Prevalence of Hypertension and Its Relationship with Clustering of Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases in The Elderly of Han Majority and Ha Ni Ethnic Minority in Rural District of Mojiang County of Yunnan Province
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摘要:
目的 分析云南农村汉族和哈尼族老年人高血压的流行现状及与心血管病危险因素聚集性的关系。 方法 采用多阶段随机抽样的方法从墨江哈尼族自治县≥60岁农村常住的老年人群中分别抽取 1413 名汉族和1402 名哈尼族老年人进行问卷调查和体格检查。结果 云南农村汉族和哈尼族老年人高血压患病率分别为64.5%和63.4%;女性、家庭人均年收入高和医疗服务可及性好的老年人高血压患病率均是汉族高于哈尼族,而医疗服务可及性差的老年人高血压患病率则是汉族低于哈尼族(P < 0.05)。汉族和哈尼族老年人高血压患病率均随着年龄的增加而升高(P < 0.05)。心血管疾病危险因素聚集率在汉族和哈尼族老年人中分别为90.4%和86.9%,汉族略高于哈尼族(P < 0.05);其中在女性、家庭人均年收入高和医疗服务可及性好的老年人中,心血管病危险因素聚集率汉族高于哈尼族(P < 0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,心血管病危险因素聚集(OR = 1.590,95%CI:1.101~2.296,P = 0.013)是汉族老年人高血压的危险因素;且在汉族和哈尼族中,存在4种(汉族:P = 0.016,哈尼族P = 0.029)或≥5种(哈尼族:P < 0.001,哈尼族P < 0.001)心血管疾病危险因素聚集的个体相较于不存在心血管疾病危险因素聚集的个体具有更高的高血压患病危险性。 结论 云南农村汉族和哈尼族老年人高血压患病率和心血管病危险因素聚集率均处于较高水平,应重点关注存在多个心血管疾病危险因素聚集的个体,减少心血管病危险因素聚集数量有助于降低高血压的患病危险性。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the prevalence of hypertension and its relationship with the clustering of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases(CVD) in the elderly of Han majority and Ha Ni ethnic minority in rural districts of Yunnan Province. Methods The multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to select 1413 Han majority participants and1402 Ha Ni ethnic minority participants aged ≥60 years from Mo Jiang Hani Autonomous County, respectively, and each participant received a questionnaire survey and physical examination.Results The prevalence of hypertension was 64.5% for Han majority and 63.4%for Ha Ni ethnic minority. Female Han older adults, Han older adults with higher annual income and good medical service accessibility had a higher prevalence of hypertension than Ha Ni ethnic minority counterparts (all P < 0.05), while Han older adults with poor medical service accessibility had a lower prevalence of hypertension than Ha Ni ethnic minority counterparts (P < 0.05). Prevalence of hypertension increased with age for both ethnicities (all P < 0.05). The prevalence of clustering of CVD risk factors was 90.4% and 86.9%among Han majority and Ha Ni ethnic minority, respectively, which was higher in the Han majority than in the Ha Ni ethnic minority (P < 0.05). Compared with the Ha Ni ethnic minority elderly. Female Han older adults, Han older adults with higher annual income and good medical service accessibility had a higher prevalence of clustering of CVD risk factors (all P < 0.01). The result of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the clustering