Retrospective Cohort Study of Infliximab and Vederizumab in the Treatment of Moderate-to-severe Ulcerative Colitis
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摘要:
目的 比较英夫利西单抗(infliximab,IFX)及维得利珠单抗(vedolizumab,VDZ)在中重度溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative Colitis,UC)治疗中的疗效及安全性差异。 方法 回顾性收集自2020年01月至2023年12月于昆明医科大学第一附属医院确诊为中重度UC并使用IFX/VDZ治疗的患者110例,其中IFX治疗组55例,VDZ治疗组55例。记录患者在治疗前(0周)及治疗14周、30周、54周的临床症状、疾病活动相关指标、内镜表现以及治疗过程中发生的不良反应,分析2种药物对于中重度UC治疗的疗效及安全性是否存在差异。 结果 2组患者在各项基线指标之间无显著差异(P > 0.05);IFX治疗组的炎症指标(WBC、PLT、ESR、CRP)水平在第14周高于VDZ治疗组,营养指标ALB水平在第30周低于VDZ治疗组,其差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05);其余实验室指标在各随访节点之间的差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。IFX治疗组及VDZ治疗组的临床应答率在治疗第14周(81.8% vs 85.5%)、第30周(80.8% vs 92.5%)及第54周(91.3% vs 90.0%)无显著差异(P > 0.05);临床缓解率在治疗第14周(41.8% vs 49.1%)、第30周(50.0% vs 67.5%)及第54周(65.2% vs 63.3%)无显著差异(P > 0.05);内镜应答率在治疗第14周(54.3% vs 72.2%)、第30周(41.2% vs 73.3%)及第54周(60.0% vs 75.0%)无显著差异(P > 0.05);内镜缓解率在治疗第14周(34.3% vs 55.6%)及第54周(53.3% vs 54.2%)无显著差异(P > 0.05),IFX治疗组的内镜缓解率在治疗第30周(23.5% vs 73.3%)低于VDZ治疗组,其差异具有统计学意义(P = 0.005)。IFX治疗组与VDZ治疗组的失应答率在治疗14周至30周期间 (7.3% vs 1.8%)无显著差异(P > 0.05),IFX治疗组的失应答率在治疗第30周至54周期间(16.4% vs 0)高于VDZ治疗组,其差异具有统计学意义(P = 0.005);IFX治疗组及VDZ治疗组不良反应发生率(10.9% vs 5.5%)之间差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。 结论 在中重度UC的治疗中,IFX治疗组与VDZ治疗组在第14周、54周的临床应答率及临床缓解率、内镜应答率、内镜缓解率之间未观察到显著差异,在第30周IFX治疗组的内镜缓解率低于VDZ治疗组;维持治疗过程中IFX治疗组的失应答率高于VDZ治疗组,提示IFX治疗组可能存在更高的远期耐药率;两药物治疗过程中的不良反应发生率之间无显著差异。 Abstract:Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of Infliximab (IFX) and Vedolizumab (VDZ) in the treatment of moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods A total of 110 patients diagnosed with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis and treated with IFX/VDZ in the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 2020 to December 2023 were retrospectively collected. Including 55 in the IFX treatment group and 55 in the VDZ treatment group. Clinical symptoms, indicators related to disease activity, endoscopic manifestations and adverse reactions occurred during treatment were recorded before treatment (0 weeks) and 14, 30, and 54 weeks of treatment, and whether there were differences in the efficacy and safety of the two drugs in the treatment of moderate to severe UC was analyzed. Results There were no significant differences in baseline indexes