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RSS2016 Vol. 37, No. 05
2016, 37(05)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To explore the activition and polarization of microglia in the epileptic rats induced by lithium chloride-pilocarpine. Methods One hundred male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: control group and different time points model groups including 1d，3d，7d and 14d. Epilepsy models were established by lithium chloride-pilocarpine intraperitoneal injection. The control group was given the same dosage of normal saline. The morphology change was detected by immunofluorescence， and the expressions of iNOS and Arg-1 were determined by IHC at respective time points. Results Compared the model groups with control group， microglia was activated， synapsis was shorten，volume got bigger， most of them seemed as amoebocyte， the expression of iNOS increased and Arg-1 decreased，especially at 3d．Conclusion The results from this study indicated that microglia was activated and polarized in epileptic rats induced by pilocarpine.
［Abstract］Objective To explore the activition and polarization of microglia in the epileptic rats induced by lithium chloride-pilocarpine. Methods One hundred male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: control group and different time points model groups including 1d，3d，7d and 14d. Epilepsy models were established by lithium chloride-pilocarpine intraperitoneal injection. The control group was given the same dosage of normal saline. The morphology change was detected by immunofluorescence， and the expressions of iNOS and Arg-1 were determined by IHC at respective time points. Results Compared the model groups with control group， microglia was activated， synapsis was shorten，volume got bigger， most of them seemed as amoebocyte， the expression of iNOS increased and Arg-1 decreased，especially at 3d．Conclusion The results from this study indicated that microglia was activated and polarized in epileptic rats induced by pilocarpine.
2016, 37(05)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To discuss the association of allele polymorphisms SNP-rs1799724 （C＞T） in the TNF-α and SNP-rs11559013（G＞A） in the ALCAM with HCV chronic infection in Han population in Yunnan province. Methods 434 HCV chronic infectious patients and 444 healthy individuals of Han Chinese population in Yunnan province were recruited. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） in the SNP-rs1799724（C＞T） of TNF-α gene and SNP-rs11559013（G＞A）of ALCAM gene were determined by real-time TaqMan polymerase chain reaction. We evaluated the associations of the two SNPs with HCV chronic infection. Results The distributions of allele and genotype of SNP-rs1799724（C＞T） in the TNF-α and SNP-rs11559013（G＞A）in the ALCAM between hepatitis C virus （HCV） chronic infectious patients and the healthy controls were not statistically significant （P > 0.05）. Conclusion SNP-rs1799724（C＞T） in the TNF-α and SNP-rs11559013（G＞A） in the ALCAM have no association with HCV chronic infection in the Han population in Yunnan province.
［Abstract］Objective To discuss the association of allele polymorphisms SNP-rs1799724 （C＞T） in the TNF-α and SNP-rs11559013（G＞A） in the ALCAM with HCV chronic infection in Han population in Yunnan province. Methods 434 HCV chronic infectious patients and 444 healthy individuals of Han Chinese population in Yunnan province were recruited. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） in the SNP-rs1799724（C＞T） of TNF-α gene and SNP-rs11559013（G＞A）of ALCAM gene were determined by real-time TaqMan polymerase chain reaction. We evaluated the associations of the two SNPs with HCV chronic infection. Results The distributions of allele and genotype of SNP-rs1799724（C＞T） in the TNF-α and SNP-rs11559013（G＞A）in the ALCAM between hepatitis C virus （HCV） chronic infectious patients and the healthy controls were not statistically significant （P > 0.05）. Conclusion SNP-rs1799724（C＞T） in the TNF-α and SNP-rs11559013（G＞A） in the ALCAM have no association with HCV chronic infection in the Han population in Yunnan province.
2016, 37(05)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To explore whether IL-27 inhibited the pulmonary fibrosis through regulating the expression of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model. Methods Forty male C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into normal control group（group A）， bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis group （group B）， bleomycin+IL-27 group（group C）and bleomycin+IL-27 antibody group （group D） with 10 in each. Five mice in each group were sacrificed on days 7 and 28 after with intratracheal bleomycin. TGF-βR1， Smad1 and Smad3 in right lung tissue were measured by Western Blot. Results 1. In the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model， the expression of TGF-βR1 was higher on days 7 and 28， which was inhibited by IL-27. 2. The expressions of p-Smad1 and p-Smad3 were highest in group D on days 7 and 28， but were lower in group C on day 7 than those in group B. Conclusion Exogenous IL-27 might alleviate pulmonary fibrosis through inhibiting the related protein phosphorylation in TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.
