Analysis of Nutritional Risk Factors in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients
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摘要:
目的 了解昆明市IBD患者营养风险发生率,并分析影响因素。 方法 回顾性纳入2016年9月至2024年5月在昆明医科大学第一附属医院住院的707例IBD患者为研究对象。收集患者一般资料、疾病相关资料、实验室检查结果,采用NRS2002量表对患者进行营养风险筛查,将受试者划分为有或无营养风险组,其中CD患者有营养风险组110例,无营养风险组85例,UC患者有营养风险组146例,无营养风险组366例,对收集的数据进行统计分析。 结果 IBD患者的营养风险发生率为36.21%,其中CD为56.41%、UC为28.52%。根据统计分析结果,在CD患者中,睡眠、BMI、疾病确诊年龄、疾病活动度是发生营养风险的影响因素(P < 0.05);而UC患者发生营养风险的影响因素是BMI、疾病活动度、ALB、ESR(P < 0.05)。 结论 IBD患者营养风险较高,CD患者较为严重,营养风险影响因素复杂,医护人员应早期对IBD患者进行营养风险筛查,避免因营养问题导致不良结局的发生。 Abstract:Objective To understand the incidence of nutritional risk in IBD patients in Kunming City, and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods A total of 707 IBD patients who were hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from September 2016 to May 2024 were retrospectively enrolled. Patient general information, disease-related data, and laboratory examination results were collected. Nutritional risk screening was performed using the NRS2002 scale, with subjects divided into nutritional risk and no-nutritional risk groups. Among Crohn's disease (CD) patients, 110 were in the nutritional risk group and 85 in the no nutritional risk group. For ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, 146 were in the nutritional risk group and 366 in the no nutritional risk group. Statistical analysis was conducted on the collected data. Results The incidence of nutritional risk in IBD patients was 36.21%, with 56.41% for CD and 28.52% for UC. Statistical analysis showed that for CD patients, sleep, BMI, disease diagnosis age, and disease activity were influencing factors of nutritional risk (P < 0.05). For UC patients, influencing factors were BMI, disease activity, albumin (ALB), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (P < 0.05). Conclusion IBD patients have a high nutritional risk, with CD patients being more severely affected. The influencing factors of nutritional risk are complex. Medical personnel should conduct early nutritional risk screening for IBD patients to avoid adverse outcomes due to nutritional issues. -
表 1 IBD患者一般资料[n(%)]
Table 1. General data of IBD patients [n(%)]
项目 类别 UC(n=512) CD(n=195) 是否发生营养风险 否 366(71.48) 85(43.59) 是 146(28.52) 110(56.41) 性别 男 310(60.55) 120(61.54) 女 202(39.45) 75(38.46) 睡眠 正常 349(68.16) 133(68.21) 睡眠障碍 163(31.84) 62(31.79) 饮食 正常 370(72.27) 116(59.49) 异常 142(27.73) 79(40.51) 是否吸烟 是 65(12.70) 23(11.79) 否 447(87.30) 172(88.21) 是否饮酒 是 39(7.62) 10(5.13) 否 473(92.38) 185(94.87) 既往胃肠道手术史 无 496(96.88) 170(87.18) 有 16(3.12) 25(12.82) 表 2 CD患者营养风险的单因素分析结果[n(%)]
Table 2. Results of a univariate analysis of nutritional risk in patients with CD[n(%)]
