Mediating Role of Resilience between Emotional Labor,Work Engagement,and Burnout among Ward Nurses
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摘要:
目的 探讨病区护士情绪劳动与工作投入、职业倦怠的关系,及心理弹性的中介作用。 方法 2022年10~11月,采用分层随机抽样法抽取深圳市某三级甲等医院240名病区护士,采用一般资料调查表、情绪劳动量表、心理弹性量表、工作投入量表、职业倦怠量表为研究工具进行问卷调查。以 Pearson 相关分析和多元分层回归分析了解病区护士情绪劳动与心理弹性、工作投入及职业倦怠的关系;采用Amos27.0构建结构方程模型,分析心理弹性在情绪劳动与工作投入、职业倦怠之间的中介作用。 结果 月平均收入对深层扮演的影响显著(F= 4.993,P < 0.01)。病区护士表面扮演与工作投入之间呈负相关(r = −0.140,P < 0.05)。表面扮演与职业倦怠之间呈正相关(r = 0.275,P < 0.001)。自然表现和心理弹性之间呈正相关(r = 0.327,P < 0.001),深层扮演和心理弹性之间呈正相关(r = 0.34,P < 0.001)。心理弹性与工作投入之间呈正相关(r = 0.64,P < 0.001),与职业倦怠之间呈负相关(r = −0.557,P < 0.001)。心理弹性在病区护士自然表现与职业倦怠之间存在部分中介效应(β=−0.136,P < 0.001),中介效应占总效应的比例为 58.62%。 结论 心理弹性在病区护士自然表现与职业倦怠之间存在部分中介效应。护理管理人员可通过情绪劳动和心理弹性培训,提高病区护士的心理弹性水平,以促进其工作投入,降低职业倦怠。 Abstract:Objective To explore the relationship between emotional labor, work engagement, and burnout among ward nurses, and the mediating role of resilience. Methods From October to November 2022, a stratified random sampling method was used to select 240 ward nurses from a Grade A tertiary hospital in Shenzhen. Questionnaires were conducted using a general information survey, emotional labor scale, resilience scale, work engagement resilience scale, and burnout scale as research tools. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple stratified regression analysis were employed to understand the relationships between emotional labor, resilience, work engagement, and occupational burnout among ward nurses. Amos 27.0 was used to construct a structural equation model to analyze the mediating role of resilience between emotional labor and work engagement, as well as burnout. Results Monthly average income has a significant impact on deep acting (F = 4.993, P < 0.01). There is a negative correlation between surface acting among ward nurses and work engagement (r = −0.140, P < 0.05). Surface acting is positively correlated with burnout (r = 0.275, P < 0.001). Deep acting and resilience are positively correlated (r = 0.327, P < 0.001), as well as Nature acting and resilience (r = 0.34, P < 0.001). Resilience is positively correlated with work engagement (r = 0.64, P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with job burnout (r = −0.557, P < 0.001). Resilience has a partial mediating effect between ward nurse’nature acting and burnout (β = −0.136, P < 0.001), with the mediating effect accounting for 58.62% of the total effect. Conclusion There is a partial mediating effect of resilience between the natural behavior of ward nurses and their job burnout. Nursing managers can enhance the resilience of ward nurses through training in emotional labor and resilience, which can boost their work engagement and reduce burnout. -
Key words:
- Nurse /
- Emotional labor /
- Resilience /
- Work engagement /
- Burnout
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表 1 研究对象一般资料[n(%)]
Table 1. General information of research subjects [n(%)]
变量 分类 频数 性别 男 8(3.4) 女 224(96.6) 年龄(岁) < 30 72(31) 30~39 128(55.2) ≥40 32(13.8) 婚姻状况 未婚 74(31.9) 已婚 158(68.1) 学历 大专 20(8.6) 本科及以上 212(91.4) 职称 护士 23(9.9) 护师 99(42.7) 主管护师 102(44) 副主任护师 8(3.4) 月平均收入(元) < 10 000 82(35.3) 10 000~15 000 115(49.6) > 15 000 35(15.1) 护理工作年限(a) < 5 39(16.8) 5~9 73(31.5) 10~19 91(39.2) ≥20 29(12.5) 工作科室 内科 60(25.9) 外科 71(30.6) 妇产科 37(15.9) 儿科 29(12.5) 重症医学科 19(8.2) 其他 16(6.9) 合计 232 表 2 病区护士情绪劳动、心理弹性、工作投入、职业倦怠得分情况($ \bar x \pm s $)
Table 2. Scores of emotional labor,resilience,work engagement,and burnout among ward nurses($ \bar x \pm s $)
变量 总分 条目均分 得分率(%) 情绪劳动 46.61 ± 6.514 3.329 ± 0.465 66.58 表面扮演 20.10 ± 5.516 2.872 ± 0.788 57.44 自然表现 11.85 ± 1.999 3.951 ± 0.666 79.02 深层扮演 14.66 ± 2.49 3.664 ± 0.623 73.28 心理弹性 66.17 ± 13.234 2.647 ± 0.529 66.18 坚韧 33.36 ± 7.305 2.566 ± 0.562 64.15 自强 23.23 ± 4.52 2.904 ± 0.565 72.60 乐观 9.58 ± 2.577 2.394 ± 0.644 59.85 工作投入 32.69 ± 12.289 3.633 ± 1.365 60.55 活力 11.65 ± 4.205 3.884 ± 1.402 64.73 奉献 11.65 ± 4.235 3.884 ± 1.412 64.73 专注 9.39 ± 4.778 3.131 ± 1.593 52.18 职业倦怠 39.78 ± 17.65 1.808 ± 0.802 30.13 情感耗竭 20.44 ± 92.16 2.272 ± 1.024 37.87 去人格化 5.68 ± 5.212 1.135 ± 1.042 18.92 个人成就感 13.66 ± 8.454 1.707 ± 1.057 28.45 表 3 不同基本特征变量对应病区护士情绪劳动的单因素分析($ \bar x \pm s $)
Table 3. Univariate analysis of emotional labor of ward nurses corresponding to different basic characteristic variables ($ \bar x \pm s $)
项目 分类 表面扮演 自然表现 深层扮演 性别 男 20.25 ± 3.808 11.25 ± 2.188 15.63 ± 2.2 女 20.1 ± 5.573 11.87 ± 1.994 14.62 ± 2.497 t 0.076 −0.869 0.552 P 0.939 0.386 0.263 年龄(岁) < 30 20.36 ± 5.29 11.67 ± 2.035 14.43 ± 2.325 30~39 20.48 ± 5.696 11.83 ± 1.981 14.73 ± 2.468 ≥40 18 ± 4.938 12.38 ± 1.963 14.88 ± 2.948 F 2.752 1.419 0.468 P 0.066 0.244 0.627 婚姻状况 未婚 20.19 ± 5.44 11.82 ± 1.904 14.27 ± 2.446 已婚 20.06 ± 5.56 11.87 ± 2.048 14.84 ± 2.498 t 0.162 −0.152 −1.617 P 0.872 0.88 0.107 学历 大专 19 ± 5.858 12.25 ± 1.482 14.25 ± 2.447 本科及以上 20.21 ± 5.485 11.82 ± 2.04 14.69 ± 2.497 t −0.936 0.153 0.587 P 0.35 0.354 0.448 职称 护士 21.35 ± 5.441 11.57 ± 1.727 14.65 ± 2.08 护师 20.39 ± 5.501 11.75 ± 2.13 14.49 ± 2.496 主管护师 19.79 ± 5.501 11.92 ± 1.923 14.78 ± 2.528 副主任护师 16.88 ± 5.566 13.13 ± 1.808 15 ± 3.295 F 1.512 1.377 0.277 P 0.212 0.25 0.842 月平均收入(元) < 10 000 20.94 ± 5.699 11.7 ± 2.01 14.49 ± 2.745* 10 000~15 000 19.29 ± 5.093 11.94 ± 1.822 14.41 ± 2.263* > 15 000 20.83 ± 6.219 11.94 ± 2.508 15.86 ± 2.29* F 2.537 0.396 4.993 P 0.081 0.674 0.008* 护理工作年限(a) < 5 19.67 ± 5.644 11.77 ± 1.939 14.31 ± 2.483 5~9 20.97 ± 5.413 11.79 ± 2.108 14.62 ± 2.052 10~19 20.11 ± 5.606 11.79 ± 1.929 14.65 ± 2.705 ≥20 18.48 ± 5.138 12.31 ± 2.055 15.24 ± 2.811 F 1.531 0.575 0.793 P 0.207 0.632 0.499 工作科室 内科 20.53 ± 5.818 11.57 ± 1.89 14.67 ± 2.16 外科 20.01 ± 5.486 12.08 ± 1.955 14.48 ± 2.693 妇产科 20.16 ± 6.076 11.92 ± 2.338 15.41 ± 2.783 儿科 19.72 ± 5.885 12.41 ± 1.57 14.41 ± 2.276 重症医学科 19.58 ± 4.168 11.37 ± 2.166 14.63 ± 2.712 其他 20.06 ± 4.404 11.31 ± 2.12 14.13 ± 2.062 F 0.137 1.369 0.942 P 0.984 0.237 0.455 *P <0.05。 表 4 病区护士情绪劳动、心理弹性、工作投入及职业倦怠的相关性
Table 4. Correlation between emotional labor,resilience,work engagement,and burnout among ward nurses
情绪劳动 表面扮演 深层扮演 自然表现 心理弹性 工作投入 职业倦怠 情绪劳动 1 表面扮演 0.834*** 1 深层扮演 0.677*** 0.248*** 1 自然表现 0.115 −0.351*** 0.274*** 1 心理弹性 0.214** −0.020 0.340*** 0.327*** 1 工作投入 0.032 −0.140* 0.162* 0.287*** 0.640*** 1 职业倦怠 0.050 0.275*** −0.170** −0.383*** −0.557*** −0.594*** 1 *P < 0.05。 表 5 情绪劳动各维度与工作投入、职业倦怠的多元回归分析
Table 5. Multiple regression analysis of emotional labor dimensions with work engagement and burnout
变量 工作投入 职业倦怠 B SE β t P B SE β t P 第一步 表面扮演 −0.242 0.113 −0.14 −2.141 0.033 0.28 0.065 0.275 4.334 < 0.001 第二步 表面扮演 −0.22 0.087 −0.127 −2.54 0.012 0.269 0.053 0.264 5.071 < 0.001 心理弹性 1.644 0.129 0.637 12.721 < 0.001 −0.836 0.079 −0.552 −10.599 < 0.001 第一步 自然表现 0.588 0.129 0.287 4.544 < 0.001 −0.461 0.073 −0.383 −6.279 < 0.001 第二步 自然表现 0.179 0.109 0.087 1.636 0.103 −0.27 0.068 −0.225 −4.001 < 0.001 心理弹性 1.577 0.138 0.611 11.442 < 0.001 −0.733 0.085 −0.484 −8.613 < 0.001 第一步 深层扮演 0.354 0.143 0.162 2.484 0.014 −0.22 0.084 −0.17 −2.624 0.009 第二步 深层扮演 −0.139 0.118 −0.063 −1.177 0.241 0.028 0.075 0.021 0.367 0.714 心理弹性 1.706 0.139 0.661 12.282 < 0.001 −0.855 0.088 −0.564 −9.669 < 0.001 表 6 心理弹性在表面扮演与工作投入、职业倦怠之间的中介作用模型拟合指数
