Domestication and Biological Characteristics of a Vero Cell Line in Suspension Culture
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摘要:
目的 将贴壁培养的Vero细胞驯化成悬浮培养细胞，并对其生物学特性进行研究。 方法 采用无血清培养和“摇床适应法”对细胞进行培养优化，对其进行成瘤性、短串联重复序列（short tandem repeat，STR）分析、透射电子显微镜形态，以及对流感病毒敏感性检测。 结果 成功建立悬浮细胞系Vero-S，Vero-S细胞生长期在24～72 h，平台期在108～144 h之间，衰退期在144 h以后，细胞PDT为36 h，细胞密度在14.01～14.88×108个/L之间，细胞平均圆度在0.73～0.75之间，细胞直径在12.12～14.44 µm之间。Vero-S细胞在裸鼠皮下形成肿瘤，而悬浮培养前的Vero细胞不具有成瘤性；STR显示为猴源细胞系；电镜下细胞结构完整；Vero-S细胞对流感病毒感染不敏感。 结论 悬浮细胞系Vero-S细胞的生长经历与贴壁细胞类似的生长期、平台期、衰退期，且细胞大小均一，建立的悬浮培养基能够支持Vero-S细胞高密度生长。STR结果表明悬浮Vero细胞具有完全的遗传稳定性，透射电镜下与贴壁Vero细胞无明显区别。为细胞悬浮驯化培养技术提供参考价值，并可用于细胞致肿瘤的机理研究。 Abstract:Objective To domesticate adherently cultured Vero cells into suspension-cultured cells and investigate their biological characteristics. Methods Cell culture was optimized using serum-free media and the "shaker adaptation method." Additionally, tumorigenicity, short tandem repeat （STR） profiles, morphological characters under transmission electron microscope （TEM）, and influenza virus sensitivity were analyzed in these cells. Results Suspension cell line Vero-S was successfully established. The growth period of Vero-S cells ranged from 24 to 72 hours, with a plateau phase between 108 and 144 hours, and a decline phase after 144 hours. The population doubling time （PDT） was 36 hours, and cell density ranged from 14.01 to 14.88 × 108 cells/L. Average cell roundness ranged from 0.73 to 0.75, and cell diameter ranged from 12.12 to 14.44 µm. Vero-S cells formed tumors subcutaneously in nude mice, while Vero cells before suspension culture did not exhibit tumorigenicity. STR analysis indicated a primate origin of the cell line. Under electron microscopy, cell structure appeared intact. Vero-S cells showed insensitivity to influenza virus infection. Conclusion The established suspension cell line Vero-S exhibiting growth patterns similar to adherent cells, with uniform cell size and high-density growth supported by the established suspension culture medium. STR results demonstrated complete genetic stability of suspended Vero cells, with no apparent differences observed under transmission electron microscopy compared to adherent Vero cells. This study provides reference for suspension culture domestication techniques and can be applied in mechanistic studies of cell tumorigenicity. -
图 2 Vero细胞驯化期间形态（400×）
A：Vero细胞驯化40 d形态； B：Vero细胞驯化60 d形态； C：Vero细胞驯化70 d形态。
Figure 2. Morphology of Vero cells during adaptation period （400×）
图 3 Vero-S细胞生物学特征
A：Vero-S细胞生长曲线；B：Vero-S细胞形态（400×）。
Figure 3. Morphology of Vero-S cells
图 4 Vero-S cells的STR位点基因分型图
A：D1S518位点基因型为15/16； B：D5S1467位点基因型为10； C：D4S2408位点基因型为16/17； D：D6S1017位点基因型为10/11； E：D8S1106位点基因型为12； F：D17S1304位点基因型为14/15； G：D19S245位点基因型为21； H：DYS389位点基因型为12。
Figure 4. STR loci genotyping chart of Vero-S cells
图 5 Vero细胞电镜图片
A1～A3：不同视野下贴壁培养的Vero细胞形态； B1：1500倍电镜下Vero-S细胞形态； B2～B3：3000倍电镜下不同视野的Vero-S细胞形态。
Figure 5. Electron microscopy image of Vero cells
图 6 成瘤性检查裸鼠情况
A：接种悬浮前的Vero细胞（P150）的裸鼠未出现肿瘤； B：接种人二倍体KMB17细胞的裸鼠未出现肿瘤； C1～C6：接种悬浮培养的Vero-S细胞的6只裸鼠均出现不同大小的肿瘤。
Figure 6. Tumorigenicity assessment in nude mice
表 1 Vero-S细胞的STR位点基因分型结果
Table 1. Results of STR loci genotyping for Vero-S cells
STR位点 等位基因1 等位基因2 重复次数 重复次数 D1S518 191.04 194.99 15 16 D4S2408 346.03 349.93 16 17 D5S1467 180.06 10 D6S1017 354.84 358.7 10 11 D8S1106 134.07 12 D17S1304 210.15 214.31 14 15 D19S245 245.76 21 DYS389 328.29 12 
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