［Abstract］Objective To explore whether IL-27 inhibited the pulmonary fibrosis through regulating the expression of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model. Methods Forty male C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into normal control group（group A）， bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis group （group B）， bleomycin+IL-27 group（group C）and bleomycin+IL-27 antibody group （group D） with 10 in each. Five mice in each group were sacrificed on days 7 and 28 after with intratracheal bleomycin. TGF-βR1， Smad1 and Smad3 in right lung tissue were measured by Western Blot. Results 1. In the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model， the expression of TGF-βR1 was higher on days 7 and 28， which was inhibited by IL-27. 2. The expressions of p-Smad1 and p-Smad3 were highest in group D on days 7 and 28， but were lower in group C on day 7 than those in group B. Conclusion Exogenous IL-27 might alleviate pulmonary fibrosis through inhibiting the related protein phosphorylation in TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.
2016, 37(05)
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［Abstract］Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of body weight related index and to explore the relationship between weight related index and cardiovascular diseases in rural residents in Yunnan Province. Methods By random cluster sampling method，rural residents were selected in Yunnan Province. The data were collected by face-to-face questionnaire and medical examination. Results 4070 rural residents in Yunnan participated in this study. The survey results showed that gender，age，education level and ethnicity affected both the distribution of body weight related index and low body weight，overweight，obesity，and central obesity（P < 0.05）. Compared with low body weight， non overweight， non obesity and non central obesity group，non low body weight， overweight， obesity and central obesity group had higher prevalence rate of hypertension（P < 0.01）. Among central obesity group， the prevalence rate of coronary heart disease was higher than non central obesity group（P < 0.01）. Conclusion The distribution of body weight related index in rural residents of Yunnan province showed some special characteristic. The overweight，obesity，and central obesity were related to cardiovascular diseases. Change unhealthy living habits or behavior as well as improving their cultural quality have effects on controlling body weight related index and help to reduce the prevalence rates of overweight，obesity and central obesity which can further reduce the prevalence rates of cardiovascular diseases.
［Abstract］Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of body weight related index and to explore the relationship between weight related index and cardiovascular diseases in rural residents in Yunnan Province. Methods By random cluster sampling method，rural residents were selected in Yunnan Province. The data were collected by face-to-face questionnaire and medical examination. Results 4070 rural residents in Yunnan participated in this study. The survey results showed that gender，age，education level and ethnicity affected both the distribution of body weight related index and low body weight，overweight，obesity，and central obesity（P < 0.05）. Compared with low body weight， non overweight， non obesity and non central obesity group，non low body weight， overweight， obesity and central obesity group had higher prevalence rate of hypertension（P < 0.01）. Among central obesity group， the prevalence rate of coronary heart disease was higher than non central obesity group（P < 0.01）. Conclusion The distribution of body weight related index in rural residents of Yunnan province showed some special characteristic. The overweight，obesity，and central obesity were related to cardiovascular diseases. Change unhealthy living habits or behavior as well as improving their cultural quality have effects on controlling body weight related index and help to reduce the prevalence rates of overweight，obesity and central obesity which can further reduce the prevalence rates of cardiovascular diseases.
2016, 37(05)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To study the genetic polymorphism of 20 autosomal short tandem repeats （STR） loci in Yunnan Han population. Methods The 20 STR loci （D3S1358， D1S1656， D6S1043， D13S317， Penta E，D16S539，D18S51，D2S1338，CSF1PO，Penta D，TH01，vWA，D21S11， D7S820， D5S818， TPOX，D8S1179，D12S391，D19S433 and FGA）which were included in the PowerPlexR21 System kit were genotyped in 1085 unrelated Han individuals living in Yunnan province using multiplex amplication. PCR products were separated and analyzed by the AB 3130 automatic genetic analyzer and GeneMapper ID v3.2 software. Forensic parameters of each locus were calculated by Modified-Powerstates software. Results All the studied loci except for TH01 and TPOX were highly polymorphic. The observed heterozygosity（Ho）ranged from 0.6130 to 0.8743. Match probability （PM）ranged from 0.0179 to 0.2030. Power of discrimination（DP）ranged from 0.7970 to 0.9821. Probability of exclusion（PE）ranged from 0.3067 to 0.7432. Paternity index（PI）ranged from 1.2919 to 3.9766.Polymorphism information content（PIC）ranged from 0.5598 to 0.8958. No deviation of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed. Conclusion The studied 20 STR loci were highly polymorphic in Yunnan Han population and could be used in forensic individual identification and paternity testing practice.
