Comparison of Effect of Microscopic Surgery via Different Approaches in Treatment of Young Patients with Severe Hypertensivebasal Ganglia Hemorrhage
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摘要:
目的 探究不同入路显微镜手术治疗青年重症基底节区高血压脑出血(HBGH)的疗效比较。 方法 回顾性分析安康市中心医院神经外科于2016年1月至2024年1月收治的青年重症HBGH患者,按照手术入路方式不同分为侧裂组(显微镜下经侧裂入路血肿清除术)与颞中回组(显微镜下经颞中回入路血肿清除术),根据倾向性匹配评分法(卡钳值0.02)排除混杂因素,每组各获得40例患者。对比2组患者血肿清除率、围手术期指标(手术时间、术中失血量、住院时间、再出血率)、并发症发生率、术前及术后3个月血清指标[神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、S-100蛋白]、术后3个月预后情况(GOS)及术后3、6个月症状改善情况[改良Rankin量表(mRS)、生活活动能力(ADL)]。 结果 术后24 h内,侧裂组血肿清除率显著优于颞中回组(P < 0.05);2组手术时间及再出血率差异不显著(P > 0.05),而侧裂组术中失血量、住院时间显著低于颞中回组(P < 0.05);2组并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05);术后3个月,2组患者NSE、S100均显著下降(P < 0.05),且侧裂组显著低于颞中回组(P < 0.05);术后3个月,侧裂组GOS分级显著优于颞中回组(P < 0.05);术后3、6个月,2组患者mRS逐渐降低(P < 0.05),ADL逐渐上升(P < 0.05),侧裂组患者mRS显著低于颞中回组(P < 0.05),侧裂组患者ADL显著高于颞中回组(P < 0.05)。 结论 相比经颞中回入路,经侧裂入路血肿清除术治疗重症HBGH血肿清除率更高,手术时间及失血量更少,患者预后更好,值得应用。 -
关键词:
- 重症基底节区高血压脑出血 /
- 血肿清除术 /
- 开颅术
Abstract:Objective To compare the effect of different approaches of microscopic surgery in the treatment of severe hypertensivebasal ganglia hemorrhage (HBGH) in young patients. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on young patients with severe HBGH admitted to the department of Neurosurgery of Ankang Central Hospital from July 2017 to June 2023. According to the different surgical approaches, the patients were divided into a lateral fissure group (microscopic hematoma removal via lateral fissure approach) and a middle temporal gyrus group (microscopic hematoma removal via middle temporal gyrus approach). According to the propensity matching score method (caliper=0.02), the confounding factors were excluded, and 40 patients were obtained in each group. The hematoma clearance rate, perioperative indicators (surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay, re-hemorrhage rate), incidence rates of complications, preoperative and postoperative serum indicators at 3 months [neuron specific enolase (NSE), S-100 protein], prognosis status (GOS)at 3 months after surgery and symptom improvement [modified Rankin scale (mRS), activity of daily living (ADL)] at 3 and 6 months after surgery were compared between the two groups. Results Within 24 hours after surgery, the hematoma clearance rate in lateral fissure group was significantly better than that in the middle temporal gyrus group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the surgical time and re-hemorrhage rate between both groups (P > 0.05), but the intraoperative blood loss and hospital stay in the lateral fissure group were significantly less or shorter than those in the middle temporal gyrus group (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups (P > 0.05). At 3 months after surgery, NSE and S100 in both groups of patients significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the lateral fissure group was significantly lower than the middle temporal gyrus group (P < 0.05). After 3 months of surgery, the GOS grading of the lateral