Risk Assessment and Analysis of Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in HIV Antiviral Therapy Patients
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摘要:
目的 评估抗病毒逆转录治疗(anti-retroviral therapy,ART)患者心血管疾病(Cardiovascular disease,CVD)风险,了解昆明地区不同风险等级患者的差异情况,分析影响CVD的危险因素。 方法 2023年7至12月对已启动ART的患者调查问卷和收集相关资料,应用D:A:D模型评估风险并将评分分为低危组、中危组和高危组。χ2检验和秩和检验比较各因素组间差异,Logistic回归分析CVD影响因素。 结果 共纳入4 139例患者,低危组 3119 例(75.4%)、中高危组1020 例(24.6%)[中危组756例(18.3%)、高危组264例(6.3%)]。单因素Logistic回归分析结果为男性、年龄≥50岁、吸烟史、高血压史、CVD家族史、同性传播、消瘦、超重、肥胖、糖尿病史、血糖高值、大专及以上文化、血脂异常、ART≥10 a、CD4≥200(个/μL)、ART药物均与CVD风险≥10% 有关(均P < 0.05)。经多因素Logistic回归分析以上变量仅同性传播不具有统计学差异(P > 0.05)。结论 男性、年龄、合并非艾滋病定义性疾病(如糖尿病、高血压)、吸烟史、CVD家族史、超重、肥胖、ART超过10 a、血脂代谢异常、CD4细胞计数低和ART药物的患者CVD风险更高,在HIV全程管理中应重点监测血脂、血压和血糖等指标,评估患者CVD风险,及时干预和调整治疗方案。 Abstract:Objective To assess the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART), to understand the differences among patients with different risk levels in Kunming, and to analyze the risk factors affecting CVD. Methods From July to December 2023, a questionnaire was conducted with patients already on ART, and relevant data were collected. The D:A:D model was used to assess CVD risk, and patients were classified into low-risk, medium-risk, and high-risk groups. Chi-square tests and rank-sum tests were used to compare differences among groups, and logistic regression was performed to analyze factors influencing CVD. Results A total of 4, 139 patients were included, with 3, 119 (75.4%) in the low-risk group, 1, 020 (24.6%) in the medium- to high-risk groups [756 (18.3%) in the medium-risk group and 264 (6.3%) in the high-risk group]. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that being male, aged ≥50 years, having a history of smoking, hypertension, a family history of CVD, homosexual transmission, being underweight, overweight, or obese, having a history of diabetes, high blood glucose, higher education (college and above), dyslipidemia, ART duration ≥10 years, CD4 count ≥200 cells/μL, and use of ART drugs were all associated with a CVD risk ≥10% (all P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, among these variables, only same-sex transmission did not have a statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). Conclusion Male gender, older age, comorbid non-AIDS-defining illnesses (such as diabetes and hypertension), smoking history, family history of CVD, being overweight or obese, ART duration over 10 years, abnormal lipid metabolism, low CD4 cell count, and ART drug use are associated with higher CVD risk. Comprehensive HIV management should emphasize monitoring of lipid levels, blood pressure, and blood glucose to assess CVD risk, and timely intervention and treatment adjustments should be made. -
Key words:
- AIDS /
- HIV /
- Cardiovascular disease risk /
- D:A:D model /
- Risk factors
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表 1 HIV患者人口学特征比较[n(%)]
Table 1. Demographic Characteristics of HIV Patients [n(%)]
项目 低危组 中高危组 合计 χ2 P 总计 3119 (75.4)1020 (24.6)4139 性别 36.710 <0.001* 男性 1846 (59.2) 712(69.8) 2558 (61.8)女性 1273 (40.8)308(30.2) 1581 (38.2)年龄/岁 1184.287 <0.001* <50 2474 (79.3)204(20) 2678 (64.7)≥50 645 (20.7) 816(80) 1461 (35.3)教育程度 109.425 <0.001* 大专及以上 692 (22.2) 84(8.2) 776 (18.7) 中学 1745 (55.9)620(60.8) 2365 (57.1)小学及以下 682 (21.9) 316(31) 998 (24.1) 传播途径 122.930 <0.001* 异性传播 2320 (74.4)790(77.5) 3110 (75.1)同性传播 459 (14.7) 36(3.5) 495 (12) 注射毒品 292 (9.4) 159(15.6) 451 (10.9) 性+毒品 42 (1.3) 29(2.8) 71 (1.7) 其他 6 (0.2) 6(0.6) 12 (0.3) BMI(kg/m2) 26.357 <0.001* 消瘦 252 (8.1) 65(6.4) 317 (7.7) 正常 2007 (64.3) 593(58.1) 2600 (62.8)超重 710 (22.8) 286(28) 996 (24.1) 肥胖 150 (4.8) 76(7.5) 226 (5.5) 吸烟史 341.784 <0.001* 是 1248 (40)748(73.3) 1996 (48.2)否 1871 (60) 272(26.7) 2143 (51.8)高血压史 233.08 <0.001* 是 218 (7) 249(24.4) 467 (11.3) 否 2901 (93)771(75.6) 3672 (88.7)CVD家族史 58.656 <0.001* 是 163 (5.2) 125(12.3) 288 (7) 否 2956 (94.8)895(87.7) 3851 (93)糖尿病史 309.330 <0.001* 已诊断糖尿病 31 (1) 116(11.4) 147 (3.6) 血糖高值 85 (2.7) 83(8.1) 168 (4.1) 否 3003 (96.3)821(80.5) 3824 (92.4)BMI:体质量指数;CVD:心血管疾病。*P < 0.05。 表 2 HIV患者临床数据特征比较[n(%)]
