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社区获得性肺炎合并糖尿病患者的临床特征和死亡危险因素分析

马建芳 黄晓玲 李艳华 马狄 袁开芬

马建芳, 黄晓玲, 李艳华, 马狄, 袁开芬. 社区获得性肺炎合并糖尿病患者的临床特征和死亡危险因素分析[J]. 昆明医科大学学报, 2024, 45(2): 123-130. doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20240217
引用本文: 马建芳, 黄晓玲, 李艳华, 马狄, 袁开芬. 社区获得性肺炎合并糖尿病患者的临床特征和死亡危险因素分析[J]. 昆明医科大学学报, 2024, 45(2): 123-130. doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20240217
Jianfang MA, Xiaoling HUANG, Yanhua LI, Di MA, Kaifen YUAN. Analysis of Clinical Characteristics and Death Risk Factors in Patients with Community-acquired Pneumonia Complicated with Diabetes[J]. Journal of Kunming Medical University, 2024, 45(2): 123-130. doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20240217
Citation: Jianfang MA, Xiaoling HUANG, Yanhua LI, Di MA, Kaifen YUAN. Analysis of Clinical Characteristics and Death Risk Factors in Patients with Community-acquired Pneumonia Complicated with Diabetes[J]. Journal of Kunming Medical University, 2024, 45(2): 123-130. doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20240217

社区获得性肺炎合并糖尿病患者的临床特征和死亡危险因素分析

doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20240217
基金项目: 昆明医科大学硕士研究生创新基金资助项目(2023S329)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    马建芳(1997~),女,云南昆明人,在读硕士研究生,主要从事呼吸内科临床研究工作

    通讯作者:

    袁开芬,E-mail:2548733853@qq.com

  • 中图分类号: R563.1

Analysis of Clinical Characteristics and Death Risk Factors in Patients with Community-acquired Pneumonia Complicated with Diabetes

  • 摘要:   目的   探讨社区获得性肺炎(community-acquired pneumonia,CAP)合并糖尿病(diabetes mellitus,DM)患者的临床特征和住院期间死亡的危险因素。  方法   回顾性收集昆明医科大学第二附属医院2018年1月至2022年1月住院治疗的566例CAP患者资料,根据患者是否合并糖尿病分为单纯CAP组(n=478),CAP合并糖尿病(CAP+DM)组(n=88),再根据患者住院期间是否死亡将CAP+DM组(n=88)分为存活组(n=69)和死亡组(n=19)。分别比较不同分组患者的临床资料和入院时的实验室化验指标,采用Cox回归分析筛选CAP+DM组患者住院期间死亡的危险因素,绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评估危险因素对住院期间死亡的预测价值。  结果   与单纯CAP组比较,CAP+DM组患者在年龄、合并高血压、冠心病、CURB-65评分、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,NLR)、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)、白蛋白(albumin,ALB)、前白蛋白(prealbumin,PA)、葡萄糖(glucose,GLU)、血清钾(potassium,K)、钙(calcium,Ca)、磷(phosphorus,P)、镁(magnesium,Mg)、乳酸(lactic acid,Lac),无创通气时间、入住ICU率及病死率比较上,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);与存活组比较,死亡组患者在CURB-65评分、NLR、CRP、PCT、GIU、ALB、PA、血清铁(iron,Fe)、Ca、无创通气时间、入住ICU率比较上,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。Cox回归分析显示,NLR水平升高、PA水平下降是CAP合并糖尿病患者住院期间死亡的危险因素(P < 0.05)。PA截断值为91 mg/L时,预测合并糖尿病的CAP患者住院期间死亡的曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)、灵敏度和特异度分别为0.849,84.2%、81.2%。  结论   CAP合并糖尿病的患者较单纯的CAP患者病情更严重,预后更差,PA对这类患者的预后具有良好的预测价值,应早期检测并积极干预,以降低患者的住院病死率。
  • 图  1  NLR、PA预测CAP+DM患者住院期间死亡的ROC曲线

    Figure  1.  ROC curve of NLR and PA for predicting hospitalization death in patients with CAP+DM

    表  1  单纯CAP组、CAP+DM组临床资料及化验指标比较[MP25P75)/n(%),d]

    Table  1.   Comparison of clinical data and laboratory indicators between CAP group and CAP+DM group[M(P25P75)/n(%),d]