of CVD risk factors was a risk factor for hypertension in the elderly of Han majority (OR = 1.590, 95%CI: 1.101~2.296, P = 0.013); In addition, for both Han majority and Ha Ni ethnic minority older adults, the individuals with 4(Han: P = 0.016, Ha Ni: P = 0.029) or ≥5 (Han: P < 0.001, Ha Ni: P < 0.001) CVD risk factors had higher prevalence of hypertension than those without clusters of cardiovascular disease risk factors. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension and clustering of CVD risk factors are both at a high level in Han majority and Ha Ni ethnic minority elderly in rural Yunnan Province, the individuals with multiple risk factors should be targeted as a priority population for intervention reducing the number of clusters of CVD risk factors is helpful to decrease the risk of hypertension. -
Key words:
- Han majority /
- Ha Ni ethnic minority /
- Hypertension /
- Risk factor /
- Clustering /
- Rural area
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表 1 云南墨江县农村汉族和哈尼族老年人的基本人口学特征[n(%)]
Table 1. Demographic characteristics of Han majority and Ha Ni ethnic minority elderly in rural district of Mo Jiang county,Yunnan province[n(%)]
特征 汉族
(n =1413 )哈尼族
(n =1402 )χ2 P 性别 0.084 0.772 男性 686(48.5) 673(48.0) 女性 727(51.5) 729(52.0) 年龄组(岁) 71.298 < 0.001* 60~64 227(16.1) 409(29.2) 65~69 465(32.9) 420(30.0) 70~74 367(26.0) 295(21.0) ≥75 354(25.1) 278(19.8) 受教育程度 137.946 < 0.001* 文盲 558(39.5) 864(61.6) 小学及以上 855(60.5) 538(38.4) 家庭年人均收入 11.695 0.001* 低 742(52.5) 826(58.9) 高 671(47.5) 576(41.1) 医疗服务的可及性 64.186 < 0.001* 好 809(57.3) 591(42.2) 差 604(42.7) 811(57.8) 总计 1413 (100)1402 (100)*P < 0.05。 表 2 云南墨江县农村汉族和哈尼族老年人高血压患病情况
Table 2. Prevalence of hypertension between Han majority and Ha Ni ethnic minority elderly in rural district of Mo Jiang county,Yunnan province
特征 汉族 哈尼族 人数(n) 患病率 (%) 标化患病率(%) 人数(n) 患病率 (%) 标化患病率(%) 性别 男 421 61.4b 60.7ab 444 66.0 66.6 女 490 67.4a 67.1a 445 61.0 61.8 年龄组(岁) 60~64 136 59.9 59.9 230 56.3 56.3 65~69 280 60.2 60.2 259 61.7 61.7 70~74 243 66.2 66.2 206 69.8 69.8 ≥75 252 71.2c 71.2c 194 69.8c 69.8c 文化程度 文盲 351 62.9 62.7 544 63.0 63.8 小学及以上 560 65.5 64.8 345 64.1 64.6 家庭年人均收入 低 448 60.4b 60.0b 523 63.3 64.1 高 463 69.0 68.5 366 63.5 64.4 医疗服务可及性 差 337 55.8ab 55.5ab 517 63.7 64.7 好 574 71.0a 70.4a 372 62.9 63.4 合计 911 64.5 64.0 889 63.4 64.2 与哈尼族比较,aP < 0.05,与同民族不同特征组比较,bP < 0.05,χ2趋势检验cP < 0.05。 表 3 云南墨江县农村汉族和哈尼族老年人心血管病危险因素聚集情况[n(%)]
Table 3. Prevalence of CVD risk factors between Han majority and Ha Ni ethnic minority elderly in rural Mo Jiang county,Yunnan province[n(%)]
特征 汉族 哈尼族 聚集人数
(聚集率)标化
聚集率(%)聚集数量 聚集人数
(聚集率)标化
聚集率(%)聚集数量 2个 3个 4个 ≥5个 2个 3个 4个 ≥5 性别 男 629