［Abstract］Objective To study the genetic polymorphism of 20 autosomal short tandem repeats （STR） loci in Yunnan Han population. Methods The 20 STR loci （D3S1358， D1S1656， D6S1043， D13S317， Penta E，D16S539，D18S51，D2S1338，CSF1PO，Penta D，TH01，vWA，D21S11， D7S820， D5S818， TPOX，D8S1179，D12S391，D19S433 and FGA）which were included in the PowerPlexR21 System kit were genotyped in 1085 unrelated Han individuals living in Yunnan province using multiplex amplication. PCR products were separated and analyzed by the AB 3130 automatic genetic analyzer and GeneMapper ID v3.2 software. Forensic parameters of each locus were calculated by Modified-Powerstates software. Results All the studied loci except for TH01 and TPOX were highly polymorphic. The observed heterozygosity（Ho）ranged from 0.6130 to 0.8743. Match probability （PM）ranged from 0.0179 to 0.2030. Power of discrimination（DP）ranged from 0.7970 to 0.9821. Probability of exclusion（PE）ranged from 0.3067 to 0.7432. Paternity index（PI）ranged from 1.2919 to 3.9766.Polymorphism information content（PIC）ranged from 0.5598 to 0.8958. No deviation of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed. Conclusion The studied 20 STR loci were highly polymorphic in Yunnan Han population and could be used in forensic individual identification and paternity testing practice.
2016, 37(05)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective The purpose of this study was to observe the correlation of mTOR and VEGF gene with nephropathy indicators in diabetic rats. Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley（SD）rats were divided into diabetes mellitus group （DM＝28） and control group （NDM＝20）. Diabetic models were produced by injection of streptozotocin. In the courses of 12，16，20 and 24 weeks， the histology scores（HS）and glomerular basement membrane（GBM）thickness were collected. The protein and mRNA expressions of the gene of mTOR，VEGF and VEGFR2 were observed by immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （RT-Q-PCR）by SYBR Green. And the standardized cycle of threshold （SCt） was regarded as the indicators of the mRNA expression. Results HS and GBM thickness were significantly higher in DM rats than those in NDM rats，especially in DM rats of the courses of 20 and 24 weeks （P < 0.01）. IHC scores of VEGF and VEGFR2 were higher in total DM rats and were positively correlated with each other. There were positive correlations between HS with VEGF and VEGFR2 in total DM rats （P < 0.05）. SCts of VEGF and VEGFR2 were significantly higher and were positively correlated with each other in total DM rats （P < 0.01）. SCt of VEGF and GBM thickness showed positive correlation in total DM rats. SCt of VEGF was highest in the course of 12w DM rats. SCt of VEGFR2 gradually decreased following by the diabetic course， and was lowest in the course of 24w. There were no significantly differences in IHC scores and SCt of mTOR between DM and NDM rats. But the IHC scores of mTOR， VEGF and VEGFR2 were positively correlated with each other and with HS in total DM rats （P < 0.05）. Conclusion HS and GBM thickness were higher in diabetic rats， especially in the course of 24w， which could reflect the injury of nephropathy. The protein and mRNA of VEGF and VEGFR2 were high expressed in kidney of DM rats and increased with the increasing of diabetic course. The mRNA expression of VEGF was positively correlated with GBM thickness of in diabetic nephropathy （DN）. The protein expressions of mTOR， VEGF and VEGFR2 might have synergistic effects in DN of DM rats. But the results could not exclude the influences of different courses， sample size and experimental conditions
［Abstract］Objective The purpose of this study was to observe the correlation of mTOR and VEGF gene with nephropathy indicators in diabetic rats. Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley（SD）rats were divided into diabetes mellitus group （DM＝28） and control group （NDM＝20）. Diabetic models were produced by injection of streptozotocin. In the courses of 12，16，20 and 24 weeks， the histology scores（HS）and glomerular basement membrane（GBM）thickness were collected. The protein and mRNA expressions of the gene of mTOR，VEGF and VEGFR2 were observed by immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （RT-Q-PCR）by SYBR Green. And the standardized cycle of threshold （SCt） was regarded as the indicators of the mRNA expression. Results HS and GBM thickness were significantly higher in DM rats than those in NDM rats，especially in DM rats of the courses of 20 and 24 weeks （P < 0.01）. IHC scores of VEGF and VEGFR2 were higher in total DM rats and were positively correlated with each other. There were positive correlations between HS with VEGF and VEGFR2 in total DM rats （P < 0.05）. SCts of VEGF and VEGFR2 were significantly higher and were positively correlated with each other in total DM rats （P < 0.01）. SCt of VEGF and GBM thickness showed positive correlation in total DM rats. SCt of VEGF was highest in the course of 12w DM