    项目单纯CAP(n=478)CAP+DM(n=88)χ2P
    年龄(岁) 57(40,73) 70(62,82) −6.296 <0.001*
    男性 247(51.7) 53(60.2) 2.183 0.140
    吸烟史 161(33.7) 23(26.1) 1.929 0.165
    高血压 125(26.2) 64(72.7) 72.487 <0.001*
    冠心病 33(6.9) 19(21.6) 19.215 <0.001*
    抗生素使用天数 7.00(5.00,9.00) 7.00(5.25,9.00) −1.047 0.295
    无创通气天数 0(0,0) 0(0,5) −2.842 0.004*
    入住ICU 23(4.8) 14(15.9) 14.980 <0.001*
    住院期间死亡 26(5.4) 19(21.6) 26.492 <0.001*
    CURB-65评分 0(0,1) 1(1,2) −5.467 <0.001*
    NLR 3.98(2.20,8.97) 6.03(3.40,12.46) −3.183 0.001*
    CRP(mg/L) 26.65(3.83,92.64) 56.05(10.00,135.07) −2.837 0.005*
    PCT(ng/L) 0.08(0.04,0.31) 0.18(0.07,1.11) −3.900 <0.001*
    ALB(g/L) 36.15(31.60,40.40) 31.85(27.00,36.00) −5.114 <0.001*
    PA(mg/L) 162.50(116.00,227.25) 118.50(78.00,180.25) −4.522 <0.001*
    Na(mmol/L) 139.75(138.00,141.50) 140.00(136.73,142.98) −0.646 0.518
    K(mmol/L) 3.88(3.61,4,14) 3.76(3.36,4.09) −2.095 0.036*
    Ca(mmol/L) 2.14(2.01,2.26) 2.05(1.98,2.18) −3.266 0.001*
    P(mmol/L) 1.10(0.94,1.23) 1.03(0.78,1.18) −2.403 0.016*
    Mg(mmol/L) 0.86(0.80,0.91) 0.82(0.75,0.90) −2.276 0.023*
    Fe(μmol/L) 9.70(5.48,15.10) 8.90(5.48,13.15) −1.073 0.283
    GIU(mmol/L) 5.14(4.65,5.94) 8.35(6.24,12.48) −9.811 <0.001*
    PH 7.44(7.42,7.47) 7.45(7.41,7.47) −0.065 0.949
    PaO2(mmHg) 68.00(59.98,75.03) 67.95(57.55,75.68) −0.553 0.581
    PaCO2(mmHg) 33.25(30.18,37.00) 32.55(29.00,35.68) −1.576 0.115
    Lac(mmol/L) 1.40(1.00,1.90) 1.70(1.20,2.40) −3.661 <0.001*
      *P < 0.05。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  CAP+DM患者存活组和死亡组临床资料及化验指标比较[$ \bar x \pm s $/MP25P75)/n(%),d]

    Table  2.   Comparison of clinical data and laboratory indicators between the survival and death groups of CAP+DM patients[M(P25P75)/n(%),d]

    项目存活组(n =69)死亡组(n =19)χ2/Z/tP
    年龄(岁) 68(62,77) 79(64,85) −1.410 0.158
    男性 39(56.5) 14(73.7) 1.832 0.176
    吸烟史 19(27.5) 4(21.1) 0.075 0.784
    高血压 50(72.5) 14(73.7) 0.011 0.916
    冠心病 12(17.4) 7(36.8) 2.280 0.131
    抗生素使用天数 7(6,9) 6(4,7) −1.852 0.064
    无创通气天数 0(0,0) 6(3,7) −4.076 <0.001*
    入住ICU 5(7.2) 9(47.4) 15.053 <0.001*
    CURB-65评分 1(0,2) 2(2,3) −4.858 <0.001*
    NLR 4.48(2.67,9.71) 13.82(7.33,22.42) −3.767 <0.001*
    CRP(mg/L) 45.36(5.15,118.66) 117.31(51.52,179.39) −2.896 0.004*
    PCT(ng/L) 0.12(0.06,0.41) 1.14(0.38,3.19) −4.042 <0.001*
    ALB(g/L) 33.00(30.40,38.40) 26.60(24.40,29.50) −3.808 <0.001*
    PA(mg/L) 148.74±69.31 72.79±29.72 7.048 <0.001*
    Na(mmol/L) 140.00(136.80,142.35) 142.10(134.80,150.40) −1.156 0.248
    K(mmol/L) 3.79±0.58 3.62±0.63 1.134 0.260
    Ca(mmol/L) 2.08(2.00,2.21) 1.89(1.83,2.01) −3.526 <0.001*
    P(mmol/L) 1.07(0.84,1.20) 0.87(0.69,1.14) −1.369 0.171
    Mg(mmol/L) 0.82(0.77,0.90) 0.81(0.68,0.95) −0.441 0.659
    Fe(μmol/L) 9.80(6.60,13.70) 5.70(3.00,8.00) −3.230 0.001*
    GIU(mmol/L) 7.78(6.15,10.44) 12.76(6.81,16.17) −2.586 0.010*
    PH 7.45(7.41,7.47) 7.43(7.40,7.48) −0.350 0.726
    PaO2(mmHg) 68.00(60.35,74.40) 61.10(46.00,76.40) −1.065 0.287
    PaCO2(mmHg) 32.60(29.30,35.80) 32.20(27.00,35.70) −0.675 0.500
    Lac(mmol/L) 1.60(1.15,2.30) 2.10(1.46,3.10) −1.812 0.070
      *P < 0.05。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  CAP+DM患者住院期间死亡危险因素的 Cox回归分析(Forward LR法)

    Table  3.   Cox regression analysis of risk factors for mortality during hospitalization in CAP+DM patients (Forward LR method)

    危险因素βSEWaldPHR (95%CI
    NLR0.0410.0148.5170.004*1.042(1.014~1.072)
    PA−0.0160.0076.1730.013*0.984(0.971~0.997)
      *P < 0.05。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  NLR、PA对CAP+DM患者住院期间死亡的预测价值

    Table  4.   Predictive value of PA on hospitalization death in patients with CAP+DM

    变量AUC(95%CI截断值约登指数灵敏度特异度P
    NLR0.783(0.662~0.904)11.890.4730.6320.841<0.001*
    PA0.849(0.764~0.934)91.000.6540.8420.812<0.001*
      *P < 0.05。
    下载: 导出CSV
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    [20] 夏漾辉.  喉部真菌病致声嘶1例, 昆明医科大学学报.
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2023-10-10
  • 网络出版日期:  2024-02-22
  • 刊出日期:  2024-02-25

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