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RSS2011 Vol. 32, No. 12
2011, 32(12)
Abstract:
Objective To investigate a steady way which named“intravenously guttae”of preparation of hyperkalemia in rabbit，and compare two different treatment methods polarized solution treatment and sodium bicarbonate treatment．Methods 30 rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups：Saline group，polarized solution（glucose-insulin）group and sodium bicarbonate group（n＝10 in each group）．All rabbits were injected with 3% KCl and were treated with different ways．Results Typical ECG changes were found，and serum levels of [K+]were increased（P＜0.05）in all 30 rabbits in three groups after injection of 3% KCL．After treatment，compared with Saline group，serum levels of [k+] were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）and ECG recovered to normal in glucose-insulin group and sodium bicarbonate group．Conclusion “Intravenously guttae”is a simple and steady way of preparation of hyperkalemia model. Glucose-insulin and sodium bicarbonate are effective methods for the treatment of hyperkalemia.
Objective To investigate a steady way which named“intravenously guttae”of preparation of hyperkalemia in rabbit，and compare two different treatment methods polarized solution treatment and sodium bicarbonate treatment．Methods 30 rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups：Saline group，polarized solution（glucose-insulin）group and sodium bicarbonate group（n＝10 in each group）．All rabbits were injected with 3% KCl and were treated with different ways．Results Typical ECG changes were found，and serum levels of [K+]were increased（P＜0.05）in all 30 rabbits in three groups after injection of 3% KCL．After treatment，compared with Saline group，serum levels of [k+] were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）and ECG recovered to normal in glucose-insulin group and sodium bicarbonate group．Conclusion “Intravenously guttae”is a simple and steady way of preparation of hyperkalemia model. Glucose-insulin and sodium bicarbonate are effective methods for the treatment of hyperkalemia.
2011, 32(12)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To study the optimum conditions for ectraction of flavonoids and poly phenols from propolis．Method We studied the optimum conditions and the significance of the influencing factors for the extraction of flavonoids and polyphenols from Propolis with merceration，water bath and ultrasonic wave by using orthoganol design．Results The optimal processing parameters of ultrasonic method extracting flavonoids were as following：the concentration of ethanol was 80%，extracting time was 30 min，material liquid ratio was 1:16．Optimal processing parameters of ultrasonic method extracting polyphenols were as following: the concentration of ethano was 90%，extracting time was 15 min，material liquid ratio was 1:16．Conclusion ultrasonic method is the best in the three extraction methods.
［Abstract］Objective To study the optimum conditions for ectraction of flavonoids and poly phenols from propolis．Method We studied the optimum conditions and the significance of the influencing factors for the extraction of flavonoids and polyphenols from Propolis with merceration，water bath and ultrasonic wave by using orthoganol design．Results The optimal processing parameters of ultrasonic method extracting flavonoids were as following：the concentration of ethanol was 80%，extracting time was 30 min，material liquid ratio was 1:16．Optimal processing parameters of ultrasonic method extracting polyphenols were as following: the concentration of ethano was 90%，extracting time was 15 min，material liquid ratio was 1:16．Conclusion ultrasonic method is the best in the three extraction methods.
2011, 32(12)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To optimize the technology of preparation propolis wrapped with cyclodextrin by using the orthogonal design method，and to study the in vitro drug release rate in the thermosensitive in situ Gel based on Poloxamer System．Methods（1）The amount of total flavone in Yunnan propolis extract was determined with ultraviolet spectrophotometry.（2）By using the orthogonal design method and saturated aqueous solution，we optimized the technology of preparation propolis wrapped with β-cyclodextrin.（3）We assayed the inclosure rate and the recovery rate of propolis，and optimized the technology. （4）We studied the sustained release effect of the propolis wrapped with cyclodextrin which in situ gel based on poloxamer system，using in vitro drug release as the ultimategoal．Results The optimum preparation conditions were determinted through orthogonal experiment：ratio of propolis to β- cyclodextrin was 1 to 2，bathing temperature was 70 ℃ and milling time was 1.0 h．Then the inclusion rate reached 43.75%，the recovery rate reached 32%．In artificial saliva，the target drug could sustained release more than 99% within 16 h，the drug sustained release effect is better than the non-β-cyclodextrin with propoils．Conclusion The release rate of propoils with β-cyclodextri from hydrogel becomes slow and controls delirery over 16 hours.
［Abstract］Objective To optimize the technology of preparation propolis wrapped with cyclodextrin by using the orthogonal design method，and to study the in vitro drug release rate in the thermosensitive in situ Gel based on Poloxamer System．Methods（1）The amount of total flavone in Yunnan propolis extract was determined with ultraviolet spectrophotometry.（2）By using the orthogonal design method and saturated aqueous solution，we optimized the technology of preparation propolis wrapped with β-cyclodextrin.（3）We assayed the inclosure rate and the recovery rate of propolis，and optimized the technology. （4）We studied the sustained release effect of the propolis wrapped with cyclodextrin which in situ gel based on poloxamer system，using in vitro drug release as the ultimategoal．Results The optimum preparation conditions were determinted through orthogonal experiment：ratio of propolis to β- cyclodextrin was 1 to 2，bathing temperature was 70 ℃ and milling time was 1.0 h．Then the inclusion rate reached 43.75%，the recovery rate reached 32%．In artificial saliva，the target drug could sustained release more than 99% within 16 h，the drug sustained release effect is better than the non-β-cyclodextrin with propoils．Conclusion The release rate of propoils with β-cyclodextri from hydrogel becomes slow and controls delirery over 16 hours.
2011, 32(12)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To analyze the correlation between prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and clustering of risk factors in Guandu district of Kunming．Methods We analyzed the data of 4595 participants aged ≥18-years in the Guandu district of Kunming with probability proportional sampling methods and obtained information about the prevalence of cardiovascular disease and clustering of risk factors through questionnaires and physical examination．Results（1）The prevalence of smoking，drinking，overweight，obesity，high cholesterol， diabetes was 32.9%，32.2%，33.6%，11.2%，8.3% and 6.2% respectively.（2）92.5% of the participants had at least one risk factor of cardiovascular diseases．The proportion of men with three or more risk factors was higher than that of women with three or more risk factors（P＜0.01）.（3）The prevalence of hypertension，coronary heart disease，stroke in people with three risk factors were higher than those without risk factors．Conclusion There is higher clustering of risk factors in Guandu district of Kunming．The more the number of clustering of risk factors was，the higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases was．We should enhance comprehensive prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease，and reduce the aggregation of risk factors.
［Abstract］Objective To analyze the correlation between prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and clustering of risk factors in Guandu district of Kunming．Methods We analyzed the data of 4595 participants aged ≥18-years in the Guandu district of Kunming with probability proportional sampling methods and obtained information about the prevalence of cardiovascular disease and clustering of risk factors through questionnaires and physical examination．Results（1）The prevalence of smoking，drinking，overweight，obesity，high cholesterol， diabetes was 32.9%，32.2%，33.6%，11.2%，8.3% and 6.2% respectively.（2）92.5% of the participants had at least one risk factor of cardiovascular diseases．The proportion of men with three or more risk factors was higher than that of women with three or more risk factors（P＜0.01）.（3）The prevalence of hypertension，coronary heart disease，stroke in people with three risk factors were higher than those without risk factors．Conclusion There is higher clustering of risk factors in Guandu district of Kunming．The more the number of clustering of risk factors was，the higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases was．We should enhance comprehensive prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease，and reduce the aggregation of risk factors.