fissure group was significantly better than that of the middle temporal gyrus group (P < 0.05). At 3 and 6 months after surgery, the mRS in the two groups decreased gradually (P < 0.05) while the ADL increased gradually (P < 0.05). The mRS in the lateral fissure group was significantly lower (P < 0.05) while the ADL was significantly higher than that in the middle temporal gyrus group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Compared with the middle temporal gyrus approach, the lateral fissure approach in the treatment of severe HBGH has a higher hematoma removal rate, shorter surgical time, less blood loss and better prognosis of patients. -
表 1 2组患者基线资料对比[n(%)/$\bar x \pm s$]
Table 1. Comparison of baseline data between two groups of patients[n(%)/$\bar x \pm s $]
项目 侧裂组(n=40) 颞中回组(n=40) χ2/t P 性别 男 23(57.50) 25(62.50) 0.208 0.648 女 17(42.50) 15(37.50) 平均年龄(岁) 40.54±3.51 40.17±3.74 0.456 0.649 平均病程(月) 8.51±1.56 8.74±1.97 0.579 0.564 血肿量(mL) 55.21±6.14 54.79±6.06 0.308 0.759 GCS(分) 5.69±1.05 5.73±1.12 0.165 0.870 出血侧别 左 20(50.00) 22(55.00) 0.201 0.654 右 20(50.00) 18(45.00) 平均收缩压(mmHg) 160.25±7.43 159.33±7.02 0.569 0.571 平均舒张压(mmHg) 105.54±5.67 104.84±5.31 0.570 0.570 血糖(mmol/L) 8.21±0.46 8.15±0.44 0.596 0.553 脑出血时间窗(h) 8.21±1.83 8.35±1.87 0.338 0.736 表 2 2组患者血肿清除率[n(%)]
Table 2. Hematoma clearance rate in two groups of patients[n(%)]
组别 n >90% 50%~89% <50% 侧裂组 40 25(62.50) 15(37.50) 0(0.00) 颞中回组 40 16(40.00) 23(57.50) 1(2.50) Z 2.066 P 0.039* *P < 0.05。 表 3 2组患者围手术期指标对比[$\bar x \pm s $/n(%)]
Table 3. Comparison of perioperative indicators between two groups of patients[$\bar x \pm s $/n(%)]
组别 n 手术时间(min) 术中失血量(mL) 住院时间(d) 再出血率 侧裂组 40 195.86±35.15 235.49±45.58 14.84±3.95 2(5.00) 颞中回组 40 198.41±39.59 203.52±38.39 16.98±4.02 3(7.50) t/χ2 0.305 3.393 2.402 0.213 P 0.716 0.001* 0.019* 0.644 *P < 0.05。 表 4 2组患者并发症发生率对比[n(%)]
Table 4. Comparison of incidence of complications between two groups of patients[n(%)]
组别 n 癫痫 失语 脑水肿 总发生率 侧裂组 40 0(0.00) 1(2.50) 1(2.50) 2(5.00) 颞中回组 40 2(5.00) 2(5.00) 2(5.00) 6(15.00) χ2 2.222 P 0.136 表 5 2组患者血清指标对比($\bar x \pm s$,μg/mL)
Table 5. Comparison of serum indexes between two groups ($ \bar x \pm s$,μg/mL)
组别 n NSE(μg/mL) S100(μg/mL) 术前 术后3个月 术前 术后3个月 侧裂组 40 28.57±3.07 11.56±2.41# 1.75±0.33 0.74±0.17# 颞中回组 40 29.04±3.24 14.21±2.86# 1.81±0.39 1.02±0.24# t 0.658 4.433 0.735 5.970 P 0.513 <0.001* 0.465 <0.001* *P < 0.05;与术前相比,#P < 0.05。 表 6 2组患者GOS分级对比[n(%)]
Table 6. Comparison of GOS grading between two groups of patients[n(%)]
组别 n Ⅰ级(死亡) Ⅱ级(植物生存) Ⅲ级(重度残疾) Ⅳ级(轻度残疾) Ⅴ级(恢复良好) 侧裂组 40 0(0.00) 1(2.50) 5(12.50) 20(50.00) 14(35.00) 颞中回组 40 2(5.00) 4(10.00) 12(30.00) 16(40.00) 6(15.00) Z 3.086 P 0.002* *P < 0.05。 表 7 2组患者症状改善情况($\bar x \pm s $,分)
Table 7. Symptom improvement in two groups of patients ($ \bar x \pm s $,points)
组别 n mRS ADL 术后3个月 术后6个月 术后3个月 术后6个月 侧裂组 40 2.05±0.36 1.26±0.25# 54.14±4.54 62.43±9.53# 颞中回组 38 2.30±0.42 1.40±0.34# 51.84±5.42 58.15±8.36# t 2.827 2.079 2.036 2.104 P 0.006* 0.041* 0.045# 0.039* *P < 0.05;与术后3个月相比,#P < 0.05。 -
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