rats. SCt of VEGFR2 gradually decreased following by the diabetic course， and was lowest in the course of 24w. There were no significantly differences in IHC scores and SCt of mTOR between DM and NDM rats. But the IHC scores of mTOR， VEGF and VEGFR2 were positively correlated with each other and with HS in total DM rats （P < 0.05）. Conclusion HS and GBM thickness were higher in diabetic rats， especially in the course of 24w， which could reflect the injury of nephropathy. The protein and mRNA of VEGF and VEGFR2 were high expressed in kidney of DM rats and increased with the increasing of diabetic course. The mRNA expression of VEGF was positively correlated with GBM thickness of in diabetic nephropathy （DN）. The protein expressions of mTOR， VEGF and VEGFR2 might have synergistic effects in DN of DM rats. But the results could not exclude the influences of different courses， sample size and experimental conditions
2016, 37(05)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To seek the effect of SGK1 on the protection and prognosis of cerebral ischemia reperfusion. Methods Animal model of rats was used to construct them into experimental group（A）and control group（B）. The impact of cerebral ischemia reperfusion on the hippocampus neuron cell apoptosis was simulated by making the overexpression of SGK1 and using PI3K inhibitors LY294002 to deal with animal models. Results The overexpression of SGK1 could reduce the neuron cell apoptosis caused by cerebral ischemia reperfusion to a certain extent，reverse the expressions of Cleaved aspas 3 protein，pro-apoptotic protein Bax and inhibitor of apoptoasis protein Bcl-2 through the PI3K/Akt-mediated signaling pathway. Conclusion SGK1 can protect the tissues with ischemia-reperfusion，which may provide the biological evidence for future clinical applications.
［Abstract］Objective To seek the effect of SGK1 on the protection and prognosis of cerebral ischemia reperfusion. Methods Animal model of rats was used to construct them into experimental group（A）and control group（B）. The impact of cerebral ischemia reperfusion on the hippocampus neuron cell apoptosis was simulated by making the overexpression of SGK1 and using PI3K inhibitors LY294002 to deal with animal models. Results The overexpression of SGK1 could reduce the neuron cell apoptosis caused by cerebral ischemia reperfusion to a certain extent，reverse the expressions of Cleaved aspas 3 protein，pro-apoptotic protein Bax and inhibitor of apoptoasis protein Bcl-2 through the PI3K/Akt-mediated signaling pathway. Conclusion SGK1 can protect the tissues with ischemia-reperfusion，which may provide the biological evidence for future clinical applications.
2016, 37(05)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of fragile site WWOX gene on regulating proliferation of gallbladder cancer cells in vitro. Methods The pcDNA3.0 - WWOX recombinant plasmid which was previous successfully built was transfected to GBC-SD cells and empty carrier by liposome medium. Liposome and GBC-SD were served as the negative control and the blank control， respectively. After 48 hours transfection， inverted microscope was used to observe the changes of gallbladder cancer cells' morphology， MTT and BrdU were used to detect the proliferation level of gallbladder cancer cells，and flow cytometry instrument was used to detect the change of the cell proliferation cycle. Results The results of inverted microscope shown: the number of GBC-SD cells in pcDNA3.0-WWOX group decreased significantly，the suspension cells and cell debris increased，while cells in the vector control，NC and Mock groups were in normal proliferation state. MTT test showed the proliferation levels of GBC-SD cells in pcDNA3.0-WWOX group was lower than those in the control group in 24 h，48 h，72 h， 96 h and 120 h， and the differences were statistically significant（P < 0.05）. The cell proliferation activity in the pcDNA3.0-WWOX group was obviously inhibited over time. BrdU detection results showed the cell proliferation rate of pcDNA3.0 - WWOX group was（0.44±0.03）， while that in the three control groups was（0.78±0.02）， （0.81±0.01）and（0.85±0.01）， respectively. It showed that cell proliferation activity in pcDNA3.0-WWOX group was lower than the control groups， and the difference was statistically significant （P < 0.05）. Cell cycle detection showed the cells increased in G0/G1 phase and decreased in G2/M and S phases of pcDNA3.0-WWOX group. The cell apoptosis rate was significantly higher and the proliferation index was significantly lower than those of the control groups （P < 0.05）. However， there were no significant differences among the three control groups（P > 0.05）. Conclusion The overexpression of WWOX gene in vitro could effectively inhibit the proliferation activity of gallbladder cancer cells. WWOX might participate in the development of the malignant biological behavior of gallbladder cancer cells. It is expected to become a new potential target for the gene therapy to gallbladder cancer.