2011, 32(12)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To study the regularity of incidence，prophylactic training and readaption of motion sickness in hot-humid environment by 3 experiments．Method（1）We tested the incidence of motion sickness and the grading of severity of all the subjects in room temperature，hot and hot-humid environment．（2）We evaluated the training effect of two-stage training for motion sickness. （3）We did the adaption research on those subjects who had already adapted．Results （1）Incidence and grading of severity of motion sickness between room temperature and hot environment were different（P＜0.05）；Incidence and grading of severity among 3 environment were different（P＜0.01）. （2）Incidence and grading did not change through environment adapted training（P＞0.05），while they changed through anti-dizzy training（P＜0.05）. （3）Readaption effect was not different for those subjects who had been adapted after 3 months（P＞0.05）．Conclusions（1）Incidence and grading of severity for motion sickness are greater in extreme environment. （2）Environment adapted training is useless， while anti-dizzy training is useful. （3）Plastochrone for adapted training should be within 3 months.
［Abstract］Objective To study the regularity of incidence，prophylactic training and readaption of motion sickness in hot-humid environment by 3 experiments．Method（1）We tested the incidence of motion sickness and the grading of severity of all the subjects in room temperature，hot and hot-humid environment．（2）We evaluated the training effect of two-stage training for motion sickness. （3）We did the adaption research on those subjects who had already adapted．Results （1）Incidence and grading of severity of motion sickness between room temperature and hot environment were different（P＜0.05）；Incidence and grading of severity among 3 environment were different（P＜0.01）. （2）Incidence and grading did not change through environment adapted training（P＞0.05），while they changed through anti-dizzy training（P＜0.05）. （3）Readaption effect was not different for those subjects who had been adapted after 3 months（P＞0.05）．Conclusions（1）Incidence and grading of severity for motion sickness are greater in extreme environment. （2）Environment adapted training is useless， while anti-dizzy training is useful. （3）Plastochrone for adapted training should be within 3 months.
2011, 32(12)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To study the effect of Heterografting of microliver slice in rats with fulminant hepatic failure and present the animal experimental data for clinical trails．Methods 40 Sprague-Dawley rats with fulminant hepatic failure were selected as contrast group（n＝20）and transplantation group（n＝20）randomly. Liver tissues removed from E14 embryos of rats were transplantated into liver of recipent rats．24 h，72 h，7 d and 30 d after operation，the ALT，AST，TBIL and ALB were detected in two groups and the ammounts of alive rats were counted．Results Compared with the control group，ALT，AST，TBIL decreased greatly and ALB increased obviously in transplantation group in 24 h，72 h and 7 day after operation，the difference decreased 30 days after operation．Conclusion Heterografting of microliver slice can improve the liver function in rats with fulminant hepatic failure during 7d and the effects decrease as time goes by after operation.
［Abstract］Objective To study the effect of Heterografting of microliver slice in rats with fulminant hepatic failure and present the animal experimental data for clinical trails．Methods 40 Sprague-Dawley rats with fulminant hepatic failure were selected as contrast group（n＝20）and transplantation group（n＝20）randomly. Liver tissues removed from E14 embryos of rats were transplantated into liver of recipent rats．24 h，72 h，7 d and 30 d after operation，the ALT，AST，TBIL and ALB were detected in two groups and the ammounts of alive rats were counted．Results Compared with the control group，ALT，AST，TBIL decreased greatly and ALB increased obviously in transplantation group in 24 h，72 h and 7 day after operation，the difference decreased 30 days after operation．Conclusion Heterografting of microliver slice can improve the liver function in rats with fulminant hepatic failure during 7d and the effects decrease as time goes by after operation.
2011, 32(12)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To explore the effect of PD-L1Ig on the immune tolerance in rats with liver transplantation．Methods Twenty ROLT models were established by Kamada two-cuff technique，with inbred male Wistar rats and male SD rats served as donor and recipient respectively．The recipients were randomly devided into 2 groups according to different treatments：no treatment A（Wistar→SD n＝10）and B treated with PD-L1Ig （Wistar→SD n＝10）after the day of operation， the following day，the fourth day and sixth day．The clinical characters，the animal survival，mental and appetite were observed．The liver and blood samples were taken form rats after one week for detecting liver function and proportions of CD4+CD25+Treg and observing the rejection of liver pathology．Results In the treatment group，the liver function test，including serum alanine aminotransferase，aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin，was superior to control group（P < 0.05）．Pathology of liver revealed there were a large number of mononuclear cells around the portal tract area in blank control group. The inflammation of PD-L1Ig group was relatively less serious，only a little accumulation of inflammatory cells．The liver rejection of blank control was more serious than PD-L1Ig group．Referencing Baff marking，the rejection was moderate and severe in group of PD-L1Ig and blank control，respectively．The group of PD-L1Ig showed a lower immune response and lighter rejection of liver than the control group. Flow cytometry analysis of CD4+ CD25+ Treg showed that the proportion of peripheral blood CD4+CD25+Treg cells in PD-L1Ig group was significantly higher than control group（P＜0.05）．Therefore，PD-L1Ig group rats showed better negative regulator activity of immune cell． Conclusions The liver functions of PD-L1Ig treated rats are better．A low immune response can be induced in the rats of ROLT by PD-L1Ig treatment．The proportion of peripheral blood CD4+CD25+Treg increases after liver transplantation in rats，which might be a mechanism of immune tolerance.
［Abstract］Objective To explore the effect of PD-L1Ig on the immune tolerance in rats with liver transplantation．Methods Twenty ROLT models were established by Kamada two-cuff technique，with inbred male Wistar rats and male SD rats served as donor and recipient respectively．The recipients were randomly devided into 2 groups according to different treatments：no treatment A（Wistar→SD n＝10）and B treated with PD-L1Ig （Wistar→SD n＝10）after the day of operation， the following day，the fourth day and sixth day．The clinical characters，the animal survival，mental and appetite were observed．The liver and blood samples were taken form rats after one week for detecting liver function and proportions of CD4+CD25+Treg and observing the rejection of liver pathology．Results In the treatment group，the liver function test，including serum alanine aminotransferase，aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin，was superior to control group（P < 0.05）．Pathology of liver revealed there were a large number of mononuclear cells around the portal tract area in blank control group. The inflammation of PD-L1Ig group was relatively less serious，only a little accumulation of inflammatory cells．The liver rejection of blank control was more serious than PD-L1Ig group．Referencing Baff marking，the rejection was moderate and severe in group of PD-L1Ig and blank control，respectively．The group of PD-L1Ig showed a lower immune response and lighter rejection of liver than the control group. Flow cytometry analysis of CD4+ CD25+ Treg showed that the proportion of peripheral blood CD4+CD25+Treg cells in PD-L1Ig group was significantly higher than control group（P＜0.05）．Therefore，PD-L1Ig group rats showed better negative regulator activity of immune cell． Conclusions The liver functions of PD-L1Ig treated rats are better．A low immune response can be induced in the rats of ROLT by PD-L1Ig treatment．The proportion of peripheral blood CD4+CD25+Treg increases after liver transplantation in rats，which might be a mechanism of immune tolerance.
2011, 32(12)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To evalutate the effect of water improvement project on preventing fluoride poisoning in First village，Second village in some county in Yunnan province by comparing the drinking water fluoride level and people’s urinary fluoride level before and after water improvement project．Methods According to Health care industry standard of the People’s Republic of China GB/T5750.5-2006，we tested the drinking water fluoride level after water improvement project with Fluorine electrode; According to Health care industry standard of the People's Republic of China WS/T89-1996，we tested villagers’urinary fluoride level after water improvement project with Fluorine electrode．The data were analyzed by SPSS software．Results The water fluoride level in First village was lower after water improvement project than before（P＜0.05）and there was no difference in Second village（P＞0.05）；The villagers' urinary fluoride level had no obvious change both in First village and Second village（P＞0.05）．Conclusions The water fluoride level after water improvement project has been qualified in First village，but the urinary fluoride level has no change after water improvement project．Although the water fluorides level in Second village has decreased，the urinary fluoride level still not reaches the standard of country and it has no change after water improvement project either.