Table 6. Model fitting index of the mediating role of resilience between surface acting,work engagement,and burnout
拟合指数 χ2/df RFI GFI AGFI CFI NFI TLI RMSEA 参照标准 接近2 > 0.9 > 0.9 > 0.9 > 0.9 > 0.9 > 0.9 < 0.08 模型参数 2.366 0.93 0.947 0.9 0.973 0.955 0.959 0.077 表 7 心理弹性在表面扮演与工作投入、职业倦怠之间的中介作用
Table 7. Mediating role of resilience on the relationship between surface acting,work engagement,and burnout
类型 路径 效应值 SE 95%CI P 相对效应值(%) 总效应 − −0.148 0.073 (−0.284,0.003) 0.055 − 直接效应 表面扮演→工作投入 −0.115 0.054 (−0.227,−0.013) 0.030* 100 中介效应 表面扮演→心理弹性→工作投入 −0.033 0.059 (−0.148,0.081) 0.571 − 总效应 − 0.134 0.064 (0.023,0.273) 0.005* − 直接效应 表面扮演→职业倦怠 0.113 0.05 (0.026,0.23) 0.006* 100 中介效应 表面扮演→心理弹性→职业倦怠 0.021 0.038 (−0.043,0.105) 0.532 − *P < 0.05。 表 8 心理弹性在自然表现与工作投入、职业倦怠之间的中介作用模型拟合指数
Table 8. Model fitting index of the mediating role of resilience between nature acting,work engagement,and burnout
拟合指数 χ2/df RFI GFI AGFI CFI NFI TLI RMSEA 参照标准 接近2 > 0.9 > 0.9 > 0.9 > 0.9 > 0.9 > 0.9 < 0.08 模型参数 1.643 0.952 0.961 0.926 0.987 0.969 0.981 0.053 表 9 心理弹性在自然表现与工作投入、职业倦怠之间的中介作用
Table 9. Mediating role of resilience between nature acting,work engagement,and burnout
类型 路径 效应值 SE 95%CI P 相对效应值(%) 总效应 − 0.308 0.061 (0.191,0.433) 0.000* − 直接效应 自然表现→工作投入 0.078 0.054 (−0.028,0.18) 0.095 − 中介效应 自然表现→心理弹性→工作投入 0.23 0.059 (0.113,0.35) 0.000* 100 总效应 − −0.232 0.069 (−0.371,−0.094) 0.001* − 直接效应 自然表现→职业倦怠 −0.096 0.044 (−0.199,−0.021) 0.001* 41.38 中介效应 自然表现→心理弹性→职业倦怠 −0.136 0.044 (−0.233,−0.057) 0.000* 58.62 *P < 0.05。 表 10 心理弹性在深层扮演与工作投入、职业倦怠之间的中介作用模型拟合指数
Table 10. Model fitting index of the mediating role of resilience between deep acting,work engagement,and burnout
拟合指数 χ2/df RFI GFI AGFI CFI NFI TLI RMSEA 参照标准 接近2 > 0.9 > 0.9 > 0.9 > 0.9 > 0.9 > 0.9 < 0.08 模型参数 1.617 0.952 0.962 0.927 0.988 0.969 0.981 0.052 表 11 心理弹性在深层扮演与工作投入、职业倦怠之间的中介作用
Table 11. Mediating role of resilience between deep acting,work engagement,and burnout
类型 路径 效应值 SE 95%CI P 相对效应值(%) 总效应 − 0.168 0.066 (0.045,0.3) 0.014 − 直接效应 深层扮演→工作投入 −0.091 0.063 (−0.212,0.036) 0.170 − 中介效应 深层扮演→心理弹性→工作投入 0.259 0.053 (0.168,0.372) 0.001* 100 总效应 − −0.141 0.049 (−0.256,−0.057) 0.000* − 直接效应 深层扮演→职业倦怠 0.004 0.039 (−0.076,0.082) 0.897 − 中介效应 深层扮演→心理弹性→职业倦怠 −0.146 0.041 (−0.243,−0.075) 0.000* 100 *P < 0.05。 -
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