The Application Effect and Influencing Factors of Rapid Rehabilitation Techniques Combined with Damage Control Surgical Techniques in Patients with Multiple Injuries
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摘要:
目的 分析快速康复技术配合损伤控制在多发伤患者康复中的临床效果及其并发症发生情况,并探讨影响并发症发生的因素。 方法 收集昆明医科大学附属红河医院2020年10月至2022年11月间的108例多发伤患者临床资料,分为A组(55例)和B组(53例)。A组采用快速康复措施+损伤控制,B组采用常规康复措施+损伤控制。比较2组临床疗效、并发症发生情况及相关影响因素。 结果 A组在凝血功能、乳酸、体温恢复时间及术中出血量方面明显优于B组(P < 0.05),而手术时间则较长(P < 0.05)。A组术后ISS评分及Mb、CK、HMGB1水平均低于B组(P < 0.05)。A组并发症发生率(7例)低于B组(20例)(P < 0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,治疗康复措施是影响术后并发症的主要因素。 结论 快速康复技术配合损伤控制治疗多发伤患者具有较好的临床效果,可明显降低术后并发症发生率,其中良好的康复治疗方式是减少并发症的关键。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the clinical effects of rapid rehabilitation technology combined with injury control in the rehabilitation of patients with multiple injuries and the occurrence of complications, and to explore the factors affecting the occurrence of complications. Methods The clinical data of 108 patients with multiple injuries from October 2020 to November 2022 in Honghe Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University were collected and divided into group A (55 cases) and group B (53 cases). Group A was treated with rapid rehabilitation measures + injury control, group B was treated with conventional rehabilitation measures + injury control. The clinical efficacy, complications and related influencing factors were compared between the two groups. Results The blood coagulation function, lactic acid, temperature recovery time and intraoperative blood loss in group A were significantly better than those in group B (P < 0.05), but the operative time was longer (P < 0.05). Postoperative ISS score, Mb, CK and HMGB1 levels in group A were lower than those in group B (P < 0.05). The incidence of complications in group A (7 cases) was lower than that in group B (20 cases)(P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that treatment and rehabilitation measures were the main factors affecting the postoperative complications. Conclusion Rapid rehabilitation technology combined with injury control in the treatment of patients with multiple injuries has a good clinical effect and can significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, among which a good rehabilitation treatment is the key to reduce complications. -
表 1 损伤控制实施方法步骤
Table 1. Implementation methods and steps of injury control measures
步骤 方式方法 1 对于腹腔内大血管损伤、胃肠穿孔、肝脏破裂、胰腺损伤的患者,均进行手术治疗。其中肝脏破裂患者采取填塞、结扎等方式,不进行修补于切除;若存在腹腔内大血管损伤、胃肠穿孔则需在短时间内进行手术修补、温和,若存在胰腺损伤,需将胰十二指肠切除,闭锁胰管,不进行胃肠重建。患者在短时间内进行修补吻合。若患者存在胰腺损伤,需闭锁胰管切除胰十二指肠,不进行胃肠重建。若患者需进行二期手术,则不关闭腹腔。患者若存在致命性外伤,需立即进行修复手术,并关闭腹腔,进行止血治疗。 2 对于骨折患者,进行外固定治疗;对于腰椎爆裂导致椎管前受压的患者,首先进行简单的减压治疗,若存在大血管损伤,立即进行修补、血管吻合,手术过程中若难度较大,给予短期内插管治疗。 3 若患者出现脑疝,立即采用颅脑钻孔予以减压,确保患者机体功能处于正常状态,保证其生命,体征平稳、安全。 4 对于存在大出血的患者,对患者血管需立即进行缝合,并进行止血操作,避免患者发生大出血进一步加重机体损害。 表 2 快速康复实施方法步骤
Table 2. Methods and steps of rapid rehabilitation implementation