［Abstract］Objective To evalutate the effect of water improvement project on preventing fluoride poisoning in First village，Second village in some county in Yunnan province by comparing the drinking water fluoride level and people’s urinary fluoride level before and after water improvement project．Methods According to Health care industry standard of the People’s Republic of China GB/T5750.5-2006，we tested the drinking water fluoride level after water improvement project with Fluorine electrode; According to Health care industry standard of the People's Republic of China WS/T89-1996，we tested villagers’urinary fluoride level after water improvement project with Fluorine electrode．The data were analyzed by SPSS software．Results The water fluoride level in First village was lower after water improvement project than before（P＜0.05）and there was no difference in Second village（P＞0.05）；The villagers' urinary fluoride level had no obvious change both in First village and Second village（P＞0.05）．Conclusions The water fluoride level after water improvement project has been qualified in First village，but the urinary fluoride level has no change after water improvement project．Although the water fluorides level in Second village has decreased，the urinary fluoride level still not reaches the standard of country and it has no change after water improvement project either.
2011, 32(12)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To understand the influencing factors of the suicide ideation of medical college freshmen，and provide prevention measures for suicide．Methods Census by anonymous self－administered questionnaires was given to the freshmen from a medical college．With software named EPIDATA and SPSS，we made the statistical analysis，for example，χ2 inspection method and multiple factors Logistic regression．Results Healthy factors，the frequency of drinking and online surfing contributed to suicide ideation .P value of every factor was all less than 0.01 and OR value was all over 1，which showed that these three factors were risk factors．Conclusion If we improve our healthy state，drink and surf internet properly，we will effectively reduce the suicide ideation.
［Abstract］Objective To understand the influencing factors of the suicide ideation of medical college freshmen，and provide prevention measures for suicide．Methods Census by anonymous self－administered questionnaires was given to the freshmen from a medical college．With software named EPIDATA and SPSS，we made the statistical analysis，for example，χ2 inspection method and multiple factors Logistic regression．Results Healthy factors，the frequency of drinking and online surfing contributed to suicide ideation .P value of every factor was all less than 0.01 and OR value was all over 1，which showed that these three factors were risk factors．Conclusion If we improve our healthy state，drink and surf internet properly，we will effectively reduce the suicide ideation.
2011, 32(12)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To investigate the effect of osteoporosis on tibia articular cartilage of SD rats，and the relationship between estrogen and the degeneration of articular cartilage．Methods Forty eight-month old SD rats were divided into two groups randomly，one was experiment group，another was control group．Three month later， we got the osteoporosis model successfully. Then the rats were sacrificed at 2 th， 4 th， 8 th， 12 th week．The gross pathology and the immunohistochemistry of collagen，I，Ⅱ，III and sox9 were measured．Results HE staining showed that the number of chondrocytes and cartilage thickness were similar in experiment and control group at 2 th，4 th week．Meanwhile joint surface was smooth and tide lines were integrated．Compared with control group，cartilage thickness became thinner（P＜0.05），and the joint surface was locally destroyed in experiment group at 8 th week．Also，tide lines were integrated and the number of chondrocytes were similar．At 12 th week， cartilage thickness were distinctly thinner（P＜0.05），the number chondrocytes increased remarkably，joint surface became rough and denudations appeared，tide lines were not integrated in experiment group. Immunohistochemistry staining showed the expression of collagenⅡdecreased sharply at 8 th and 12 th week，the expression of sox9 had no obvious change．Compared with experiment group，Mankin’s grade scale of control group was significantly decreased（P＜0.05）at 8 th，12 th week. Conclusion Osteoporosis can affect the articular cartilage structurally，the decrease of estrogen can lead to degeneration of articular cartilage in rats.
［Abstract］Objective To investigate the effect of osteoporosis on tibia articular cartilage of SD rats，and the relationship between estrogen and the degeneration of articular cartilage．Methods Forty eight-month old SD rats were divided into two groups randomly，one was experiment group，another was control group．Three month later， we got the osteoporosis model successfully. Then the rats were sacrificed at 2 th， 4 th， 8 th， 12 th week．The gross pathology and the immunohistochemistry of collagen，I，Ⅱ，III and sox9 were measured．Results HE staining showed that the number of chondrocytes and cartilage thickness were similar in experiment and control group at 2 th，4 th week．Meanwhile joint surface was smooth and tide lines were integrated．Compared with control group，cartilage thickness became thinner（P＜0.05），and the joint surface was locally destroyed in experiment group at 8 th week．Also，tide lines were integrated and the number of chondrocytes were similar．At 12 th week， cartilage thickness were distinctly thinner（P＜0.05），the number chondrocytes increased remarkably，joint surface became rough and denudations appeared，tide lines were not integrated in experiment group. Immunohistochemistry staining showed the expression of collagenⅡdecreased sharply at 8 th and 12 th week，the expression of sox9 had no obvious change．Compared with experiment group，Mankin’s grade scale of control group was significantly decreased（P＜0.05）at 8 th，12 th week. Conclusion Osteoporosis can affect the articular cartilage structurally，the decrease of estrogen can lead to degeneration of articular cartilage in rats.
2011, 32(12)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objectives To know the changing situation of outpatient volume（OV）and influencing factors in community health centers（CHC）of three models in six cities in Pearl River Delta（PRD）．Methods Triangulation method involves in-depth interview，self-reported structure questionnaire and government documents and webs review．Qualitative data was analyzed by thematic framework，and quantitative data was analyzed by descriptive statistical method，regression and correlation．Results The average increasing rate of OV in three models CHC from 2008 to 2010 were 16.76%，42.36% and 422.75%，respectively，and from 2009 to 2010年were 11.99%，52.05%，and 58.55%，respectively．The OV in CHC from 2008 to 2010 may not be influenced by average charge at the outpatient（P＞0.09），fund type（P＞0.05）；The OV in CHC of 2010 may be influenced by the number of college-educated employees in CHC（P＜0.01），the number of doctors（P＜0.01）．The policy of improving reimbursement ratio for those who first contacted CHC if sick has developed outpatient volume during three years．Majority patient interviewees demonstrated that CHC has been confirmed by residents．Conclusions The government-funded CHC has advantages on OV increase．HI policy can lead a positive role for CHC development. The role of CHC at first contacting has gradually been confirmed
［Abstract］Objectives To know the changing situation of outpatient volume（OV）and influencing factors in community health centers（CHC）of three models in six cities in Pearl River Delta（PRD）．Methods Triangulation method involves in-depth interview，self-reported structure questionnaire and government documents and webs review．Qualitative data was analyzed by thematic framework，and quantitative data was analyzed by descriptive statistical method，regression and correlation．Results The average increasing rate of OV in three models CHC from 2008 to 2010 were 16.76%，42.36% and 422.75%，respectively，and from 2009 to 2010年were 11.99%，52.05%，and 58.55%，respectively．The OV in CHC from 2008 to 2010 may not be influenced by average charge at the outpatient（P＞0.09），fund type（P＞0.05）；The OV in CHC of 2010 may be influenced by the number of college-educated employees in CHC（P＜0.01），the number of doctors（P＜0.01）．The policy of improving reimbursement ratio for those who first contacted CHC if sick has developed outpatient volume during three years．Majority patient interviewees demonstrated that CHC has been confirmed by residents．Conclusions The government-funded CHC has advantages on OV increase．HI policy can lead a positive role for CHC development. The role of CHC at first contacting has gradually been confirmed
2011, 32(12)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To investigate and analyse the psychological health states of postgraduate in different age group，and provide theoretical basis for psychological health education in postgraduates．Methods SCL-90 was used in this investigation．Database was established by using the EpiData3.0 software，and the data were analyzed by utilizing spss19.0．Results Only the additional factor scores were higher than the norm of Chinese adult （P＝0.002）；There were statistically significant differences for those postgraduates between 20～25 and 26～30 age group on the factors as somatization（P＝0.012），obsessive-compulsion（P＝0.003），Sensitivity for interpersonal relationship（P＝0.021），terror（P＝0.016），paranoid（P＝0.003）and psychoticism（P＝0.023）．Conclusion The psychological health status of 26～30 age group is superior to 20～25 age group， college should be taken different modes of psychological health education for different age group.
