Epidemiological Investigation and Risk Factors Analysis of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome in 329 Children with Burn
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摘要:
目的 探究烧伤患儿临床流行病学特征及发生全身炎症反应综合征(systemic inflammatory response syndrome,SISR)危险因素,为SIRS早期诊断及预防提供参考。 方法 昆明医科大学第二附属医院烧伤科2020年1月至2022年12月收治入院符合纳入标准的烧伤患儿329例,以病例对照的方法回顾性分析其临床资料。统计患儿年龄、性别、致伤原因、受伤季节、烧伤总面积、III度烧伤面积、院前急救方式,入院首次血清学检查:超敏C反应蛋白(c-reactionProtein,CRP)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)、凝血酶原时间(prothrombin time,PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(activated partial thromboplastin,APTT)、凝血酶时间(thrombin time,TT)、纤维蛋白原(fipinogen,FIB)、D-二聚体(D-dimer,DD)及血糖水平。根据改良全身炎症反应综合征评分标准,将患儿分为SIRS组150例和非SIRS组179例,进行流行病学调查并分析筛选烧伤患儿发生SIRS的危险因素。 结果 (1)≥2岁且<6岁年龄组患儿烧伤发生率最高,各年龄组患儿性别构成比分析,差异无统计学意义(χ2 = 3.480,P = 0.326);(2)中度烧伤患儿最多,共217例(65.9%)。各年龄组患儿烧伤程度构成比分析,差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 10.841,P < 0.05);(3)热液烫伤患儿最多,共277例(84.2%)。对各年龄分组患儿与致伤因素构成比分析,差异有统计学意义(H=49.144,P < 0.05);(4)患儿冬季烧伤发生率30.39%(100/329),高于其他季节。不同年份烧伤患儿受伤季节分布构成比分析,差异具有统计学意义(χ2 = 25.390,P < 0.05);(5)烧伤患儿烧伤后近半数未进行处理,占46.8%。其次是进行不当处理,占38%。正确处理病例数仅有50例,占15.2%;伤后入院时间≤8 h组病例数占半数以上,占66.3%,其次是>12 h且≤24 h,占15.2%。而>24 h且≤72 h占比最低,仅占8.8%;(6)筛选出烧伤指数、血糖水平、超敏C反应蛋白、白细胞介素-6、降钙素原、凝血酶原时间(P均< 0.05)为烧伤患儿发生全身炎症反应综合征的独立危险因素,血清学指标和烧伤指数与全身炎症反应综合征发生均呈正相关。 结论 昆明医科大学第二附属医院收治的住院烧伤患儿主要为2岁以上6岁以下中度热液烫伤男童,血清学检查及烧伤指数联合改良SIRS评分能够提高烧伤后评估SIRS发生的特异性,为临床中SIRS诊断及早期预防提供较高的临床参考价值。 Abstract:Objective To explore the clinical epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in children with burns, so as to provide a reference for the early diagnosis and prevention of SIRS. Methods A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 329 children with burns who were admitted to the Burn Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 2020 to December 2022 and met the inclusion criteria was conducted using a case-control method. The age, gender, cause of injury, season of injury, total burn area, area of third-degree burns, pre-hospital first aid methods, and first serum examination upon admission of the children were statistically analyzed. The serum markers encompassed C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), procalcitonin (PCT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen (FIB), D-dimer (DD), and blood glucose level. According to the modified SIRS scoring criteria, the children were divided into a SIRS group (150 cases) and a non-SIRS group (179 cases). An epidemiological survey was conducted and the risk factors for the occurrence of SIRS in children with burns were analyzed. Results (1) The incidence of burns in children aged ≥2 and <6 years was the highest in this study. The gender composition ratio of children in each age group was analyzed, and the difference was not statistically significant (χ2 = 