between the two groups (P > 0.05). The levels of inflammatory indicators (WBC, PLT, ESR, CRP) in IFX treatment group were higher than those in VDZ treatment group at week 14, and the level of nutrition indicator ALB was lower than those in VDZ treatment group at week 30, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in other laboratory indexes among follow-up time points (P > 0.05). The clinical response rate of IFX treatment group and VDZ treatment group was not significantly different at week 14 (81.8% vs 85.5%), week 30 (80.8% vs 92.5%) and week 54 (91.3% vs 90.0%) (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in clinical response rate at week 14 (41.8% vs 49.1%), week 30 (50.0% vs 67.5%) and week 54 (65.2% vs 63.3%) (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in endoscopic response rate at week 14 (54.3% vs 72.2%), week 30 (41.2% vs 73.3%) and week 54 (60.0% vs 75.0%) (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the endoscopic remission rate at week 14 (34.3% vs 55.6%) and week 54 (53.3% vs 54.2%) (P > 0.05). The endoscopic remission rate at week 30 (23.5% vs 73.3%) in IFX treatment group was lower than that in VDZ treatment group, the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.005). There was no significant difference between IFX group and VDZ group (7.3% vs 1.8%) during 14 to 30 weeks of treatment (P > 0.05), and IFX group had higher non-response rate during 30 to 54 weeks of treatment (16.4% vs 0) than VDZ group. The difference was statistically significant (P = 0.005). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between IFX treatment group and VDZ treatment group (10.9% vs 5.5%) (P > 0.05). Conclusion During the treatment of moderate to severe UC, no significant difference was observed in the clinical response rate, clinical remission rate, endoscopic response rate and endoscopic remission rate between the IFX treatment group and the VDZ treatment group at week 14 and week 54, and the endoscopic remission rate in the IFX treatment group was lower than that in the VDZ treatment group at week 30. The non-response rateof IFX treatment group was higher than that of VDZ treatment group during maintenance treatment, suggesting that IFX treatment group may have a higher long-term drug resistance rate. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two drugs. -
Key words:
- Ulcerative colitis /
- Retrospective cohort study /