［Abstract］Objective To investigate and analyse the psychological health states of postgraduate in different age group，and provide theoretical basis for psychological health education in postgraduates．Methods SCL-90 was used in this investigation．Database was established by using the EpiData3.0 software，and the data were analyzed by utilizing spss19.0．Results Only the additional factor scores were higher than the norm of Chinese adult （P＝0.002）；There were statistically significant differences for those postgraduates between 20～25 and 26～30 age group on the factors as somatization（P＝0.012），obsessive-compulsion（P＝0.003），Sensitivity for interpersonal relationship（P＝0.021），terror（P＝0.016），paranoid（P＝0.003）and psychoticism（P＝0.023）．Conclusion The psychological health status of 26～30 age group is superior to 20～25 age group， college should be taken different modes of psychological health education for different age group.
2011, 32(12)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Obejective To get the knowledge of the change tendency of arsenic pollution Yangzonghai Lake and its surrounding areas，and provide reliable evidences for the safety of drinking water in the local areas．Methods Surveillance of the concentration of arsenic in Yangzonghai Lake and the surrounding areas was carried out from 2008 to 2011．The surveillance used the methods required in “Surveillance Design of Arsenic pollution in Yangzonghai Lake of Kunming City from 2008～2011”．Results Totally 238 water samples were tested，the result of arsenic in the water sources of Liushuwan is in 0.021 6～0.128 mg/L，the highest concentration is 0.128 mg/L in Sep 2009，which is as 1.5 times higher as the standards requirement; the lowest concentration is 0.0216 mg/L in Mar．2011. The result of arsenic in the water sources of the first level pumping station in the Aluminum Factory of Cheng Gong County is among 0.029 5～0.126 mg/L， the highest is 0.126 mg/L in Sep．2009，the lowest is 0.029 5 mg/L in Mar．2011．Conclusions The overall arsenic concentration level in Yangzonghai Lake and its surrounding areas has a decreasing trend．Up to Mar．2011，the arsenic content in the surveillance places has meet the requirement of the standard of on-the ground water for category Ⅲ.
［Abstract］Obejective To get the knowledge of the change tendency of arsenic pollution Yangzonghai Lake and its surrounding areas，and provide reliable evidences for the safety of drinking water in the local areas．Methods Surveillance of the concentration of arsenic in Yangzonghai Lake and the surrounding areas was carried out from 2008 to 2011．The surveillance used the methods required in “Surveillance Design of Arsenic pollution in Yangzonghai Lake of Kunming City from 2008～2011”．Results Totally 238 water samples were tested，the result of arsenic in the water sources of Liushuwan is in 0.021 6～0.128 mg/L，the highest concentration is 0.128 mg/L in Sep 2009，which is as 1.5 times higher as the standards requirement; the lowest concentration is 0.0216 mg/L in Mar．2011. The result of arsenic in the water sources of the first level pumping station in the Aluminum Factory of Cheng Gong County is among 0.029 5～0.126 mg/L， the highest is 0.126 mg/L in Sep．2009，the lowest is 0.029 5 mg/L in Mar．2011．Conclusions The overall arsenic concentration level in Yangzonghai Lake and its surrounding areas has a decreasing trend．Up to Mar．2011，the arsenic content in the surveillance places has meet the requirement of the standard of on-the ground water for category Ⅲ.
2011, 32(12)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To explore and evaluate the effect of comprehensive weight reduction protocols on obese college girls．Methods 30 ibese cikkege gurks were divided into experimental group and control group（n＝15）． The experimental group were trained according to the design of the integrated programme，the control group were trained by only general physical exercise．The form，quality，performance and body fat indexes were detected． Results The difference value on body weight，chest measurement，vital capacity and body fat were 8.16 kg 2.17 cm，768.01ml and 8.11% in two groups，The difference value in physical quality 50 m cm，standing long jump， Sit-ups，and 800 m were 0.69 s， 13.98 cm， 18.65 and 20.58 s in two groups．Body weight and chest circumference were decreased by 6.09 kg and 1.75 cm，vital capacity was increased by 589.68 mL in college girls of the experimental group，compared with proexperiment．Conclusion Comprehensive weight reduction protocols is an of effective measure and method for weight reduction and physique enhancement in obese college girls.
［Abstract］Objective To explore and evaluate the effect of comprehensive weight reduction protocols on obese college girls．Methods 30 ibese cikkege gurks were divided into experimental group and control group（n＝15）． The experimental group were trained according to the design of the integrated programme，the control group were trained by only general physical exercise．The form，quality，performance and body fat indexes were detected． Results The difference value on body weight，chest measurement，vital capacity and body fat were 8.16 kg 2.17 cm，768.01ml and 8.11% in two groups，The difference value in physical quality 50 m cm，standing long jump， Sit-ups，and 800 m were 0.69 s， 13.98 cm， 18.65 and 20.58 s in two groups．Body weight and chest circumference were decreased by 6.09 kg and 1.75 cm，vital capacity was increased by 589.68 mL in college girls of the experimental group，compared with proexperiment．Conclusion Comprehensive weight reduction protocols is an of effective measure and method for weight reduction and physique enhancement in obese college girls.
2011, 32(12)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To investigate and study the present situation in first aid ability of sports injury for university students．Method 476 undergraduates in the Yunnan University of Nationalities were surveyed by random sampling method．Result First aid ability of sports injury for university students was poor，the desire of learning sports injury was strong，and training opportunities were seriously insufficient．Conclusion University students' ability of first aid ability should be improved through first aid training.
［Abstract］Objective To investigate and study the present situation in first aid ability of sports injury for university students．Method 476 undergraduates in the Yunnan University of Nationalities were surveyed by random sampling method．Result First aid ability of sports injury for university students was poor，the desire of learning sports injury was strong，and training opportunities were seriously insufficient．Conclusion University students' ability of first aid ability should be improved through first aid training.
Effect of Short-term High-level PEEP on Oxygen Metabolism and Hemodynamics in Patients with ALI/ARDS
2011, 32(12)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To study the effect of short-term high-level PEEP on oxygen metabolism and hemodynamics in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome．Methods 40 cases with ALI/SRDS were randomly divided into study group （pressure control ventilation and short-term high-level PEEP， 22 cases） and control group（pressure control ventilation only，18 cases）．The changes of oxygenation，hemodynamics and prognosis of patients were compared between the two groups. Result After short-term high-level PEEP，there was a significant improving in PaO2，PaO2/FiO2 （P＜0.05） in the study group，but there was no significant difference in the the side effects and prognosis of patients．Conclusion Short-term high-level PEEP is effective and safe for patients with ALI/ARDS.
［Abstract］Objective To study the effect of short-term high-level PEEP on oxygen metabolism and hemodynamics in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome．Methods 40 cases with ALI/SRDS were randomly divided into study group （pressure control ventilation and short-term high-level PEEP， 22 cases） and control group（pressure control ventilation only，18 cases）．The changes of oxygenation，hemodynamics and prognosis of patients were compared between the two groups. Result After short-term high-level PEEP，there was a significant improving in PaO2，PaO2/FiO2 （P＜0.05） in the study group，but there was no significant difference in the the side effects and prognosis of patients．Conclusion Short-term high-level PEEP is effective and safe for patients with ALI/ARDS.