3.480, P = 0.326). (2)Moderate burns were the most common, accounting for 217 cases (65.9%). The difference in the degree of burns among age groups was statistically significant (χ2=10.841, P < 0.05). (3) There were 277 cases of hot liquid burns (84.2%). The composition ratio of the cause of injury in children of different age groups was analyzed, and the difference was statistically significant (H=49.144, P < 0.05). (4) The incidence of burns in children in winter was 30.39% (100/329), which was higher than in other seasons. The distribution of the season of injury in children with burns in different years was analyzed, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 25.390, P < 0.05). (5) Nearly half of the children with burns in this survey did not receive treatment after the burn, accounting for 46.8%. The second most common was improper treatment, accounting for 38%. There were only 50 cases of correct treatment, accounting for 15.2%. In this survey, the number of cases in the group with a time of admission ≤8h after injury accounted for more than half, accounting for 66.3%, followed by >12 h and ≤24 h, accounting for 15.2%. The proportion of >24 h and ≤72 h was the lowest, accounting for only 8.8%. (6) The burn index, blood glucose levels, c-reactionProtein, Interleukin-6, procalcitonin, and prothrombin time were identified as independent risk factors for SIRS in children with burns (all P < 0.05), with serological indicators and the burn index showing a positive correlation with the occurrence of SIRS. Conclusion The hospitalized children with burns treated at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University are mainly boys with moderate hot liquid burns aged over 2 and under 6 years. The combination of serum examination and burn index with the modified SIRS score can improve the specificity of assessing the occurrence of SIRS after burns, and provide a high clinical reference value for the diagnosis and early prevention of SIRS in clinical practice. -
Key words:
- Burns /
- Child /
- Systemic inflammatory response syndrome /
- Epidemiology
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表 1 各年龄组住院治疗烧伤儿童性别分布[n(%)]
Table 1. Gender distribution of hospitalized burn children in different age groups [n (%)]
年龄组 例数 男性 女性 ≥1月且<2岁 133(40.4) 80(60.2) 53(39.8) ≥2岁且<6岁 143(43.5) 84(58.7) 59(41.3) ≥6岁且<13岁 33(10.0) 21(63.6) 12(36.4) ≥13岁且≤18岁 20(6.1) 16(80.0) 4(20.0) 总计 329 201(61.1) 128(38.9) 表 2 各年龄组烧伤儿童烧伤程度分布[n(%)]
Table 2. Distribution of burn severity in children with burns in different age groups [n (%)]
年龄组 轻度 中度 重度 特重 ≥1月且<2岁 8(33.3) 96(44.2) 14(29.8) 15(36.6) ≥2岁且<6岁 5(20.8) 94(43.3) 22(46.8) 22(53.7) ≥6岁且<13岁 8(33.3) 19(8.8) 5(10.6) 1(2.4) ≥13岁且≤18岁 3(12.5) 8(3.7) 6(12.8) 3(7.3) 总计 24(7.3) 217(65.9) 47(14.3) 41(12.5) 表 3 各年龄组烧伤患儿致伤因素分布[n(%)]
