The Relationship between T Lymphocyte Subsets and Pathological Characteristics of Acute Myeloid Leukemia and the Value of Predicting Chemotherapy Prognosis
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摘要:
目的 分析外周血T淋巴细胞亚群水平与急性髓系白血病(acute myeloid leukemia,AML)患者病理特征的关系及对化疗预后的预测价值。 方法 选取2017年4月至2022年4月北京航天总医院80例AML患者作为研究组,另选同期性别、年龄匹配的80例健康志愿者作为对照组。比较2组一般资料、外周血T淋巴细胞亚群(CD4+/CD8+、CD3+、CD4+)水平,比较研究组不同病理特征患者化疗前外周血T淋巴细胞亚群水平。并比较研究组不同预后患者临床资料、外周血T淋巴细胞亚群水平,分析AML预后不良的影响因素,分析外周血T淋巴细胞亚群预测AML预后不良的价值。 结果 与对照组比较,研究组化疗前外周血CD4+/CD8+、CD3+、CD4+水平明显降低(P < 0.05);研究组NPM1突变阳性、FMS样酪氨酸激酶受体3-内部串联重复(FLT3-ITD)突变阳性、危险分层为低中风险患者外周血CD4+/CD8+、CD3+、CD4+水平分别高于NPM1突变阴性、FLT3-ITD阴性、危险分层为高风险患者(P < 0.05);研究组预后不良患者年龄、危险分层高风险占比高于预后良好患者,化疗前外周血CD4+/CD8+、CD4+、CD3+水平低于预后良好患者(P < 0.05);年龄、危险分层、化疗前外周血CD4+/CD8+、CD3+、CD4+水平均为AML患者预后不良的影响因素(P < 0.05);化疗前外周血CD4+/CD8+、CD3+、CD4+预测AML预后不良的曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)分别0.702、0.738、0.759。 结论 AML患者外周血CD4+/CD8+、CD3+、CD4+水平降低,与NPM1突变、FLT3-ITD突变、危险分层有关,且在预测AML预后不良方面具有一定预测价值。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the relationship between the level of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets and the pathological characteristics of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), as well as its prognostic value for chemotherapy. Methods A total of 80 patients with AML in Beijing Aerospace General Hospital from April 2017 to April 2022 were selected as the study group, and 80 healthy volunteers matched for gender and age were selected as the control group. The general data and peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets levels (CD4+/CD8+, CD3+ and CD4+) of the two groups were compared, and the peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets levels of patients with different pathological characteristics in the study group before the chemotherapy were compared.The clinical data and peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets of patients with the different prognosis were compared in the study group, and the influencing factors of poor prognosis of AML were analyzed, and the value of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets in predicting poor prognosis of AML was analyzed. Results Compared with the control group, the levels of peripheral blood CD4+/CD8+, CD3+ and CD4+ in the study group before the chemotherapy were significantly decreased (P < 0.05); the levels of CD4+/CD8+, CD3+ and CD4+ in peripheral blood of patients with positive NPM1 mutation, positive FLT3-ITD mutation, and low-risk stratification were higher than those of patients with negative NPM1 mutation, negative FLT3-ITD mutation, and high-risk stratification, respectively (P < 0.05); The age and high-risk stratification of the poor prognosis patients in the research group were higher than those of the good prognosis patients, and the levels of CD4+/CD8+, CD3+ and CD4+ in peripheral blood before chemotherapy were lower than those of the good prognosis patients (P < 0.05); Age, risk stratification, CD4+/CD8+, the CD3+ and CD4+ levels in peripheral blood before the chemotherapy were all factors influencing poor prognosis in AML patients (P < 0.05); The areas under the curve (AUC) of CD4+/CD8+, CD3+ and CD4+ in peripheral blood before the chemotherapy for predicting poor prognosis in AML were 0.702, 0.738, and 0.759, respectively. Conclusion The decrease in CD4+/CD8+, CD3+ and CD4+ levels in peripheral blood of AML patients is associated with NPM1 mutation, FLT3-ITD mutation and risk stratification, and has certain predictive value in predicting poor prognosis of AML. -
Key words:
- Acute myeloid leukemia /
- T lymphocyte subsets /
- Prognosis /
- Forecast
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表 1 2组一般资料、外周血T淋巴细胞亚群水平比较[($\bar x \pm s $)/n(%)]