步骤 方式方法 1 患者入院后即在快速康复理念下开展术前宣教及心理疏导,予以多模式镇痛,增加患者舒适度。根据患者个体情况选择合适的麻醉方式。 2 在术后1~2 d内,患者应根据预定的功能锻炼计划,进行以限制活动为主的活动。在术后3~14 d内,笔者会指导患者进行呼吸功能锻炼、床上坐起及下床活动等,活动幅度由小到大,力度逐渐增强,次数逐渐增多。同时,会向患者及其家属发放有关疾病知识手册,其中包含健康内容,注意事项等,让其了解所需在意的内容及有关行为事项,并解答他们的疑虑。为了方便患者之间的交流和互相学习,我们会建立相关的病友健康群,并在群中按时提醒患者进行康复训练,提供指导和解答。 3 患者出院后,通过电话、门诊等方式每2周进行1次随访,持续8周,于患者出院后6个月对其进行最后1次随访,了解其伤口愈合情况,日常生活锻炼情况,并对其康复锻炼内容予以指导,嘱咐其定期复诊于后续主义事项。通过这种方式,能够及时了解患者的恢复情况,并提供必要的指导和支持,帮助患者更好地恢复健康。 表 3 2组患者围术期各项指标比较($ \bar x \pm s $)
Table 3. Comparison of perioperative indicators between two group patients($ \bar x \pm s $)
组别 n 凝血功能恢复时间(h) 乳酸恢复时间(h) 体温恢复时间(h) 手术时间(min) 术中出血量(mL) A组 55 12.75±2.86 12.53±2.42 8.74±1.25 190.75±34.36 1982.46±434.25 B组 53 16.85±3.74 15.96±2.74 12.85±1.63 170.36±34.59 2385.74±500.23 t / 6.415 6.902 14.733 3.073 4.479 P / <0.001* <0.001* <0.001* 0.003* <0.001* *P < 0.05。 表 4 2组患者各时点ISS评分、mb、CK、HMGB1水平比较($ \bar x \pm s $)
Table 4. Comparison of ISS scores,mb,CK,and HMGB 1 levels at each time point between two groups ($ \bar x \pm s $)
组别 术前术后
1d ISS
评分差值术前术后
7d ISS
评分差值术前术后1d
mb(μg/L)
评分差值术前术后7d
mb(μg/L)
评分差值术前术后1d
ck(U/L)
评分差值术前术后7d
ck(U/L)
评分差值术前术后1d
HMGB1(pg/mL)
评分差值术前术后7d
HMGB1(pg/mL)
评分差值A组 −8.60±5.35 −11.56±4.67 −187.33±103.47 −275.83±130.47 −426.16±317.40 −965.37±307.16 −0.69±0.75 −1.11±0.73 B组 −5.76±5.92 −8.95±5.05 −128.77±94.38 −128.77±94.38 −255.24±330.05 −666.91±335.35 −0.42±0.90 −0.53±0.83 t 2.616 2.788 3.069 3.898 2.743 4.826 1.693 3.828 P 0.010 0.006* 0.003* <0.001* 0.007* <0.001* 0.093 <0.001* *P < 0.05。 表 5 2组患者术后并发症发生情况及单因素分析[n(%)/($ \bar x \pm s $)]
Table 5. two occurrence of postoperative complications and univariate analysis[n(%)/($ \bar x \pm s $)]
因素 分类 未发生 发生 χ2/t P 治疗康复措施 A组 48(59.26) 7(25.93) 9.003 0.003* B组 33(40.74) 20(74.07) 性别 男 58(71.60) 19(70.37) 0.015 0.902 女 23(28.40) 8(29.63) 受伤类型 胸部损伤 18(22.22) 4(14.81) 4.352 0.361 四肢及盆骨骨折 26(32.10) 11(40.74) 合并颅脑损伤 19(23.46) 4(14.81) 脊柱骨折 12(14.81) 3(11.11) 腹部损伤 6(7.41) 5(18.52) 年龄(岁) 40.83±9.04 40.20±8.78 0.368 0.714 凝血功能恢复时间(h) 16.85±3.74 12.75±2.86 6.415 <0.001* 乳酸恢复时间(h) 15.96±2.74 12.53±2.42 6.902 <0.001* 体温恢复时间(h) 12.85±1.63 8.74±1.25 14.733 <0.001* 手术时间(min) 170.36±34.59 190.75±34.36 3.073 0.003* 术中出血量(mL) 2385.74±500.23 1982.46±434.25 4.479 <0.001* 术前ISS评分(分) 22.01±4.02 21.14±3.89 1.144 0.255 术前mb(μg/L) 891.35±65.15 887.68±6.12 0.297 0.767 术前CK(U/L) 1455.39±330.45 1450.53±310.96 0.079 0.937 术前HMGB1(mg/L) 2.55±0.70 2.51±0.68 0.298 0.766 *P < 0.05。 表 6 Logistic回归分析指标赋值情况
Table 6. Assignment of indicators in Logistic regression analysis
变量 变量类型 赋值情况 并发症 因变量 1=发生,2=未发生 治疗康复措施 分类变量 1=A组,2=B组 凝血功能恢复时间(h) 连续数值变量 / 乳酸恢复时间(h) 连续数值变量 / 体温恢复时间(h) 连续数值变量 / 手术时间(min) 连续数值变量 / 术中出血量(mL) 连续数值变量 / 表 7 导致并发症发生的Logistic回归分析
Table 7. The Logistic regression analysis leading to the occurrence of complications
变量 B S.E. Wald χ2 P OR OR 95%CI 治疗康复措施A组 2.224 1.079 4.247 0.039* 9.240 1.115~76.576 凝血功能恢复时间 0.081 0.071 1.319 0.251 1.084 0.944~1.245 乳酸恢复时间 0.001 0.093 0.000 0.989 1.001 0.835~1.201 体温恢复时间 0.074 0.165 0.202 0.653 1.077 0.78~1.487 手术时间 −0.002 0.007 0.096 0.756 0.998 0.984~1.012 术中出血量 0.000 0.001 0.232 0.630 1.000 0.999~1.001 *P < 0.05。 -
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