Toxicity Differences of Amanita Manginiana in Seven Villiages in Yunnan Province
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摘要:
目的 对比云南省7个县村的隐花青鹅膏对小鼠肝脏和肾脏的毒性差异。 方法 将昆明小鼠随机分为7组，每组细分为6 h、3 d、7 d、14 d，4个时间点组，每个时间组包含5只小鼠。采用云南省7个县村的隐花青鹅膏进行灌胃实验，对照组（0 h）使用等量的生理盐水进行灌胃。在每次灌胃后不同时间点抽取眼球进行取血，检测血清中谷氨酰转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、尿酸（UA）水平。同时称量小鼠肝脏和肾脏，测定其肝脏、肾脏指数，并利用HE染色观察肝、肾组织的情况。 结果 牟定县余丁村（MDYD）和禄劝县永翠村（LQYC）组的隐花青鹅膏对小鼠肝脏和肾脏造成急性损伤。在灌胃后6 h，小鼠血清生化指标开始上升，到第7天达到峰值，第14天开始下降，显示出损伤趋于缓解（P < 0.05）。而腾冲市东华村（TCDH）组和禄劝县永翠村（LQYC）组的隐花青鹅膏仅对小鼠肝脏有损害，在第14天后血清中AST、ALT和UA水平依然呈上升趋势，表明该地区的隐花青鹅膏对肝脏影响时间较长（P < 0.05）。鹤庆县磨光村（HQMG）组、南涧县德安村（NJDA）组以及牟定县高平村（MDGP）组的隐花青鹅膏对小鼠肝脏和肾脏都造成损伤，且在第14天后血清中AST、ALT和UA水平呈持续增高趋势（P < 0.05），显示出小鼠的肝脏和肾脏损害并未出现改善。 结论 云南省不同县村的隐花青鹅膏均存在不同程度的肝脏、肾脏毒性，对肝肾有潜在危害，建议在食用隐花青鹅膏时谨慎对待。 Abstract:Objective Compare the toxic effects of Amanita Manginiana from seven different regions in Yunnan Province on the livers and kidneys of mice. Methods The Kunming mice were randomly divided into 7 groups, each subgrouped into 6 h, 3 d, 7 d, and 14 d time points, with 5 mice in each time group. The experiment involved gastric lavage using Yunnan's Amanita Manginiana from 7 villages from different counties, with the control group （0 h） receiving an equivalent amount of saline lavage. Blood samples were taken from the eyes at different time points after each lavage to measure levels of alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, aspartate aminotransferase （AST）, and uric acid （UA） in the serum. The mice's liver and kidney weights were measured, their liver and kidney indices determined, and liver and kidney tissues were observed using HE staining. Results The Amanita Manginiana from Yuding Village, Mouding County （MDYD）, and Yongcui Village, Luquan County （LQYC）, caused acute damage to the livers and kidneys of mice. Within 6 hours of gavage, the mice's serum biochemical indicators began to rise, peaking on the 7th day, and started to decline by the 14th day, indicating a trend towards recovery of the damage （P < 0.05）. However, the Amanita Manginiana from Donghua Village, Tengchong City （TCDH）, and Yongcui Village, Luquan County （LQYC）, only damaged the livers of mice. Even after the 14th day, the levels of AST, ALT, and UA in the serum continued to rise, indicating a longer-lasting impact of the local Amanita Manginiana on the liver （P < 0.05）. The Amanita Manginiana from Moguang Village, Heqing County （HQMG）, Dean Village, Nanjian County （NJDA）, and Gaoping Village, Mouding County （MDGP）, caused damage to both the livers and kidneys of mice. After the 14th day, the levels of AST, ALT, and UA in the serum continued to increase （P < 0.05）, showing that the damage to the mice's liver and kidneys did not improve. Conclusion Amanita Manginiana from different villages in Yunnan Province contains varying levels of liver and kidney toxicity, posing a potential risk to the liver and kidneys. It is advisable to exercise caution when consuming Amanita Manginiana. -