Table 2. Comparison of Clinical Data Characteristics in HIV Patients [n(%)]
项目 低危组 中高危组 合计 χ2 P 总计 3119 (75.4)1020 (24.6)4139 TC(mmol/L) 100.002 < 0.001* ≥6.2 135 (4.3) 135(13.2) 270 (6.5) <6.2 2984 (95.7)885(86.8) 3869 (93.5)TG(mmol/L) 38.878 < 0.001* ≥2.3 867 (27.8) 389(38.1) 1256 (30.3)<2.3 2252 (72.2)631(61.9) 2883 (69.7)HDL(mmol/L) 20.681 < 0.001* <1.0 802 (25.7) 337(33) 1139 (27.5)≥1.0 2317 (74.3)683(67) 3000 (72.5)LDL(mmol/L) 33.758 < 0.001* ≥4.1 163 (5.2) 106(10.4) 269 (6.5) <4.1 2956 (94.8)914(89.6) 3870 (93.5)CD4细胞(个/μL) 71.593 < 0.001* CD4<200 142 (4.6) 97(9.5) 239 (5.8) 200≤CD4<500 1178 (37.8)471(46.2) 1649 (39.8)CD4≥500 1799 (57.7)452(44.3) 2251 (54.4)CD4/CD8 3.196 0.074 比值≥1 2164 (70)734(73) 2898 (70.7)比值<1 927 (30) 272(27) 1199 (29.3)病毒载量 7.289 0.007* 病毒学失败 172 (5.5) 80(7.8) 252 (6.1) 病毒学抑制 2947 (94.5)940(92.2) 3887 (93.9)ART时长(a) 18.732 < 0.001* <10 2152 (69)629(61.7) 2781 (67.2)≥10 967 (31) 391(38.3) 1358 (32.8)治疗方案 29.063 < 0.001* INSTI 755 (24.2) 328(32.2) 1083 (26.2)NNRTI 1878 (60.2) 574(56.3) 2452 (59.2)PI 486 (15.6) 118(11.6) 604 (14.6) TC:甘油三酯;TG: 甘油三酯;HDL: 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇;LDL: 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇;INSTI:整合酶抑制剂;NNRTI:非核苷类反转录酶抑制剂;PI:蛋白酶抑制剂。*P < 0.05。 表 3 HIV患者10 a CVD风险≥10%的Logistic回归分析
Table 3. Logistic Regression Analysis of 10-Year CVD Risk ≥10% in HIV Patients
OR 95%CI OR a 95%CI 女性 1 − 1 − 男性 2.282* 1.734~3.003 2.407* 1.836~3.157 年龄<50岁 1 − 1 − 年龄≥50岁 40.609* 30.947~53.287 41.359* 31.552~54.215 无吸烟史 1 − 1 − 有吸烟史 25.983* 18.882~35.754 25.765* 18.867~35.185 无高血压史 1 − 1 − 有高血压史 2.344* 1.753~3.133 2.342* 1.751~3.132 无CVD家族史 1 − 1 − 有CVD家族史 3.726* 2.521~5.509 3.638* 2.464~5.372 TC<6.2(mmol/L) 1 − 1 − TC≥6.2(mmol/L) 5.409* 3.676~7.959 5.388* 3.666~7.92 TG<2.3(mmol/L) 1 − 1 − TG≥2.3(mmol/L) 1.369* 1.077~1.74 1.391* 1.097~1.765 HDL≥1.0(mmol/L) 1 − 1 − HDL<1.0(mmol/L) 1.822* 1.432~2.318 1.795* 1.412~2.282 LDL<4.1(mmol/L) 1 − 1 − LDL≥4.1(mmol/L) 2.178* 1.47~3.227 2.202* 1.485~3.263 ART时长<10 a 1 − 1 − ART时长≥10 a 1.506* 1.199~1.891 1.465* 1.171~1.832 传播途径 异性传播 1 − 1 − 同性传播 0.528* 0.323~0.864 − − 注射毒品 0.755 0.542~1.052 − − 性+毒品 1.19 0.579~2.449 − − 其他 1.61 0.156~16.638 − − BMI 正常 1 − 1 − 消瘦 0.431* 0.281~0.663 0.43* 0.28~0.66 超重 1.295* 1.006~1.667 1.313* 1.021~1.689 肥胖 1.685* 1.095~2.592 1.63* 1.059~2.509 糖尿病 否 1 − 1 − 血糖高值 2.79* 1.788~4.353 2.875* 1.845~4.48 已诊断糖尿病 28.847* 16.267~51.154 30.064* 16.927~53.398 文化程度 小学及以下 1 − 1 − 中学 0.816 0.64~1.041 0.795 0.624~1.013 大专及以上 0.467* 0.314~0.696 0.425* 0.29~0.625 CD4细胞计数(个/μL) CD4<200 1 − 1 − 200≤CD4<500 0.367* 0.242~0.558 0.366* 0.241~0.556 CD4≥500 0.221* 0.145~0.337 0.218* 0.143~0.332 治疗方案 INSTI 1 − 1 − NNRTI 0.778* 0.609~0.993 0.774* 0.607~0.987 PI 0.677* 0.471~0.975 0.672* 0.467~0.966 BMI:体质量指数;CVD:心血管疾病;TC:甘油三酯;TG: 甘油三酯;HDL: 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇;LDL: 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇;INSTI:整合酶抑制剂;NNRTI:非核苷类反转录酶抑制剂;PI:蛋白酶抑制剂;“1”为参照组;OR为比值比;95%CI为95%置信区间;ORa为多因素调整OR;95%CIa为多因素调整95%CI。*P < 0.05。“−”表示无该项数据。 -
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