2011, 32(12)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To discuss preoperative digital subtract angiography and the clinical value of intra arterial embolization in the nosepharyngerl fibroangioma before surgical treatment．Methods Seldinger technology was used to conduct the bilateral internal and external carotid artery and vertebral artery angiography in the femoral artery．The blood supply artery of nosepharyngerl fibroangioma from external carotid artery was embolized by suerselective embolization，and the fibroangioma was removed 7 days after embolization．Results The tumor blood from the same lateral internal axillary artery was found in 7 patients，from the bilateral internal axillary artery was in 2 patients，from the same lateral internal axillary and pharyngeal artery was in 1 patient，and from the same lateral axillary artery and the branches of the internal carotid artery was in 1 patient．All patients whose branches of external carotid artery were given superselective embolization and had no serious complications．The 11 patients were given the operation after embolization and the bleeding from the tumor was sgnificantly reduced in the operation and the mean bood loss was 300 mL．Conclusion Digital subtract angiography and intrabascular emblolization is a safe and effective method in treatment of nosepharyngerl fibroangioma before surgical treatment.
［Abstract］Objective To discuss preoperative digital subtract angiography and the clinical value of intra arterial embolization in the nosepharyngerl fibroangioma before surgical treatment．Methods Seldinger technology was used to conduct the bilateral internal and external carotid artery and vertebral artery angiography in the femoral artery．The blood supply artery of nosepharyngerl fibroangioma from external carotid artery was embolized by suerselective embolization，and the fibroangioma was removed 7 days after embolization．Results The tumor blood from the same lateral internal axillary artery was found in 7 patients，from the bilateral internal axillary artery was in 2 patients，from the same lateral internal axillary and pharyngeal artery was in 1 patient，and from the same lateral axillary artery and the branches of the internal carotid artery was in 1 patient．All patients whose branches of external carotid artery were given superselective embolization and had no serious complications．The 11 patients were given the operation after embolization and the bleeding from the tumor was sgnificantly reduced in the operation and the mean bood loss was 300 mL．Conclusion Digital subtract angiography and intrabascular emblolization is a safe and effective method in treatment of nosepharyngerl fibroangioma before surgical treatment.
2011, 32(12)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To investigate the cognitive function and influencing factors in patients with status epilepticus．Methods We collected 20 cases of patients with status epilepticus，and compared them with the control group．We asscessed the cognitive function of them and analyzed the related influencing factors of cognitive function．Mini-mental state（MMSE），Digital span test（DST），Digital symbol test（DST），Trail making test（TMT），Verbal fluency test（VFT）were applied to evaluate the cognitive function of patients with status epilepticus．Results（1）Cognitive features：Neuropsychologic test scores of patients with status epilepticus were lower than normal control group by applying with MMSE，DST of WAIS-R，DST，TMT and VFT，and the differences were statistically significant（P＜0.01）. （2）Influencing factors of congnitive function：Level of education， age and the number of medication were the main factors affecting cognitive function of patients with status epilepticus by multivariate stepwise regression analysis，particular level of education was the most evident． Conclusions Patients with status epilepticus have cognitive impairment. Level of education，age and the number of drugs have an impact on cognitive function，and education level is the major influencing factor of cognitive function.
［Abstract］Objective To investigate the cognitive function and influencing factors in patients with status epilepticus．Methods We collected 20 cases of patients with status epilepticus，and compared them with the control group．We asscessed the cognitive function of them and analyzed the related influencing factors of cognitive function．Mini-mental state（MMSE），Digital span test（DST），Digital symbol test（DST），Trail making test（TMT），Verbal fluency test（VFT）were applied to evaluate the cognitive function of patients with status epilepticus．Results（1）Cognitive features：Neuropsychologic test scores of patients with status epilepticus were lower than normal control group by applying with MMSE，DST of WAIS-R，DST，TMT and VFT，and the differences were statistically significant（P＜0.01）. （2）Influencing factors of congnitive function：Level of education， age and the number of medication were the main factors affecting cognitive function of patients with status epilepticus by multivariate stepwise regression analysis，particular level of education was the most evident． Conclusions Patients with status epilepticus have cognitive impairment. Level of education，age and the number of drugs have an impact on cognitive function，and education level is the major influencing factor of cognitive function.
2011, 32(12)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and side effects of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy concomitant with temozolomide in the treatment of postoperative malignant gliomas in Chinese patients．Methods Twenty-three malignant glioma patients previously treated with resection of the tumor received three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide chemothreapy．Results The overall response rate was 82.6%．The progression-free survival was 73.9%（17/23）at 6 months and 52.2%（12/23）at 1 year respectively．The one- year survival rate was 69.6%（15/23）．All patients could well tolerate this treatment scheme．The main side effects were nausea and vomit．Conclusions Three dimensional conformal radiotherapy concomitant with temozolomide in the treatment of postoperative malignant gliomas demonstrates good tolerance and short-term efficacy.
［Abstract］Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and side effects of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy concomitant with temozolomide in the treatment of postoperative malignant gliomas in Chinese patients．Methods Twenty-three malignant glioma patients previously treated with resection of the tumor received three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide chemothreapy．Results The overall response rate was 82.6%．The progression-free survival was 73.9%（17/23）at 6 months and 52.2%（12/23）at 1 year respectively．The one- year survival rate was 69.6%（15/23）．All patients could well tolerate this treatment scheme．The main side effects were nausea and vomit．Conclusions Three dimensional conformal radiotherapy concomitant with temozolomide in the treatment of postoperative malignant gliomas demonstrates good tolerance and short-term efficacy.
2011, 32(12)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To analyze the causes of failure in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis after functional endoscopic sinus surgery，and to improve the surgical curative efficacy．Methods 426 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis（with or without polyps）undertook the functional endoscopic sinus surgey between December 2005 and Feburary 2010．Nasal septal，middle and inferior turbinate plasty were also operated if patients had a deviated nasal septum or chronic hypertrophic rhinitis．Results After one year follow-up， 393 cases were effective and the effective rate was 92.2%，33 cases recurred and the ineffictive rate was 7.8%．Conclusion To improve the efficacy，we must emphasize：comprehensive therapy，postoperative nasal irrigation，sinonasal dressing， minimally invasive operation.
［Abstract］Objective To analyze the causes of failure in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis after functional endoscopic sinus surgery，and to improve the surgical curative efficacy．Methods 426 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis（with or without polyps）undertook the functional endoscopic sinus surgey between December 2005 and Feburary 2010．Nasal septal，middle and inferior turbinate plasty were also operated if patients had a deviated nasal septum or chronic hypertrophic rhinitis．Results After one year follow-up， 393 cases were effective and the effective rate was 92.2%，33 cases recurred and the ineffictive rate was 7.8%．Conclusion To improve the efficacy，we must emphasize：comprehensive therapy，postoperative nasal irrigation，sinonasal dressing， minimally invasive operation.