［Abstract］Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of fragile site WWOX gene on regulating proliferation of gallbladder cancer cells in vitro. Methods The pcDNA3.0 - WWOX recombinant plasmid which was previous successfully built was transfected to GBC-SD cells and empty carrier by liposome medium. Liposome and GBC-SD were served as the negative control and the blank control， respectively. After 48 hours transfection， inverted microscope was used to observe the changes of gallbladder cancer cells' morphology， MTT and BrdU were used to detect the proliferation level of gallbladder cancer cells，and flow cytometry instrument was used to detect the change of the cell proliferation cycle. Results The results of inverted microscope shown: the number of GBC-SD cells in pcDNA3.0-WWOX group decreased significantly，the suspension cells and cell debris increased，while cells in the vector control，NC and Mock groups were in normal proliferation state. MTT test showed the proliferation levels of GBC-SD cells in pcDNA3.0-WWOX group was lower than those in the control group in 24 h，48 h，72 h， 96 h and 120 h， and the differences were statistically significant（P < 0.05）. The cell proliferation activity in the pcDNA3.0-WWOX group was obviously inhibited over time. BrdU detection results showed the cell proliferation rate of pcDNA3.0 - WWOX group was（0.44±0.03）， while that in the three control groups was（0.78±0.02）， （0.81±0.01）and（0.85±0.01）， respectively. It showed that cell proliferation activity in pcDNA3.0-WWOX group was lower than the control groups， and the difference was statistically significant （P < 0.05）. Cell cycle detection showed the cells increased in G0/G1 phase and decreased in G2/M and S phases of pcDNA3.0-WWOX group. The cell apoptosis rate was significantly higher and the proliferation index was significantly lower than those of the control groups （P < 0.05）. However， there were no significant differences among the three control groups（P > 0.05）. Conclusion The overexpression of WWOX gene in vitro could effectively inhibit the proliferation activity of gallbladder cancer cells. WWOX might participate in the development of the malignant biological behavior of gallbladder cancer cells. It is expected to become a new potential target for the gene therapy to gallbladder cancer.
2016, 37(05)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To investigate the anti-fibrotic effect of Kudancao tablets on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats . Methods Forty healthy adult SD rats（200±20g）were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group（without any treatment），normal saline group（intratracheal instillation of normal saline ），model group（intratracheal instillation of 5mg/kg of Bleomycin）and kudancao tablets group（intragastric administration of kudancao tablets suspended in normal saline， 0.705g/(100 g.d)，2 times/day and for 5 times， then intratracheal instillation of 5 mg/kg of Bleomycin 1h later ）. Rats in all groups were scraficed 14d and 28d after intratracheal instillation. Alkali hydrolysis method was used to detect the HYP content in lung tissues. The pathological changes were observed with HE staining and silver staining. Results Compared with the normal control group and normal saline group， the HYP content in the lung tissues of rats in model group increased significantly（P＜0.01）. Compared with the model group， the HYP content in the lung tissues of rats in kudancao tablets group decreased significantly（P＜0.01）. Pathological examination showed that significant fibrotic changes were found in lungs of rats in model group，while the fibrotic changes were ameliorated in lungs of rats in kudancao tablets group. Conclusion Kudancao tablets may decrease the hydroxyproline content in lung tissues， and ameliorate the fibrotic degree of lungs of rats with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
［Abstract］Objective To investigate the anti-fibrotic effect of Kudancao tablets on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats . Methods Forty healthy adult SD rats（200±20g）were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group（without any treatment），normal saline group（intratracheal instillation of normal saline ），model group（intratracheal instillation of 5mg/kg of Bleomycin）and kudancao tablets group（intragastric administration of kudancao tablets suspended in normal saline， 0.705g/(100 g.d)，2 times/day and for 5 times， then intratracheal instillation of 5 mg/kg of Bleomycin 1h later ）. Rats in all groups were scraficed 14d and 28d after intratracheal instillation. Alkali hydrolysis method was used to detect the HYP content in lung tissues. The pathological changes were observed with HE staining and silver staining. Results Compared with the normal control group and normal saline group， the HYP content in the lung tissues of rats in model group increased significantly（P＜0.01）. Compared with the model group， the HYP content in the lung tissues of rats in kudancao tablets group decreased significantly（P＜0.01）. Pathological examination showed that significant fibrotic changes were found in lungs of rats in model group，while the fibrotic changes were ameliorated in lungs of rats in kudancao tablets group. Conclusion Kudancao tablets may decrease the hydroxyproline content in lung tissues， and ameliorate the fibrotic degree of lungs of rats with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