Table 3. Distribution of injury factors in burn children in different age groups [n(%)]
年龄组 热液烫伤 火焰烧伤 接触高温热金属 化学烧伤 电击伤 热压伤 ≥1月且<2岁 121(43.7) 11(26.2) 0 0 1(50.0) 0 ≥2岁且<6岁 127(45.8) 14(33.3) 0 2(40.0) 0 0 ≥6岁且<13岁 20(7.2) 11(26.2) 0 1(20.0) 1(50.0) 0 ≥13岁且≤18岁 9(3.2) 6(14.3) 2(100.0) 2(40.0) 0 1(100.0) 总计 277(84.2) 42(12.8) 2(0.6) 5(1.5) 2(0.6) 1(0.3) 表 4 各年份住院治疗烧伤儿童受伤季节分布[n(%)]
Table 4. Distribution of seasons of injury in hospitalized burn children in different years [n(%)]
年份 春季(3~5月) 夏季(6~8月) 秋季(9~11月) 冬季(12~2月) 例数 2020年 31(21.7) 29(20.3) 38(26.6) 45(31.5) 143(43.5) 2021年 24(35.8) 14(20.9) 4(6.00) 24(37.3) 67(20.4) 2022年 23(19.3) 44(37.0) 22(18.5) 30(25.2) 119(36.2) 总计 78(23.7) 87(26.4) 65(19.5) 100(30.4) 329 表 5 烧伤患儿院前急救方式分布[n(%)]
Table 5. Distribution of pre-hospital emergency measures in burn children [n(%)]
处理方法 例数 未处理 154(46.8) 正确处理 50(15.2) 不当处理 125(38.0) 总计 329 注:正确处理方式包括伤后立即冷水冲洗或消毒后使用烧伤一线治疗药物;不当处理方式包括外涂草药、生活用品(如:芦荟、牙膏及鸡蛋)或非正确用药(如:外用红花油、红霉素软膏等)。 表 6 烧伤患儿伤后入院时间分布[n(%)]
Table 6. Distribution of post-injury admission time in burn children [n (%)]
入院时间 例数 ≤8 h 218(66.3) >8 h且≤12 h 32(9.7) >12 h且≤24 h 50(15.2) >24 h且≤72 h 29(8.8) 总计 329 表 7 2组烧伤患儿72 h内入院相关临床资料比较[n(%)]
Table 7. Comparison of relevant clinical data on admission within 72 hours in two groups of burn children[n(%)]
因素 例数 非SIRS组 SIRS组 χ2 P 年龄组 133 ≥1月且<2岁 88(66.16) 45(33.83) 22.646 <0.001* 143 ≥2岁且<6岁 76(53.15) 67(46.85) 33 ≥6岁且<13岁 8(24.24) 25(75.76) 20 ≥13岁且≤18岁 7(35.00) 13(65.00) 低血容量性休克 33 是 9(27.27) 24(72.73) 10.887 <0.001* 296 否 17(57.43) 126(42.57) *P < 0.05。 表 9 影响烧伤患儿发生SIRS相关因素的Logistic回归分析结果
Table 9. Logistic regression analysis results of factors influencing the occurrence of SIRS in burn children
因素 B S Wald P OR OR 的 95%CI 下限 上限 年龄组 ≥1月且<2岁 −2.19 0.677 10.491 <0.001* 0.112 0.030 0.421 ≥2岁且<6岁 −1.727 0.649 7.087 0.007* 0.167 0.045 0.613 ≥6岁且<13岁 0.289 0.749 0.149 0.677 1.373 0.310 6.080 ≥13岁且≤18岁 0b — — — 1 — — 烧伤指数 0.165 0.059 7.698 0.006* 1.176 1.046 1.323 血糖 0.205 0.059 12.229 <0.001* 1.229 1.094 1.381 CRP 0.015 0.006 6.331 0.012* 1.016 1.003 1.028 IL-6 0.011 0.004 6.641 0.010* 1.011 1.002 1.019 PCT 0.252 0.103 5.991 0.014* 1.276 1.044 1.560 PT 0.767 0.162 22.524 <0.001* 2.105 1.530 2.895 注:0b表示以此为基准,“—”表示无此项。 表 8 2组烧伤患儿72 h内入院相关临床资料比较
Table 8. Comparison of relevant clinical data on admission within 72 hours in two groups of burn children
因素 非SIRS组M(P25,P75) SIRS组M(P25,P75) z P 血糖 4.98(4.51,5.84) 6.67(5.5,11.3) −9.754 <0.001* 烧伤指数 4.5(3.5,6.0) 6.0(4.4,11.0) −5.512 <0.001* 超敏C反应蛋白 2.92(0.76,20.6) 6.07(0.77,29.26) −3.016 0.003* 白细胞介素-6 20.19(9.47,43.23) 38.49(16.70,107.5) −5.216 <0.001* 降钙素原 0.14(0.07,0.41) 0.91(0.21,3.32) −8.716 <0.001* 凝血酶原时间 12.00(11.50,12.80) 13.35(12.60,14.30) −9.355 <0.001* 活化部分凝血活酶时间 27.50(25.70,30.20) 30.55(27.47,35.15) −5.977 <0.001* 与非SIRS组临床资料比较,*P < 0.05。 -
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