2011, 32(12)
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［Abstract］Objective To investigate the clinical features and the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer and intestinal obstruction．Method The clinical data of 48 patients（2002.9－2010.9） with colorectal cancer and intestinal obstruction were retrospectively analyzed．Results All of the 48 cases of colorectal cancer and intestinal obstruction underwent surgery．25 cases were incomplete preoperative obstruction before surgery，includingⅠresection anastomosis in 22 cases（right colon cancer obstruction in 8 cases，left colorectal cancer obstruction in 14 cases）， short-circuit operation in 1 case，palliative colostomy in 2 cases；23 cases were complete preoperative obstruction before surgery，includingⅠresection anastomosis in 5 cases（both right colon cancer obstruction），a proximal stoma afterⅠresection in 12 patients（six months after stoma back satisfied in 6 cases），palliative stoma in 6 cases．Postoperative anastomotic leakage occurred in 2 cases，1 case recovered after unobstructed drainage and parenteral nutrition suppor，1 gave up treatment，and died at five days after left the hospital；pulmonary infection was fund in 6 cases；wound infection in was 8 cases．Conclusion Strengthening the understanding of colorectal cancer and intestinal obstruction， and choosing the timing of surgery and the surgical approach according to patients with specific conditions are the keys to improve the efficacy.
［Abstract］Objective To investigate the clinical features and the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer and intestinal obstruction．Method The clinical data of 48 patients（2002.9－2010.9） with colorectal cancer and intestinal obstruction were retrospectively analyzed．Results All of the 48 cases of colorectal cancer and intestinal obstruction underwent surgery．25 cases were incomplete preoperative obstruction before surgery，includingⅠresection anastomosis in 22 cases（right colon cancer obstruction in 8 cases，left colorectal cancer obstruction in 14 cases）， short-circuit operation in 1 case，palliative colostomy in 2 cases；23 cases were complete preoperative obstruction before surgery，includingⅠresection anastomosis in 5 cases（both right colon cancer obstruction），a proximal stoma afterⅠresection in 12 patients（six months after stoma back satisfied in 6 cases），palliative stoma in 6 cases．Postoperative anastomotic leakage occurred in 2 cases，1 case recovered after unobstructed drainage and parenteral nutrition suppor，1 gave up treatment，and died at five days after left the hospital；pulmonary infection was fund in 6 cases；wound infection in was 8 cases．Conclusion Strengthening the understanding of colorectal cancer and intestinal obstruction， and choosing the timing of surgery and the surgical approach according to patients with specific conditions are the keys to improve the efficacy.
2011, 32(12)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To summarize the surgical methods and efficacy with Neuroendoscope guided by Stereotaxis in treatment of brain parenchymal lesions，broaden the use of Neuroendoscope’s therapeutic range．Methods Under the guidance of Stereotaxis，neuroendoscopic operation was done into the brain parenchyma of 21 patients，lesions were removed．Results All cerebral lesions were resected，all patients' clinical symptoms were significantly improved with less complications and postoperative recovery. 15 cases were followed up for six months to one year，the prognosis was satisfactory．Conclusions Neuroendoscope guided by Stereotaxis in treatment of brain parenchymal lesions is satisfactory with fewer complications and trauma．It can achieve the true minimal invasion，change the idea of'no space，no endoscope’，which expanding the operation scope of Neuroendoscope.
［Abstract］Objective To summarize the surgical methods and efficacy with Neuroendoscope guided by Stereotaxis in treatment of brain parenchymal lesions，broaden the use of Neuroendoscope’s therapeutic range．Methods Under the guidance of Stereotaxis，neuroendoscopic operation was done into the brain parenchyma of 21 patients，lesions were removed．Results All cerebral lesions were resected，all patients' clinical symptoms were significantly improved with less complications and postoperative recovery. 15 cases were followed up for six months to one year，the prognosis was satisfactory．Conclusions Neuroendoscope guided by Stereotaxis in treatment of brain parenchymal lesions is satisfactory with fewer complications and trauma．It can achieve the true minimal invasion，change the idea of'no space，no endoscope’，which expanding the operation scope of Neuroendoscope.
2011, 32(12)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To explore the operative skills and experience in the treatment of penetrating heart injury．Methods Inpatients（45 cases）were enrolled from department of cardiovascular surgery from Oct 1999 to Jun 2011 in our study．All patients had accepted operative treatment．44 cases had accepted emergency operation and 1 case had accepted selective operation．There were 30 cases with left thoracotomy，13 cases with right thoracotomy and 2 cases with center thoracotomy．Results After emergency operation，43 patients without intracranial injury by ultrasonography survived and 2 cases died．The survival rate of 45 cases was 95.6%．Conclusions Early and timely diagnosis and emergency treatment can save the lives of patients with penetrating heart injury. It is important to select operative incision exactly according to different site of hurt.
［Abstract］Objective To explore the operative skills and experience in the treatment of penetrating heart injury．Methods Inpatients（45 cases）were enrolled from department of cardiovascular surgery from Oct 1999 to Jun 2011 in our study．All patients had accepted operative treatment．44 cases had accepted emergency operation and 1 case had accepted selective operation．There were 30 cases with left thoracotomy，13 cases with right thoracotomy and 2 cases with center thoracotomy．Results After emergency operation，43 patients without intracranial injury by ultrasonography survived and 2 cases died．The survival rate of 45 cases was 95.6%．Conclusions Early and timely diagnosis and emergency treatment can save the lives of patients with penetrating heart injury. It is important to select operative incision exactly according to different site of hurt.
2011, 32(12)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To investigate how to judge the vertebral canal is decompressed or not in the operation of thoracolumbar burst fracture via posterior approach．Methods 120 thoracolumbar burst fractures were treated with transpedicle screws-rods technique．We observed elaboratively if the posterior border of the burst vertebral body were pushed back into “one-line sign”or“antrorse arc line sign”on lateral fluoroscopy in the operation， and judged if the vertebral canal was decompressed．Comparing the data with CT scans after operation，there is a good concordance between the X-ray in operation and CT scan after operation with this method（P＞0.05）．Results The posterior border of the burst vertebral body and the dgree of compression of the vertebral canal could be oberved clearly on lateral fluoroscopy in the operation．There was a good concordance between the X-ray in operation and CT scan after operation with this method．Conclusion The“straight line”or “antrorse arc line” can be observed clearly on the fluroscopy in operation．If the decompression for spinal canal be enough can be judged exactly with this method.
［Abstract］Objective To investigate how to judge the vertebral canal is decompressed or not in the operation of thoracolumbar burst fracture via posterior approach．Methods 120 thoracolumbar burst fractures were treated with transpedicle screws-rods technique．We observed elaboratively if the posterior border of the burst vertebral body were pushed back into “one-line sign”or“antrorse arc line sign”on lateral fluoroscopy in the operation， and judged if the vertebral canal was decompressed．Comparing the data with CT scans after operation，there is a good concordance between the X-ray in operation and CT scan after operation with this method（P＞0.05）．Results The posterior border of the burst vertebral body and the dgree of compression of the vertebral canal could be oberved clearly on lateral fluoroscopy in the operation．There was a good concordance between the X-ray in operation and CT scan after operation with this method．Conclusion The“straight line”or “antrorse arc line” can be observed clearly on the fluroscopy in operation．If the decompression for spinal canal be enough can be judged exactly with this method.
2011, 32(12)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To sum up the clinical experience in the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fracture with transpedicular bone grafting，and to establish the specification of procedure in order to improve the safety and efficacy of the operation．Methods Transpedicular bone（autogenous，allogenic，artificial calcium acid phosphate bone，artificial bone with BMP）grafting after reduction and fixation was given 60 cases of thoracolumbar burst fracture via posterior approach．X-ray and CT were performed post-operation．Results Rod- broken was not found in all cases. The cavities were remained in two cases．The grafting bones were detected in the spinal canal in two cases．Fortunately，there was no symptoms of nerve injury．Four cases，the balloons were utilized to enlarge the cavity，were repletion of grafting bone．Conclusions In the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fracture with transpedicular bone grafting，we should pay attention to the following details：The cases，the height and the back edge of vertebral body can be performed reduction perfectly，can be choosed to perform the operation；we advocate to use the cannula with debouch of 30 degrees；To control the cannula towards the cavity and the debouch towards the middle of vertebral body；The balloon for PKP is the better choice if the economic status of patient is permitted.