Key words:
- Amanita manginiana /
- Hepatotoxicity /
- Renal toxicity /
- Yunnan
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图 1 隐花青鹅膏灌胃后对小鼠肝脏组织的影响（HE染色，×400）
黑色箭头显示较正常细胞；黄色箭头显示细胞出现疏松水肿；蓝色箭头显示细胞出现空泡样变。
Figure 1. Effect of Amanita manginiana on liver tissue of mice （HE staining，×400）
图 2 隐花青鹅膏灌胃后对小鼠肝脏组织的影响（HE染色，×400）
黄色箭头显示细胞出现疏松水肿；蓝色箭头显示细胞出现空泡样变;红色箭头显示近曲小管管腔内蛋白质样物质。
Figure 2. Effect of Amanita manginiana on kidney tissue of mice （HE staining，×400）
表 1 隐花青鹅膏灌胃后昆明小鼠肝脏脏器指数（$ \bar x \pm s $，n = 5）
Table 1. Liver organ index of Kunming mice after intragastric administration of Amanita manginiana（$ \bar x \pm s $，n = 5）
组别 0 min 6 h 3 d 7 d 14 d F P MDYD 5.04±0.4 4.24±0.73 5.25±0.23★▲ 5.55±0.96★ 5.09±0.31★ 6.623 0.0003 *LFGC 5.04±0.4 4.69±0.63★ 5.77±0.62★ 5.65±0.49★ 5.12±0.31▲ 6.269 0.0002 *HQMG 5.04±0.4 4.12±0.49★▲ 5.27±0.38▲ 6.02±1.05★▲ 4.57±0.56 7.270 0.0005 *TCDH 5.04±0.4 3.95±0.24★▲ 5.18±0.19▲ 5.24±0.28 4.90±0.18 14.04 < 0.0001 *MDGP 5.04±0.4 3.89±0.30★▲ 4.97±0.29▲ 5.02±0.04 4.94±0.26 11.78 < 0.0001 *NJDA 5.04±0.4 4.19±0.21★▲ 5.04±0.62▲ 4.28±0.70★▲ 5.05±0.28▲ 4.554 0.0067 *LQYC 5.04±0.4 3.86±0.24★▲ 4.46±0.29★▲ 5.15±0.36▲ 4.66±0.32▲ 11.13 < 0.0001 *F 1.000 2.339 5.991 3.632 2.649 P 0.4334 0.0508 0.0002 *0.0060 *0.0302 **P < 0.05；与0 min组比较，★P < 0.05；与同一地点的前一时间点比较，▲P < 0.05。 
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表 2 隐花青鹅膏灌胃后昆明小鼠肾脏脏器指数（$ \bar x \pm s $，n = 5）
Table 2. Renal organ index of Kunming mice after intragastric administration of Amanita manginiana（$ \bar x \pm s $，n = 5）
组别 0 min 6 h 3 d 7 d 14 d F P MDYD 1.09±0.08 1.08±0.09 1.14±0.07 1.13±0.18 1.16±0.07 0.6203 0.6496 LFGC 1.09±0.08 1.17±0.15 1.17±0.13 1.18±0.11★ 1.11±0.11 1.666 0.1744 HQMG 1.09±0.08 0.94±0.16 0.96±0.05 1.14±0.22▲ 0.90±0.02★▲ 3.518 0.0207 *TCDH 1.09±0.08 0.96±0.04★▲ 1.00±0.11 0.99±0.06 1.01±0.06 1.526 0.2249 MDGP 1.09±0.08 1.06±0.10 1.00±0.07 1.03±0.03 1.01±0.05 0.8217 0.5237 NJDA 1.09±0.08 0.99±0.07 0.95±0.06★ 0.82±0.12★▲ 0.94±0.09★▲ 6.629 0.0009 *LQYC 1.09±0.08 1.02±0.03 1±0.07 0.92±0.02★▲ 0.96±0.02★ 5.241 0.0033 *F 1.000 3.868 6.619 5.540 10.87 P 0.4334 0.0041 *< 0.0001 *0.0003 *< 0.0001 **P < 0.05；与MDYD组比较，与0 min组比较，★P < 0.05；与同一地点的前一时间点比较，▲P < 0.05。
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表 3 云南不同县村的隐花青鹅膏灌胃后不同时间点血清AST、ALT和UA的变化（$ \bar x \pm s $，n = 5）
Table 3. Changes in serum AST，ALT，and UA at different time points after intragastric administration of Amanita manginiana in different regions of Yunnan（$ \bar x \pm s $，n = 5）