- Biological agent /
- Infliximab /
- Vedelizumab
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面肌痉挛是一种好发于中老年人,以一侧面部肌肉间断发作不自主抽搐为特点的颅神经疾病,其发病机制较为复杂,多认为与责任血管压迫面神经根出脑干区引起局部神经元脱髓鞘病变有关,通常仅限于单侧面部发病[1−2]。随着病情进行性发展,面肌痉挛抽搐范围多由眼轮匝肌扩散至面颊部,以口角抽搐最为明显,情绪波动、疲劳时症状易加重[3]。目前,面神经显微血管减压术是治疗面肌痉挛的最有效策略,具备微创、安全、有效率高等优点,能够有效对面部痉挛症状进行缓解[4]。然而,仍有部分患者存在术后症状未立即改善,可能需要经历几个月至几年延迟治愈的情况,使得患者对手术治疗有效性产生质疑并影响生活质量。因此,分析面肌痉挛延迟治愈的影响因素对手术治疗效果的提升及患者预后改善尤为重要。本研究使用面神经显微血管减压术对中重度面肌痉挛患者进行治疗,探讨其临床疗效以及延迟治愈影响因素。
1. 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
安康市中心医院神经外科收治的2018年5月至2023年5月接受面神经显微血管减压术治疗的中重度面肌痉挛患者共95例,筛选符合入排标准和配合随访的病例入组。纳入标准:(1)符合《面肌痉挛的中西医结合评定及疗效标准(草案)》[5]中面肌痉挛诊断标准;(2)符合《面肌痉挛显微血管减压术后延迟治愈临床分析》[6]中面肌痉挛中重度诊断标准;(3)肉毒素、药物等保守治疗方法无明显效果;(4)病情稳定;(5)术前核共振成像提示存在血管压迫面神经。排除标准:(1)合并面部神经类疾病及恶性肿瘤者;(2)存在手术禁忌症;(3)合并心肝肾等重要器官严重功能障碍;(4)处于哺乳期或妊娠期;(5)临床资料信息不全;(6)合并头颅内其他占位性病变。共筛选出入组患者60例,包括男性26例,女性34例,年龄范围32~50岁,平均年龄(43.80±3.31)岁,并根据临床疗效将其分为立即治愈组(n = 47)与延迟治愈组(n = 13)。本研究已通过安康市中心医院伦理委员会审查(2024.No.31)。
1.2 方法
患者均实施气管内插管全身麻醉,取侧俯卧位,头部朝健侧旋转约10° 、下垂约15° ,颈部稍微前屈,保持乳突位于术野最高点。均行枕下乙状窦后入路开颅,标记患侧耳后发际6~7 cm直切口,开直径约为2.0~2.5 cm的骨窗,当骨窗外上方接近乙状窦与横窦的交汇区时,“倒伞状”剪开硬脑膜,在显微镜下显露迷走神经和舌咽神经,同时解剖面神经根部蛛网膜,使其充分暴露,明确责任血管后,选取合适Teflon垫片在责任血管与神经间隙进行适当隔离,术毕关颅。术后给予常规治疗,并观察临床疗效,按照治愈时间对患者分组,立即治愈组典型术中图片见图1,延迟治愈组典型术中图片见图2。
1.3 观察指标
1.3.1 临床疗效[7]
立即治愈:术后当天面肌痉挛症状立即消失;延迟治愈:术后仍存在不同程度的面部痉挛症状,1 a内症状逐渐消失或完全缓解。
1.3.2 术后并发症
术后对所有患者进行1 a随访,统计术后并发症,包括感染、听觉障碍、低颅压综合征、面瘫四项,同时计算并发症发生率。
1.3.3 延迟治愈影响因素
根据患者临床疗效将其分为立即治愈组与延迟治愈组,对2组患者性别、年龄、病程、面肌痉挛侧别、是否长期口服卡马西平、高血压病史、症状严重程度、注射肉毒素情况、责任动脉、异常面肌反应(abnormal muscle response,AMR)监测情况、血管压迫程度进行单因素、多因素回归法,分析影响患者延迟治愈的因素。
1.4 统计学处理
采用SPSS20.0进行统计分析。计量资料以($\bar x \pm s $)表示,以t检验,计数资料以n(%)表示,以χ2检验,影响延迟治愈因素采用单因素及多因素Logistics回归分析。以P < 0.05 为差异有统计学意义。
2. 结果
2.1 临床疗效
60 例患者中,立即治愈47例(78.33%)、延迟治愈13 例(21.67%)。
2.2 术后并发症
60例患者中,术后发生感染2例、听觉障碍2 例、低颅压综合征1 例、面瘫2 例,并发症发生率为11.67%,经对症治疗后均3周内恢复正常,两组并发症发生率无差异,见表1。
表 1 延迟治愈的单因素分析[n(%)]Table 1. Single factor analysis of delayed cure group [n(%)]项目 立即治愈(n = 47) 延迟治愈(n = 13) t/χ2 P 性别 男 20(42.55) 6(46.15) 0.054 0.817 女 27(57.45) 7(53.85) 年龄(岁) 43.68±3.19 43.91±3.24 0.229 0.819 病程(a) 3.07±1.03 5.48±1.72 6.379 <0.001* 症状严重程度 中度 30(63.83) 3(23.08) 6.833 0.009* 重度 17(36.17) 10(76.92) 面部痉挛侧别 左 27(57.45) 7(53.85) 0.054 0.817 右 20(42.55) 6(46.15) 术后并发症 5(10.64) 2(15.38) 0.223 0.637 高血压病史 有 4(8.51) 2(15.38) 0.535 0.465 无 43(91.49) 11(84.62) 责任动脉 粗 22(46.81) 5(38.46) 0.287 0.592 细 25(53.19) 8(61.54) AMR监测 消失 23(48.94) 4(30.78) 1.626 0.444 部分消失 18(38.30) 6(46.15) 无变化 6(12.77) 3(23.08) 长期口服卡马西平 否 29(61.70) 4(30.77) 3.937 0.047* 是 18(38.30) 9(69.23) 注射肉毒素 否 28(59.57) 3(23.08) 5.432 0.020* 是 19(40.43) 10(76.92) 血管压迫程度 单一血管压迫 35(74.47) 3(23.08) 11.582 <0.001* 复合血管压迫 12(25.23) 10(76.92) *P <0.05。 2.3 延迟治愈的单因素分析