［Abstract］Objective To sum up the clinical experience in the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fracture with transpedicular bone grafting，and to establish the specification of procedure in order to improve the safety and efficacy of the operation．Methods Transpedicular bone（autogenous，allogenic，artificial calcium acid phosphate bone，artificial bone with BMP）grafting after reduction and fixation was given 60 cases of thoracolumbar burst fracture via posterior approach．X-ray and CT were performed post-operation．Results Rod- broken was not found in all cases. The cavities were remained in two cases．The grafting bones were detected in the spinal canal in two cases．Fortunately，there was no symptoms of nerve injury．Four cases，the balloons were utilized to enlarge the cavity，were repletion of grafting bone．Conclusions In the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fracture with transpedicular bone grafting，we should pay attention to the following details：The cases，the height and the back edge of vertebral body can be performed reduction perfectly，can be choosed to perform the operation；we advocate to use the cannula with debouch of 30 degrees；To control the cannula towards the cavity and the debouch towards the middle of vertebral body；The balloon for PKP is the better choice if the economic status of patient is permitted.
2011, 32(12)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To study the clinical effect for treating the impacted anterior maxillary teeth by surgery and orthodontics．Method 19 cases with impacted anterior maxillary teeth were treated by surgical and orthodontic approach and aligned into the dentition．Results 1 case of maxillary central incisor was stoped treatment after three months traction for other reasons．The rest cases were all successfully tracted and aligned into the dental arc，well occluding relation and no complications．Conclusion Combined treatment of surgery and orthodontics is an effective method to treat the impacted anterior maxillary teeth.
［Abstract］Objective To study the clinical effect for treating the impacted anterior maxillary teeth by surgery and orthodontics．Method 19 cases with impacted anterior maxillary teeth were treated by surgical and orthodontic approach and aligned into the dentition．Results 1 case of maxillary central incisor was stoped treatment after three months traction for other reasons．The rest cases were all successfully tracted and aligned into the dental arc，well occluding relation and no complications．Conclusion Combined treatment of surgery and orthodontics is an effective method to treat the impacted anterior maxillary teeth.
2011, 32(12)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To observe and compare the effect of laparoscopic appendectomy（LA）and open appendectomy（OA）in eldly patients with acute suppurative appendicitis．Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 20 cases of laparoscopic appendectomy and 22 cases of open appendectomy．We compared the differences between the two methods in the average incision size，operation time，ambulation time，postoperative pain relievers utilization rate，postoperative anal exhaust time，incision infection rates，hospitalization time and hospitalization total cost．Results There were significant differences between laparoscopic appendectomy and open appendectomy in these indexes（P＜0.05），except the operation time and hospitalization total cost（P＞0.05）．Conclusion Compared with open appendectomy，laparoscopic appendectomy has much better effects for the eldly patients with acute suppurative appendicitis because of its advantages of minimal invasion，early recovery and few complications.
［Abstract］Objective To observe and compare the effect of laparoscopic appendectomy（LA）and open appendectomy（OA）in eldly patients with acute suppurative appendicitis．Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 20 cases of laparoscopic appendectomy and 22 cases of open appendectomy．We compared the differences between the two methods in the average incision size，operation time，ambulation time，postoperative pain relievers utilization rate，postoperative anal exhaust time，incision infection rates，hospitalization time and hospitalization total cost．Results There were significant differences between laparoscopic appendectomy and open appendectomy in these indexes（P＜0.05），except the operation time and hospitalization total cost（P＞0.05）．Conclusion Compared with open appendectomy，laparoscopic appendectomy has much better effects for the eldly patients with acute suppurative appendicitis because of its advantages of minimal invasion，early recovery and few complications.
2011, 32(12)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To investigate and research marginalized reason and countermeasure on track and field teaching for students in Kunming Medical University．Methods Marginalized reason of track and field teaching was analysised by the questionnaire method．Results teachers’track and field teaching was lack of art， track and field course was lack of interest，teachers and students were lack of value cognition to track and field course, popularization degree and evaluation of track and field course was lack of science．Conclusion To improve understanding in value cognition on the track and field sports, to strengthen the innovation of track and field teaching contents, and to establish a scientific evaluation system will be the important countermeasures to solve marginalization of track and field teaching.
［Abstract］Objective To investigate and research marginalized reason and countermeasure on track and field teaching for students in Kunming Medical University．Methods Marginalized reason of track and field teaching was analysised by the questionnaire method．Results teachers’track and field teaching was lack of art， track and field course was lack of interest，teachers and students were lack of value cognition to track and field course, popularization degree and evaluation of track and field course was lack of science．Conclusion To improve understanding in value cognition on the track and field sports, to strengthen the innovation of track and field teaching contents, and to establish a scientific evaluation system will be the important countermeasures to solve marginalization of track and field teaching.
2011, 32(12)
Abstract:
Objective To study the issues concerning about the composition and organization of the teaching material on Medical Genetics，to analyze the application of new integration project of teaching material in teaching practice．Methods Two class in Yunnan Medical College were divided into 2 groups，one of which（Study Group ）were taught according to the new integration project of teaching material and the other of which（Control Group）were taught according to the textbook's content sequence．After semester，grades for everyone and questionnaires were recorded and analyzed by mathematic statistics．Results The studying achievement and interests of students were higher in the testing class which was taught according to the new integration project of teaching material than those in che control class which was taught according to the textbook's content sequence．Conclusion The new integration project of teaching material from this thesis has high value in the field of theory and practice and can help to improve teaching effect of Medical Genetics.
2011, 32(12)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To investigate and analyze interests in physical education for college girls in Dali College．Method Learning enthusiasm of physical education on part of girls in Dali College was investigated by survey methods．Result The reason that most of the college girls were not interested in physical education was related to boring teaching content， the image， professional level and working way of teachers，and the own ideological and psychological conflict of college girls．Conclusion The physical education is developed according to modern values and psychological characteristics of college girls， to improve college girls’interest in physical education is an important countermeasure.
［Abstract］Objective To investigate and analyze interests in physical education for college girls in Dali College．Method Learning enthusiasm of physical education on part of girls in Dali College was investigated by survey methods．Result The reason that most of the college girls were not interested in physical education was related to boring teaching content， the image， professional level and working way of teachers，and the own ideological and psychological conflict of college girls．Conclusion The physical education is developed according to modern values and psychological characteristics of college girls， to improve college girls’interest in physical education is an important countermeasure.
2011, 32(12)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To investigate the prevalence and the phenotype of Helicobacter pylori（Hp） infection and the human leukocyte antigen（HLA）-DR expression in the peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes in family members of children with recurrent abdominal pain，and to explore the association between HLA-DR expression and Hp-associated recurrent abdominal pain．Methods Venous blood specimen was obtained from 57 family members of 13 children with recurrent abdominal pain and 37 adult volunteers for HLA-DR expression on monocytes by flow cytometry and for the Hp type by Hp immunophenotyping method．Individuals were divided into children with recurrent abdominal pain， adult family members with recurrent abdominal pain and the normal control group according to symptoms．The phenotype of Hp infection and the human leukocyte antigen （HLA）-DR expression in the peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes were analyzed and compared among the three groups．Results The positive rate of Hp immunophenotyping antibody test in 94 individuals was 67.0%， and the percent of HpⅠtype was 80.95% while HpⅡtype was 19.05%. The positive rate of Hp in 57 family members of children with recurrent abdominal pain was 94.7%，and the percent of HpⅠtype was 77.8% while HpⅡtype was 22.2%．Hp immunophenotype was similar in the same family. Hp infection had the family cluster and line phenomenon．The expression of HLA-DR in peripheral blood monocytes among three groups had difference （H＝10.624，P＜0.05），children and family members with recurrent abdominal pain expressed higher than those without recurrent abdominal pain，but the result had no difference in lymphocytes（H＝0.966，P＞0.617）．Conclusions The seropositive rate of Hp antibodies is high in the family members with recurrent abdominal pain. There is the familial cluster and line phenomenon in the family members with recurrent abdominal pain by Hp infection. The higher expression of HLA-DR on monocytes in familial members with recurrent abdominal pain caused by Hp infection may be associated with active immunological function stimulated by Hp chronic infection.