Table 1. Comparison of general information,peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subset levels between the 2 groups [($\bar x \pm s $)/n(%)]
组别 n 男 年龄(岁) 体重指数(kg/m2) CD3+(%) CD4+(%) CD8+(%) CD4+/CD8+ 研究组 80 48(60.00) 57.63±8.12 23.61±1.85 51.46±3.89 29.64±6.28 23.50±3.96 1.26±0.23 对照组 80 42(52.50) 55.94±7.86 23.35±1.92 69.86±3.41 49.15±5.74 24.48±4.32 2.01±0.28 t/χ2 0.914 1.338 0.872 31.814 20.510 1.496 18.513 P 0.339 0.183 0.384 <0.001* <0.001* 0.137 <0.001* *P < 0.05。 表 2 不同病理特征患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群水平比较($ \bar x \pm s $)
Table 2. Comparison of peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subset levels in patients with different pathologic features ($\bar x \pm s $)
病理特征 组别 n CD3+(%) CD4+(%) CD8+(%) CD4+/CD8+ C反应蛋白(mg/L) <5.25 36 52.03±3.56 30.18±5.74 22.86±3.51 1.32±0.25 ≥5.25 44 50.99±3.29 29.20±5.59 24.02±3.74 1.22±0.22 t 1.356 0.771 1.419 1.902 P 0.179 0.443 0.160 0.061 白细胞计数(109个/L) <10 25 52.56±3.28 30.41±5.36 22.96±3.34 1.32±0.24 ≥10 55 50.96±3.40 29.29±5.72 23.75±3.85 1.23±0.22 t 1.972 0.827 0.885 1.649 P 0.052 0.411 0.379 0.103 红细胞计数(1012个/L) <2 21 52.40±3.15 30.32±5.18 22.91±3.27 1.32±0.25 ≥2 59 51.13±3.51 29.40±5.57 23.71±3.79 1.23±0.22 t 1.461 0.662 0.859 1.553 P 0.148 0.510 0.393 0.215 血小板计数(109个/L) <100 68 51.73±3.64 29.85±5.62 23.26±3.84 1.28±0.23 ≥100 12 49.93±3.08 28.45±5.11 24.86±3.19 1.14±0.21 t 1.612 0.806 1.361 1.967 P 0.111 0.423 0.178 0.053 NPM1突变 阳性 14 53.81±3.12 34.17±5.20 23.26±3.21 1.46±0.20 阴性 66 50.96±3.57 28.68±5.59 23.55±3.76 1.21±0.23 t 2.768 3.376 0.268 3.772 P 0.007* 0.001* 0.789 <0.001* FLT3-ITD突变 阳性 12 54.13±3.04 34.62±5.06 23.16±3.17 1.49±0.20 阴性 68 50.99±3.62 28.76±5.68 23.68±3.64 1.21±0.22 t 2.830 3.344 0.464 4.115 P 0.006* 0.001* 0.644 <0.001* 危险分层 低中风险 57 55.34±3.58 32.41±5.77 23.19±3.76 1.40±0.24 高风险 23 41.84±3.21 22.78±5.18 24.24±2.21 0.94±0.19 t 15.706 6.949 1.252 8.203 P <0.001* <0.001* 0.214 <0.001* *P < 0.05。 表 3 不同预后患者临床资料、外周血T淋巴细胞亚群水平比较[($\bar x \pm s $)/n(%)]
Table 3. Comparison of clinical data,peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subset levels in patients with different prognoses [($ \bar x \pm s $)/n(%)]
项目 预后不良(n=15) 预后良好(n=63) t/χ2 P 男性 8(53.33) 39(61.90) 0.372 0.542 年龄(岁) 63.47±7.69 55.92±8.24 3.228 0.002* 体重指数(kg/m2) 23.84±1.75 23.56±1.81 0.542 0.590 C反应蛋白(mg/L) 1.000 0.317 <5.25 5(33.33) 30(47.62) ≥5.25 10(66.67) 33(52.38) 白细胞计数(×109个/L) 0.005 0.943 <10 5(33.33) 19(30.16) ≥10 10(66.67) 44(69.84) 红细胞计数(×1012个/L) 0.089 0.765 <2 4(26.67) 17(26.98) ≥2 11(73.33) 46(73.02) 血小板计数(×109个/L) 0.101 0.751 <100 12(80.00) 55(87.30) ≥100 3(20.00) 8(12.70) NPM1突变 2.694 0.101 阳性 0(0.00) 14(22.22) 阴性 15(100.00) 49(77.78) FLT3-ITD突变 2.072 0.150 阳性 0(0.00) 12(19.05) 阴性 15(100.00) 51(80.95) 危险分层 10.521 0.001* 低中风险 6(40.00) 53(84.13) 高风险 9(60.00) 10(15.87) CD3+(%) 46.37±2.94 52.67±3.63 6.242 <0.001* CD4+(%) 25.81±4.76 30.55±5.72 2.970 0.004* CD8+(%) 24.12±2.19 23.35±3.81 0.751 0.455 CD4+/CD8+ 1.07±0.20 1.31±0.24 3.583 0.001* *P < 0.05。 表 4 AML预后不良的影响因素分析
Table 4. Analysis of factors influencing poor prognosis in AML
变量 B Sb Wald P OR 95%CI 下限 上限 年龄 0.786 0.318 6.110 0.009* 2.195 1.245 3.869 危险分层 1.581 0.493 10.289 <0.001* 4.862 2.013 11.742 CD3+(%) −0.921 0.305 9.109 <0.001* 0.398 0.186 0.853 CD4+(%) −1.064 0.372 8.180 0.001* 0.345 0.159 0.749 CD4+/CD8+ −0.846 0.269 9.880 <0.001* 0.429 0.201 0.917 赋值:预后不良,否=0,是=1;危险分层,低中风险=1,高风险=2;年龄、外周血CD3+、CD4+/CD8+、CD4+水平均连续变量,原值代入;*P < 0.05。 表 5 外周血T淋巴细胞亚群预测AML预后不良的价值(%)
Table 5. Value of peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subsets in predicting poor prognosis in AML(%)
指标 AUC 95%CI 截断值 敏感度 特异度 P CD3+ 0.702 0.587~0.800 48.01 66.67 71.43 <0.001* CD4+ 0.738 0.626~0.831 26.92 46.67 92.06 <0.001* CD4+/CD8+ 0.759 0.649~0.849 1.15 93.33 55.56 <0.001* *P < 0.05。 -
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