(91.7)91.7 121
(17.6)153
(22.3)157
(22.9)198
(28.9)626
(93.0)93.0b 95
(14.1)177
(26.3)180
(26.7)174
(25.9)b女 649
(89.3)a89.2a 138
(19.0)184
(25.3)162
(22.3)165
(22.7)a592
(81.2)81.2 187
(25.7)216
(29.3)122
(16.7)67
(9.2)年龄(岁) 60~64 204
(89.9)89.9 33
(14.5)43
(18.9)54
(23.8)74
(32.6)a358
(87.5)87.5 82
(20.0)114
(27.9)89
(21.8)73
(17.8)65~69 424
(91.2)91.2 82
(17.6)112
(24.1)111
(23.9)119
(25.6)365
(86.9)86.9 72
(17.1)111
(26.4)102
(24.3)80
(19.0)70~74 332
(90.5)90.5 70
(19.1)101
(27.5)77
(21.0)84
(22.9)252
(85.4)85.4 54
(18.3)89
(30.2)60
(20.3)49
(16.6)≥75 318
(89.8)89.8 74
(20.9)81
(22.9)77
(21.8)86
(24.3)a243
(87.4)87.4 74
(26.6)79
(28.4)51
(18.3)39
(14.0)文化程度 文盲 49
(88.2)b87.8b 124
(22.2)148
(26.5)116
(20.8)104
(18.6)b740
(85.6)85.7 199
(23.0)241
(27.9)184
(21.3)116
(13.4)b小学及以上 786
(91.9)92.0a 135
(15.8)189
(22.1)203
(23.7)259
(30.3)a478
(88.8)88.6 83
(15.4)152
(28.3)118
(21.9)125
(23.2)家庭年人均收入 低 655
(88.3)b88.3b 152
(20.5)194
(26.1)162
(21.8)147
(19.8)b722
(87.4)87.2 176
(21.3)219
(26.5)184
(22.3)143
(17.3)高 623
(92.8)a92.8a 107
(15.9)143
(21.3)157
(23.4)216
(32.2)a496
(86.1)86.3 106
(18.4)174
(30.2)118
(20.5)98
(17.0)医疗服务可及性 差 521
(96.3)b86.1b 134
(22.2)155
(25.7)125
(20.7)107
(17.7)b708
(87.3)87.3 156
(19.2)230
(28.4)171
(21.1)151
(18.6)好 757
(93.6)93.6a 125
(15.5)182
(22.5)194
(24.0)256
(31.6)a510
(86.3)86.1 126
(21.3)163
(27.6)131
(22.2)90
(15.2)合计 1278
(90.4)a90.4a 259
(18.3)337
(23.8)319
(22.6)363
(25.7)a1218 (86.9)86.8 282
(20.1)393
(28.0)302
(21.5)241
(17.2)与哈尼族比较,aP < 0.05,与同民族不同特征组比较,bP < 0.05。 表 4 心血管病危险因素聚集与高血压患病关系的logistic回归模型
Table 4. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of the relationship between the clustering of CVD risk factors and hypertension
变量 偏回归系数 标准误 Wald P OR 95%CI 汉族 是否存在危险因素聚集 0.464 0.187 6.113 0.013* 1.590 (1.101-2.296) (对照组:否) 哈尼族 是否存在危险因素聚集 0.279 0.164 2.883 0.090 1.321 (0.958-1.822) (对照组:否) *P < 0.05。 表 5 不同心血管病危险因素聚集数量与高血压患病关系的logistic回归模型
Table 5. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of the relationship between the different number of clustering of CVD risk factors and hypertension
变量 偏回归系数 标准误 Wald P OR 95%CI 汉族 不存在危险因素聚集 1 聚集2种危险因素 0.167 0.218 0.585 0.444 1.181 (0.771 − 1.810) 聚集3种危险因素 0.308 0.210 2.145 0.143 1.361 (0.901 − 2.054) 聚集4种危险因素 0.517 0.215 5.772 0.016* 1.676 (1.100 − 2.555) 聚集≥5种危险因素 0.909 0.219 17.200 < 0.001* 2.482 (1.615 − 3.813) 哈尼族 不存在危险因素聚集 1 聚集2种危险因素 0.204 0.194 1.09 0.295 1.226 (0.838 − 1.794) 聚集3种危险因素 0.080 0.182 0.191 0.662 1.083 (0.758 − 1.546) 聚集4种危险因素 0.421 0.193 4.751 0.029* 1.524 (1.043 − 2.226) 聚集≥5种危险因素 0.874 0.212 17.039 < 0.001* 2.397 (1.583 − 3.631) *P < 0.05。 -
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