组别 生化指标 0 min 6 h 3 d 7 d 14 d F P MDYD AST（U/L） 102.69±4.14 120.99±4.62eg★▲ 123.94±5.51d★▲ 145.43±2.79cdefg★ 132.39±3.77bd★▲ 95.05 < 0.0001 *ALT（U/L） 66.8±3.3 76.96±2.63★▲ 84.31±2.16deg★ 90.66±1.64cdefg★ 75.07±3.48bcdeg★ 82.19 < 0.0001 *UA（μmol/L） 17.1±0.7 19.43±0.68deg★▲ 21.32±0.61deg★▲ 21.32±0.68cdefg★ 17.99±0.79bef★▲ 50.11 < 0.0001 *LFGC AST（U/L） 102.69±4.14 120.53±5.46eg★▲ 131.05±6.07cd★ 137.28±3.42acdf★▲ 110.49±3.97adeg★▲ 62.44 < 0.0001 *ALT（U/L） 66.8±3.3 79.33±2.51★▲ 85.21±2.79deg★▲ 87.43±2.2adef★▲ 85.59±2.91adf★▲ 68.32 < 0.0001 *UA（μmol/L） 17.1±0.7 19.6±0.71deg★▲ 21.36±1.02deg★▲ 21.58±0.7cdefg★ 19.94±0.81ag★▲ 41.54 < 0.0001 *HQMG AST（U/L） 102.69±4.14 114.56±4.35eg★▲ 116.85±5.71bdf★ 109.17±6.54abd★▲ 122.7±5.68de★▲ 15.34 < 0.0001 *ALT（U/L） 66.8±3.3 77.34±2.85★▲ 80.83±3.43d★ 86.05±3.23def★▲ 93.01±3.02abfg★▲ 66.90 < 0.0001 *UA（μmol/L） 17.1±0.7 19.62±0.86dg★▲ 21.29±0.68deg★▲ 16.73±0.78abe▲ 19.2±0.72e★▲ 37.54 < 0.0001 *TCDH AST（U/L） 102.69±4.14 122.62±4.5eg★▲ 137.56±2.97aceg★▲ 153.01±4.68bcefg★▲ 150.22±4.32abcfg★ 182.2 < 0.0001 *ALT（U/L） 66.8±3.3 83.65±4.65★▲ 95.93±3.85abcefg★▲ 100.72±1.75abcefg★▲ 99.39±2.23abfg★ 139.9 < 0.0001 *UA（μmol/L） 17.1±0.7 16.03±1.13abcef*▲ 16.39±0.89abcef 17.65±0.85abe▲ 17.62±1.02ef 3.378 0.0243 *MDGP AST（U/L） 102.69±4.14 106.98±4.4abdf★ 121.97±5.24d★▲ 128.95±6.49cdf★▲ 141.33±4.07bcfg★▲ 68.84 < 0.0001 *ALT（U/L） 66.8±3.3 72±4.44abcdg▲ 75.42±2.64abcd★ 73.52±3.68abdg★ 98.22±3.84abcfg★▲ 67.13 < 0.0001 *UA（μmol/L） 17.1±0.7 17.34±0.83abcdf 18.32±0.67abcdfg★▲ 20.18±0.38abcdfg★▲ 21.49±0.77acdg★▲ 44.35 < 0.0001 *NJDA AST（U/L） 102.69±4.14 126.03±3.99abcdf★▲ 134.46±5.28cg★▲ 109.21±6.03abde★▲ 121.83±4.97bde★▲ 47.70 < 0.0001 *ALT（U/L） 66.8±3.3 75.83±2.68★▲ 82.2±1abcdg★▲ 71.8±1.99cde★▲ 78.55±3.45abcdrg★▲ 32.04 < 0.0001 *UA（μmol/L） 17.1±0.7 19.58±0.28dg★▲ 21.69±0.98dfg★▲ 17.24±0.75abe▲ 20.87±0.99adg★▲ 47.66 < 0.0001 *LQYC AST（U/L） 102.69±4.14 102.82±3.61abce 115.86±5.96bdf★▲ 118.42±6.62abd★ 125.16±3.84bde★▲ 25.94 < 0.0001 *ALT（U/L） 66.8±3.3 76.82±2.52★▲ 77.42±2.76df 81.62±3.73acde★▲ 82.95±2.49acdef★ 33.30 < 0.0001 *UA（μmol/L） 17.1±0.7 16.2±0.98abcf★▲ 15.88±0.76abcef★ 16.51±0.54abe 17.24±0.8bef 3.411 0.0234 *AST
（U/L）F 1.000 18.62 13.04 71.70 63.30 P 0.4334 < 0.0001 *< 0.0001 *< 0.0001 *< 0.0001 *ALT
（U/L）F 1.000 6.697 30.77 65.88 57.98 P 0.4334 < 0.0001 *< 0.0001 *< 0.0001 *< 0.0001 *UA
（μmol/L）F 1.000 25.89 54.69 72.43 21.78 P 0.4334 < 0.0001 *< 0.0001 *< 0.0001 *< 0.0001 *与MDYD组比较，aP < 0.05；与LFGC比较，bP < 0.05；与HQMG比较，cP < 0.05；与TCDH比较，dP < 0.05；与MDGP比较，eP < 0.05；与NJDA比较，fP < 0.05；与LQYC比较，gP < 0.05。与0 min组比较，★P < 0.05；与同一地点的前一时间点比较，▲P < 0.05；*P < 0.05。
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