相较于延迟治愈组,立即治愈组病程更短、长期服用卡马西平比例更高、症状严重程度更低、注射肉毒素比例更高、单一血管压迫比例更高,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),见表1。
2.4 延迟治愈的多因素回归分析
以治疗效果为因变量,症状严重程度、长期口服卡马西平、病程、注射肉毒素、术中血管压迫程度为自变量,进行多因素Logistics回归分析,结果显示症状严重程度、病程、血管压迫程度是延迟治愈的独立影响因素,即患者症状越严重、病程越长以及复合血管压迫会导致临床出现延迟愈合,见表2。
表 2 延迟治愈的Logistics回归分析Table 2. Logistics regression analysis of delayed cure group变量 回归系数 标准误 Wald χ2 P 95%CI 病程(连续变量) 0.983 0.359 7.508 0.006 2.672 (1.323~5.398) 症状严重程度(分类变量) 2.558 1.158 4.883 0.027 12.911(1.335~124.838) 是否长期口服卡马西平(分类变量) −0.835 1.078 0.600 0.439 0.434 (0.052~3.590) 是否注射肉毒(分类变量) −0.065 1.110 0.003 0.954 0.937 (0.107~8.251) 血管压迫程度(分类变量) 2.368 1.186 3.990 0.046 10.678(1.046~109.062) 常量 −11.509 3.663 9.875 0.002 − 3. 讨论
3.1 面肌痉挛治疗现状
面肌痉挛是一种范围多由眼睑抽动向口角周围及面颊部发展,主要表现为一侧或双侧病灶区面部肌肉出现无意识反复发作的痉挛或抽动的常见病,甚至可出现口角歪斜、无法睁眼及耳内抽动样杂音,通常不可自然好转[8−9]。现代医学表明,面肌痉挛多由异常血管压迫面神经根处脑桥段发生神经脱髓鞘病变,使得神经纤维之间出现生物电短路所致,因此松解血管对面神经的压迫是治疗面肌痉挛的重点[10]。面神经显微血管减压术以此病因为基础,能够对面神经进行充分减压、修复脱髓鞘神经,临床效果好且安全性佳,现阶段在临床得以广泛应用[11]。大部分患者经过显微血管减压术治疗后痉挛症状能够立即消失,但仍有部分患者术后症状部分缓解,需要一段时间才能逐渐消失,这种情况即为延迟治愈。目前,显微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛术后延迟治愈的原因相关讨论较少,有观点[12]认为可能与面神经兴奋、髓鞘病变、血管压迫程度等因素有关,但数据较为缺乏。因此,本研究将中重度面肌痉挛患者作为研究对象,使用面神经显微血管术进行治疗,对其作用产生的临床疗效及延迟治愈影响因素进行分析与探讨。
3.2 本研究结果分析
本研究入组的60例中重度面肌痉挛患者中,47例为立即治愈,13例为延迟治愈,术后发生感染、听觉障碍、低颅压综合征、面瘫等并发症共7例,发生率为11.67%,经对症治疗后均3周内恢复正常,与符新等[6]研究结果相符。面神经显微血管减压术为创伤性手术,在观察面神经出脑干区操作过程中难免会对面神经主干及前庭蜗神经造成牵拉,同时在术中分离血管时可能使面部神经营养血管受到影响,从而引起并发症,因此在手术过程中应尽量减少对面神经的牵拉刺激[13]。
本研究Logistics回归分析结果显示,症状严重程度、病程、血管压迫程度是面肌痉挛延迟治愈的影响因素,与王墨[12]研究结果相符。其原因为,病史越长的患者,症状往往越重,神经压迫情况越明显,与单一血管相比,复合血管压迫更高,对面部神经干扰更大,更易引起局部脱髓鞘的病变恶化以及面神经运动核的过度兴奋;在接受显微血管减压术后,虽能一定程度改善患者症状,但面神经兴奋性与脱髓鞘病变的恢复与愈合需一定的时间适应,从而导致了延迟治愈情况的发生[14]。本研究中,使用肉毒素与卡马西平服用情况在延迟治愈组和立即治愈组比较中差异有统计学意义,但与延迟治愈并不具有相关性,无法确定是否为其影响因素,可能与入组人数较少,研究结果存在一定偏倚有关。此外,LI等[15]研究结果显示,AMR监测在面肌痉挛手术中也具有重要意义,能够通过AMR波形的变化对手术准确性进行评估,检查压迫血管是否有疏漏,减压是否到位,从而预估有无延迟治愈情况的发生,术后定期随访追踪患者的治疗效果。对于术后超过一年仍存在痉挛的患者,建议再次对责任血管进行排查,进行二次手术治疗。
综上所述,病程、症状严重程度、血管压迫程度是中重度面肌痉挛患者接受面神经显微血管减压术延迟治愈的影响因素,临床应密切监测以上指标并采取相应措施,使患者获取良好预后,提高生活质量。
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表 1 2治疗组患者基线特征比较[n(%)/$ \bar x \pm s $/ M(P25,P75)]