［Abstract］Objective To investigate the prevalence and the phenotype of Helicobacter pylori（Hp） infection and the human leukocyte antigen（HLA）-DR expression in the peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes in family members of children with recurrent abdominal pain，and to explore the association between HLA-DR expression and Hp-associated recurrent abdominal pain．Methods Venous blood specimen was obtained from 57 family members of 13 children with recurrent abdominal pain and 37 adult volunteers for HLA-DR expression on monocytes by flow cytometry and for the Hp type by Hp immunophenotyping method．Individuals were divided into children with recurrent abdominal pain， adult family members with recurrent abdominal pain and the normal control group according to symptoms．The phenotype of Hp infection and the human leukocyte antigen （HLA）-DR expression in the peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes were analyzed and compared among the three groups．Results The positive rate of Hp immunophenotyping antibody test in 94 individuals was 67.0%， and the percent of HpⅠtype was 80.95% while HpⅡtype was 19.05%. The positive rate of Hp in 57 family members of children with recurrent abdominal pain was 94.7%，and the percent of HpⅠtype was 77.8% while HpⅡtype was 22.2%．Hp immunophenotype was similar in the same family. Hp infection had the family cluster and line phenomenon．The expression of HLA-DR in peripheral blood monocytes among three groups had difference （H＝10.624，P＜0.05），children and family members with recurrent abdominal pain expressed higher than those without recurrent abdominal pain，but the result had no difference in lymphocytes（H＝0.966，P＞0.617）．Conclusions The seropositive rate of Hp antibodies is high in the family members with recurrent abdominal pain. There is the familial cluster and line phenomenon in the family members with recurrent abdominal pain by Hp infection. The higher expression of HLA-DR on monocytes in familial members with recurrent abdominal pain caused by Hp infection may be associated with active immunological function stimulated by Hp chronic infection.
2011, 32(12)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To observe the efficacy of Panax notognsens（PNS）combined with heparin in the treatment of hypercoagulable status and hperlipidemia in children with nephrotic syndrome．Methods 128 in-patient nephrotic syndrome children with hypercoagulable and hperlipidemia were selected and were treated with full Dosage Prednisonum［2 mg/(kg.d)，maximal dose 60 mg/d］and were randomly divided into 3 groups：heparin group［Prednisonum+heparin 125 u/(kg.d)，n＝42］，PNS group［Prednisonum+PNS 10 mg/(kg.d)，n＝43］and therapeutic alliance group［Prednisonum+heparin 125 μ/(kg.d)+PNS 10 mg/(kg.d)，n＝43］．The treatment lasted for 4 weeks．24 hours urine protein，blood Alb，Chol，TG，BUN，Scr and blood clotting function（PT， APTT，Fg，DD）were detected before and after 3 weeks of treatment．Results The complete remission rate of therapeutic alliance group was 81.40%，which was significantly higher than that of heparin group and PNS group（P＜0.05）． 24 hours urine protein，blood Chol，TG and blood Fg，DD were significantly decreased and blood Alb was significantly increased after treatment than before（P＜0.05）．The changing of 24 hours urine protein and blood Alb of therapeutic alliance group was significantly different compared heparin group and PNS group（P＜0.05）．The blood Chol and TG of therapeutic alliance group and PNS group were significantly decreased than that of heparin group（P＜0.05）．The blood Fg and DD of therapeutic alliance group was significantly decreased than that of heparin group and PNS group（P＜0.05）．Conclusion PHS combined with heparin has better effect in the treatment of children with nephritic syndrome complicating with hypercoagulable status and hyperlipidemia.
［Abstract］Objective To observe the efficacy of Panax notognsens（PNS）combined with heparin in the treatment of hypercoagulable status and hperlipidemia in children with nephrotic syndrome．Methods 128 in-patient nephrotic syndrome children with hypercoagulable and hperlipidemia were selected and were treated with full Dosage Prednisonum［2 mg/(kg.d)，maximal dose 60 mg/d］and were randomly divided into 3 groups：heparin group［Prednisonum+heparin 125 u/(kg.d)，n＝42］，PNS group［Prednisonum+PNS 10 mg/(kg.d)，n＝43］and therapeutic alliance group［Prednisonum+heparin 125 μ/(kg.d)+PNS 10 mg/(kg.d)，n＝43］．The treatment lasted for 4 weeks．24 hours urine protein，blood Alb，Chol，TG，BUN，Scr and blood clotting function（PT， APTT，Fg，DD）were detected before and after 3 weeks of treatment．Results The complete remission rate of therapeutic alliance group was 81.40%，which was significantly higher than that of heparin group and PNS group（P＜0.05）． 24 hours urine protein，blood Chol，TG and blood Fg，DD were significantly decreased and blood Alb was significantly increased after treatment than before（P＜0.05）．The changing of 24 hours urine protein and blood Alb of therapeutic alliance group was significantly different compared heparin group and PNS group（P＜0.05）．The blood Chol and TG of therapeutic alliance group and PNS group were significantly decreased than that of heparin group（P＜0.05）．The blood Fg and DD of therapeutic alliance group was significantly decreased than that of heparin group and PNS group（P＜0.05）．Conclusion PHS combined with heparin has better effect in the treatment of children with nephritic syndrome complicating with hypercoagulable status and hyperlipidemia.
2011, 32(12): 1-1.
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To provide evidence for the therapy effect of neuronal factor GAP-43 after spinal cord injury by observating the expression changes of Nogo-A in complete spinal cord injury rats．Methods Seventy-five 8-week-aged female rats were divided into three groups randomly：the GAP-43 antibody therapy group，the GAP-43 antigen therapy group and control group，with 25 rats in each group．After GAP-43 antibody or antigen being injected into the sectioned sites of the damaged spinal cord，the behavioral scores of the rats were evaluated at different time，while H-E staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to examine the expression of Nogo-A in the damaged spinal areas．Results The results showed that the BBB score was the lowest in the control group and the highest in the antigen group， in which remarkable recovery of pathological changes of spinal cord was observed．The positive neurons’amount of Nogo-A was fewer than other groups and had negative correlation with the physical reconstruction．Conclusion GAP-43 has an antagonism with Nogo-A and has the potent neuro protective effects in the therapy for SCI.
［Abstract］Objective To provide evidence for the therapy effect of neuronal factor GAP-43 after spinal cord injury by observating the expression changes of Nogo-A in complete spinal cord injury rats．Methods Seventy-five 8-week-aged female rats were divided into three groups randomly：the GAP-43 antibody therapy group，the GAP-43 antigen therapy group and control group，with 25 rats in each group．After GAP-43 antibody or antigen being injected into the sectioned sites of the damaged spinal cord，the behavioral scores of the rats were evaluated at different time，while H-E staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to examine the expression of Nogo-A in the damaged spinal areas．Results The results showed that the BBB score was the lowest in the control group and the highest in the antigen group， in which remarkable recovery of pathological changes of spinal cord was observed．The positive neurons’amount of Nogo-A was fewer than other groups and had negative correlation with the physical reconstruction．Conclusion GAP-43 has an antagonism with Nogo-A and has the potent neuro protective effects in the therapy for SCI.