2016, 37(05)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To investigate the correlation of the polymorphisms of angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor （AT1R） gene A1166C and angiotensinogen（AGT）gene M235T and blood biochemical indicators with essential hypertension（EH）in the male of Yi nationality in Yunnan province. Methods 92 hypertensive and 70 normotensive of Yi people were recruited in Yunnan province. Their basic information and blood biochemical indicators were obtained by questionnaire and standardized physical examination. The genes polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism（PCR-RFLP）technique. Results（1）For the male EH patients of Yi nationality， 1166C and 235T allele frequencies were 0.038 and 0.772. No significant differences in allele frequency or genotype frequency were observed between the two groups（P > 0.05）. （2）The levels of TC， LDL-C and TG in EH were significantly higher than those in controls（P < 0.05）. Conclusion The AT1R A1166C and AGT M235T polymorphisms were not related to the pathogenesis of EH in the male of Yi people. However， the high levels of TC， TG and LDL-C might be the risk factors of EH.
［Abstract］Objective To investigate the correlation of the polymorphisms of angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor （AT1R） gene A1166C and angiotensinogen（AGT）gene M235T and blood biochemical indicators with essential hypertension（EH）in the male of Yi nationality in Yunnan province. Methods 92 hypertensive and 70 normotensive of Yi people were recruited in Yunnan province. Their basic information and blood biochemical indicators were obtained by questionnaire and standardized physical examination. The genes polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism（PCR-RFLP）technique. Results（1）For the male EH patients of Yi nationality， 1166C and 235T allele frequencies were 0.038 and 0.772. No significant differences in allele frequency or genotype frequency were observed between the two groups（P > 0.05）. （2）The levels of TC， LDL-C and TG in EH were significantly higher than those in controls（P < 0.05）. Conclusion The AT1R A1166C and AGT M235T polymorphisms were not related to the pathogenesis of EH in the male of Yi people. However， the high levels of TC， TG and LDL-C might be the risk factors of EH.
2016, 37(05)
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［Abstract］Objective To investigate the anti-tumor effects of total saponins， extracted from stems and leaves of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. Methods Taking mouse stomach carcinoma MFC cell line， human mammary cancer cell line（MCF-7）and human cervical carcinoma cell line（Hela），and their tumor-bearing mice as models， the antitumor activity was carried out in vitro and in vivo. CCK-8 assay was used to determine the inhibitory effect in vitro. The tumor-bearing mice model was induced by tumor cell vaccination in normal mouse forelimb left axillary subcutaneous and these mice were randomized into NS group， cytoxan group（30 mg/kg），saponins high-dose， medium-dose and low-dose groups（60，30 and 15 mg/kg）. They were given intraperitoneal injection once a day for consecutive 15 days. The tumor inhibition rate and survival of the tumor-bearing mice were measured. Results Saponins， extracted from both aboveground and underground of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis could significantly inhibit the growth of MFC，MCF-7 and Hela cells in time- and dose-dependent manners. The tumor weight in each drug treated group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Conclusion Saponins，extracted from both aboveground and underground of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis have antitumor activity.
［Abstract］Objective To investigate the anti-tumor effects of total saponins， extracted from stems and leaves of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. Methods Taking mouse stomach carcinoma MFC cell line， human mammary cancer cell line（MCF-7）and human cervical carcinoma cell line（Hela），and their tumor-bearing mice as models， the antitumor activity was carried out in vitro and in vivo. CCK-8 assay was used to determine the inhibitory effect in vitro. The tumor-bearing mice model was induced by tumor cell vaccination in normal mouse forelimb left axillary subcutaneous and these mice were randomized into NS group， cytoxan group（30 mg/kg），saponins high-dose， medium-dose and low-dose groups（60，30 and 15 mg/kg）. They were given intraperitoneal injection once a day for consecutive 15 days. The tumor inhibition rate and survival of the tumor-bearing mice were measured. Results Saponins， extracted from both aboveground and underground of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis could significantly inhibit the growth of MFC，MCF-7 and Hela cells in time- and dose-dependent manners. The tumor weight in each drug treated group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Conclusion Saponins，extracted from both aboveground and underground of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis have antitumor activity.
