者精子正常形态率对比
Table 5. Comparison of semen normal morphological rate in patients with different smoking degrees
分组 未吸烟组
（n=170）≤10支/d组
（n=63）11～20支/d组
（n=80）>20支/d组
（n=47）A组 0.023 — 0.037 0.016 B组 0.039 — — 0.045 C组 0.029 — — —
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表 6 不同抽烟程度患者前向运动精子百分率对比
Table 6. Comparison of sperm motility in patients with different smoking degrees
分组 未吸烟组
（n=170）≤10支/d组
（n=63）11～20支/d组
（n=80）>20支/d组
（n=47）A组 0.034 — 0.022 0.040
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表 7 不同抽烟程度患者DNA碎片指数对比
Table 7. Comparison of DNA fragmentation index in patients with different groups
分组 未吸烟组
（n=170）≤10支/d组
（n=63）11～20支/d组
（n=80）>20支/d组
（n=47）A组 0.017 — 0.011 0.034 B组 0.026 — — 0.043 C组 0.036 — — —
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表 8 不同抽烟程度患者精液液化时间对比
Table 8. Comparison of semen liquefaction time in patients with different smoking degrees
分组 未吸烟组
（n=170）≤10支/d组
（n=63）11～20支/d组
（n=80）>20支/d组
（n=47）A组 0.028 — 0.033 0.016 B组 0.034 — — 0.047 C组 0.025 — — —
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