Table 1. Comparison of baseline characteristics between the two treatment groups[n(%)/$ \bar x \pm s $/ M(P25,P75)]
特征 IFX(n=55) VDZ(n=55) t/Z/χ2 P 性别 男 31(56.4) 28(50.9) 0.329 0.566 女 24(43.6) 27(49.1) 民族 汉族 49(89.1) 51(92.7) 0.440 0.507 少数民族 6(10.9) 4(7.3) 年龄(岁) 46.0±15.1 48.2±16.9 0.732 0.466 发病年龄(岁) 40(28,50) 39(27,53) 0.260 0.795 病程(a) 5(3,7) 6(3,11) 1.413 0.158 病变范围 直肠型(E1) 0(0.0) 2(3.6) − 0.177 左半结肠型(E2) 4(7.3) 8(14.5) 全结肠型(E3) 51(92.7) 45(81.8) 疾病活动度 中度活动 23(41.8) 18(32.7) 0.972 0.324 重度活动 32(58.2) 37(67.3) Mayo(0周)/分 11(10.0,12.0) 11(9.0,11.0) −1.812 0.07 营养指标 BMI(0周)/(kg/m2) 20.08(18.0,22.0) 20.70(18.3,22.8) 0.577 0.564 HB(0周)/(g/L) 118.6±25.5 112.4±34.4 1.065 0.289 ALB(0周)/(g/L) 34.4±6.3 35.7±7.5 −1.029 0.306 炎症指标 WBC(0周)/(109/L) 7.8±2.6 7.64±2.2 0.249 0.804 PLT(0周)/(109/L) 358.5±106.7 351.2±112.5 0.348 0.729 ESR(0周)/(mm/h) 30(19.0,46.0) 30(14.0,53.0) −0.185 0.853 CRP(0周)/(mg/L) 18.60(6.4,58.1) 12.40(3.1,45.7) −1.166 0.244 表 2 2治疗组各随访点营养指标比较[ M(P25,P75)/$ \bar x \pm s $]
Table 2. Comparison of nutritional indicators at each follow-up between the two treatment groups[ M(P25,P75)/$ \bar x \pm s $]
营养指标 时间 IFX VDZ t/Z P BMI(kg/m2) 14周 20.20(18.55,22.04) 21.30(19.33,23.44) 1.267 0.205 30周 20.26(19.11,22.33) 21.96(19.03,23.58) 0.828 0.408 54周 20.96(19.10,26.35) 21.00(18.59,22.78) 0.503 0.615 HB(g/L) 14周 132(100,146) 136(111,149) 1.273 0.203 30周 131(122,151) 133(117,146) 0.425 0.671 54周 139.78±24.04 131.77±26.54 1.134 0.262 ALB(g/L) 14周 38.38±5.17 40.06±5.10 1.666 0.099 30周 39.64±4.95 42.37±4.82 2.399 0.019* 54周 41.25(37.73,45.55) 44.10(39.60,46.10) 1.332 0.183 *P < 0.05。 表 3 2治疗组各随访点炎症指标比较[($ \bar x \pm s $)/ M(P25,P75)]
Table 3. Comparison of inflammatory indicators at each follow-up between the two treatment groups[($ \bar x \pm s $)/ M(P25,P75)]
炎症指标 时间 IFX VDZ t/Z P WBC(×109/L) 14周 6.06±1.96 7.00±2.09 2.400 0.018* 30周 6.28±2.04 6.31±1.63 0.088 0.930 54周 6.06±2.06 6.20±1.1.43 0.281 0.779 PLT(×109/L) 14周 290(257,379) 251(216,320) 2.021 0.043* 30周 290(238,388) 268(227,312) 1.409 0.159 54周 270(220,342) 265(228,338) 0.099 0.921 ESR(mm/h) 14周 30(10,42) 10(5,21) 3.106 0.002* 30周 22(9,31) 9(5,20) 1.537 0.124 54周 13.21±10.50 13.50±11.65 0.076 0.940 CRP(mg/L) 14周 4.00(1.03,12.87) 1.40(0.68,3.29) 2.882 0.004* 30周 3.58(1.10,12.73) 3.20(0.60,7.94) 1.435 0.151 54周 1.77(0.72,8.80) 1.42(0.59,7.04) 0.557 0.578 *P < 0.05。 -
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