2016, 37(05)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective This study aimed to assess the adherence to guideline-recommended therapies according to risk stratification in the management of acute coronary syndrome（ACS）. Methods We analyzed 1，001 consecutive patients admitted with ACS. Patients were stratified using the GRACE risk score into low- and high-predicted risk of mortality at 6 months. We evaluated the use of hospital angiography，revascularization，and guideline-recommended medications between high and low-risk patients. Results High-risk compared to low-risk patients were less likely to underwent coronary angiography and/or revascularization during the hospitalization. The use of hospital-initiated pharmacotherapies was also lower in high-risk patients（P＜0.05）. Advanced age，increased creatinine level and higher GRACE score were independent predictors for failure to administer evidence-based therapies. Conclusion Patients with ACS at high risk of mortality were paradoxically less likely to undergo revascularization or receive medications according to guidelines. Better adherence to evidence-based therapies in high-risk patients may improve clinical outcome and quality of health care.
［Abstract］Objective This study aimed to assess the adherence to guideline-recommended therapies according to risk stratification in the management of acute coronary syndrome（ACS）. Methods We analyzed 1，001 consecutive patients admitted with ACS. Patients were stratified using the GRACE risk score into low- and high-predicted risk of mortality at 6 months. We evaluated the use of hospital angiography，revascularization，and guideline-recommended medications between high and low-risk patients. Results High-risk compared to low-risk patients were less likely to underwent coronary angiography and/or revascularization during the hospitalization. The use of hospital-initiated pharmacotherapies was also lower in high-risk patients（P＜0.05）. Advanced age，increased creatinine level and higher GRACE score were independent predictors for failure to administer evidence-based therapies. Conclusion Patients with ACS at high risk of mortality were paradoxically less likely to undergo revascularization or receive medications according to guidelines. Better adherence to evidence-based therapies in high-risk patients may improve clinical outcome and quality of health care.
2016, 37(05)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective The study aimed to analyze the clinical data of patients with pulmonary embolism and summarize the clinical characteristics of pulmonary embolism， in order to improve the correct diagnostic rate and the prognosis. Methods Data of 178 patients who were cured in our hospital from January 2011 to December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively， including relative risk factors，clinical behaviors，examination data， misdiagnosis and prognosis. Results Patients with pulmonary embolism had related basic diseases and risk factors. Their clinical symptoms， signs and ordinary detection methods indicated pneumatorexis and cardiovascular injury， but lacked of specificity. The misdiagnosis rate of the first diagnosis was 48.88%，including 22 cases of the misdiagnosis to COPD，18 cases to pneumonia and 16 cases to coronary heart disease. The misdiagnosis rate of elderly patients was 56.36%， while that of the young and middle-aged patients was 36.80%，the difference was statistically significant，P < 0.05. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography（CTPA）could accurately observe the pathological changes of pulmonary embolism，and all the patients were diagnosed by CTPA in the research. 11 cases（10%）of elderly patients died，while 2 cases（2.9%）happened in young and middle-aged patients. There was no statistical significant difference（P > 0.05）. Conclusion Although the related risk factors of pulmonary embolism in patients existed，the misdiagnosed rate of the disease was high and prognosis was poor due to many confusing basic diseases. And the symptoms，signs and ordinary inspection of the patients lacked specificity. CTPA，being utilized to diagnose pulmonary embolism reliably，should be promoted.
［Abstract］Objective The study aimed to analyze the clinical data of patients with pulmonary embolism and summarize the clinical characteristics of pulmonary embolism， in order to improve the correct diagnostic rate and the prognosis. Methods Data of 178 patients who were cured in our hospital from January 2011 to December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively， including relative risk factors，clinical behaviors，examination data， misdiagnosis and prognosis. Results Patients with pulmonary embolism had related basic diseases and risk factors. Their clinical symptoms， signs and ordinary detection methods indicated pneumatorexis and cardiovascular injury， but lacked of specificity. The misdiagnosis rate of the first diagnosis was 48.88%，including 22 cases of the misdiagnosis to COPD，18 cases to pneumonia and 16 cases to coronary heart disease. The misdiagnosis rate of elderly patients was 56.36%， while that of the young and middle-aged patients was 36.80%，the difference was statistically significant，P < 0.05. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography（CTPA）could accurately observe the pathological changes of pulmonary embolism，and all the patients were diagnosed by CTPA in the research. 11 cases（10%）of elderly patients died，while 2 cases（2.9%）happened in young and middle-aged patients. There was no statistical significant difference（P > 0.05）. Conclusion Although the related risk factors of pulmonary embolism in patients existed，the misdiagnosed rate of the disease was high and prognosis was poor due to many confusing basic diseases. And the symptoms，signs and ordinary inspection of the patients lacked specificity. CTPA，being utilized to diagnose pulmonary embolism reliably，should be promoted.