因素 类别 无营养风险(n=85) 营养风险(n=110) χ2 /t P 饮食 正常 76(89.41) 40(36.36) 55.89 <0.001* 异常 9(10.59) 70(63.64) 睡眠 正常 70(82.35) 63(57.27) 13.91 <0.001* 睡眠障碍 15(17.65) 47(42.73) 婚姻状况 其他(未婚、离异或丧偶) 19(22.35) 50(45.45) 11.51 0.001* 已婚 66(77.65) 60(55.55) 住院天数(d) ≤8 73(85.88) 57(51.82) 25.04 <0.001* >8 12(14.12) 53(48.18) 病变类型 非狭窄非穿透型 67(78.82) 47(42.73) 24.92 <0.001* 狭窄型 14(16.47) 43(39.08) 穿透型 4(4.71) 20(18.19) 病变范围 L1 29(34.12) 19(17.27) 9.30 0.010* L2 22(25.88) 27(24.55) L3 34(40.00) 64(58.18) 疾病确诊年龄(岁) ≤16 4(4.71) 17(15.45) 7.31 0.026* 17~40 56(65.88) 72(65.45) >40 25(29.41) 21(19.10) 疾病活动度 缓解-轻度期 59(69.41) 5(4.50) 112.18 <0.001* 中度-重度期 26(30.59) 105(95.50) BMI(kg/m2) 21.97±2.93 17.60±2.31 −11.30 <0.001* HGB(g/L) 138.89±19.48 115.91±23.25 −7.34 <0.001* ALB(g/dL) 42.39±4.30 35.68±5.90 −9.18 <0.001* ESR(mm/h) 19.10±19.60 34.53±22.75 5.04 <0.001* CRP(mg/L) 12.50±21.02 39.30±46.01 5.42 <0.001* *P < 0.05。 表 3 UC患者营养风险的单因素分析结果[n(%)]
Table 3. Results of univariate analysis of nutritional risk in UC patients[n(%)]
因素 类别 无营养风险(n=366) 营养风险(n=146) χ2 /t P 性别 男 232(63.39) 78(53.42) 4.34 0.037* 女 134(36.61) 68(46.58) 饮食 正常 309(84.43) 61(41.78) 94.70 <0.001* 异常 57(15.57) 85(58.22) 睡眠 正常 278(75.96) 71(48.63) 35.91 <0.001* 睡眠障碍 88(24.04) 75(1.37) 住院天数(d) ≤8 254(69.40) 63(43.15) 30.49 <0.001* >8 112(30.60) 83(56.85) 病变范围 直肠型 87(23.77) 8(5.48) 49.52 <0.001* 左半结肠型 128(34.97) 29(19.86) 广泛结肠型 151(41.26) 109(74.66) 病程(岁) ≤5 233(63.66) 111(76.03) 11.36 0.003* 6~10 85(23.22) 15(10.27) >10 48(13.12) 20(13.70) 治疗情况 使用一种药物 318(86.89) 98(67.12) 26.76 <0.001* 联合使用两种药物及以上 48(13.11) 48(32.88) 疾病活动度 缓解-轻度期 138(37.70) 6(4.11) 244.28 <0.001* 中度-重度期 228(62.30) 140(95.89) BMI(kg/m2) 22.92±3.02 18.41±2.29 −11.39 <0.001* HGB(g/L) 138.80±18.88 109.40±20.08 −15.62 <0.001* ALB(g/dL) 40.93±7.28 33.03±6.24 −12.31 <0.001* ESR(mm/h) 15.30±15.36 38.42±23.28 11.07 <0.001* CRP(mg/L) 11.87±26.58 32.00±35.29 6.22 <0.001* *P < 0.05。 表 4 分类变量的赋值说明
Table 4. Assignment description of categorical variables
自变量 赋值 自变量 赋值 性别 男=1,女=2 病程(年) ≤5=1,6~10=2,>10=3 饮食 正常=1,异常=2 药物治疗情况 使用一种药物=1,联合使用两种
及以上药物=2睡眠 正常=1,睡眠障碍=2 疾病确诊年龄(岁) ≤16=1,17~39=2,≥40=3 婚姻状况 其他(未婚、离异或丧偶)=1,已婚=2 疾病活动度 缓解-轻度期=1,中度-重度期=2 住院天数 ≤8=1,>8=2 HGB 正常=1,异常=2 BMI 正常=1,异常=2 CRP 正常=1,异常=2 病变类型 UC:初发型=1,慢性复发型=2
CD:非狭窄非穿透型=1,狭窄型=2,穿透型=3,
肛周病变型=4ALB 正常=1,异常=2 病变范围 UC:直肠型=1,左半结肠型=2,广泛结肠型=3
CD:回肠末端=1,结肠型=2,回结肠型=3ESR 正常=1,异常=2 表 5 CD患者营养风险的多因素分析结果
Table 5. Results of a multivariate analysis of nutritional risk in patients with CD
因素 标准误 B Wald P OR 95%CI 下限 上限 睡眠(对照组:正常) 1.198 3.597 3.002 0.003* 36.48 3.48 381.93 BMI(kg/m2) 0.240 −0.980 −4.077 0.001* 0.38 0.23 0.60 疾病确诊年龄(对照组:≤16岁) 17~39岁 1.694 −4.266 −2.518 0.007* 0.01 0.00 0.39 ≥40岁 1.972 −4.330 −2.196 0.017* 0.01 0.00 0.63 疾病活动度(对照组:缓解-轻度期) 1.207 4.400 3.646 0.012* 81.46 7.65 867.53 *P < 0.05。 表 6 UC患者营养风险的多因素分析结果
Table 6. Results of a multivariate analysis of nutritional risk in patients with UC
因素 标准误 B Wald P OR 95%CI 下限 上限 BMI(kg/m2) 0.099 −0.767 −7.743 <0.001* 0.46 0.38 0.56 疾病活动度(对照组:缓解-轻度期) 0.577 1.406 2.438 0.015* 4.08 1.32 12.63 ALB(g/dL) 0.041 −0.130 −3.175 0.002* 0.88 0.81 0.95 ESR(mm/h) 0.011 0.031 2.789 0.005* 1.03 1.01 1.05 *P < 0.05。 -
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