2016, 37(05)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To evaluate the efficacy between cylindrical abdominoperineal resection （CAPR） by laparoscopy and traditional abdominoperineal resection（APR）. Methods A retrospectively analysis was done in the data of patients with low rectal cancer who underwent APR in our department from January 2010 to September 2015. The patients were divided into two groups，including cylindrical abdominoperineal resection by laparoscopy and traditional abdominoperineal resection. The operation time， intraoperative bleeding，the time of intestinal exhaust as well as the postoperative complications of the two groups were compared. Results There were no statistical differences in the intraoperative bleeding， operation time，the time of intestinal exhaust，postoperative intestinal obstruction and pulmonary infection between the two groups（P > 0.05）. However，the differences in the rates of perineal incision infection and tumor intestinal perforation between the two groups were statistically significant （P < 0.05）. Conclusion CAPR by laparoscopy is safer，more reliable than traditional APR， which can effectively reduce the rates of postoperative incision infection and tumor intestinal perforation of patients.
［Abstract］Objective To evaluate the efficacy between cylindrical abdominoperineal resection （CAPR） by laparoscopy and traditional abdominoperineal resection（APR）. Methods A retrospectively analysis was done in the data of patients with low rectal cancer who underwent APR in our department from January 2010 to September 2015. The patients were divided into two groups，including cylindrical abdominoperineal resection by laparoscopy and traditional abdominoperineal resection. The operation time， intraoperative bleeding，the time of intestinal exhaust as well as the postoperative complications of the two groups were compared. Results There were no statistical differences in the intraoperative bleeding， operation time，the time of intestinal exhaust，postoperative intestinal obstruction and pulmonary infection between the two groups（P > 0.05）. However，the differences in the rates of perineal incision infection and tumor intestinal perforation between the two groups were statistically significant （P < 0.05）. Conclusion CAPR by laparoscopy is safer，more reliable than traditional APR， which can effectively reduce the rates of postoperative incision infection and tumor intestinal perforation of patients.
2016, 37(05)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To investigate the detection results of WBC， CRP， ESR and GR% in patients with knee infection after operation. Methods The study was conducted from March 2012 to January 2015. Twenty patients were collected in the study. The values of WBC，CRP，ESR and GR% were compared and analyzed between pre-operation and post-operation of 1，3 and 7 days. Results The values of WBC，CRP，ESR and GR% in the post-operation of 1 day were higher than those in the pre-operation，and there were statistically significances（P < 0.05）. The values of ESR in the post-operation of 3 and 7 days were higher than that in the pre-operation， with statistically significances（P < 0.05）. However， the values of WBC， CRP and GR% in the post-operation of 3 and 7 days were no statistically significances compared with those in the pre-operation （P > 0.05）. Conclusion WBC，CRP，ESR and GR% have good reference value for early diagnosis and treatment， which can be used as screen testing indexes in the early knee infection.
［Abstract］Objective To investigate the detection results of WBC， CRP， ESR and GR% in patients with knee infection after operation. Methods The study was conducted from March 2012 to January 2015. Twenty patients were collected in the study. The values of WBC，CRP，ESR and GR% were compared and analyzed between pre-operation and post-operation of 1，3 and 7 days. Results The values of WBC，CRP，ESR and GR% in the post-operation of 1 day were higher than those in the pre-operation，and there were statistically significances（P < 0.05）. The values of ESR in the post-operation of 3 and 7 days were higher than that in the pre-operation， with statistically significances（P < 0.05）. However， the values of WBC， CRP and GR% in the post-operation of 3 and 7 days were no statistically significances compared with those in the pre-operation （P > 0.05）. Conclusion WBC，CRP，ESR and GR% have good reference value for early diagnosis and treatment， which can be used as screen testing indexes in the early knee infection.
2016, 37(05)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To evaluate the early effect and safety of artificial hip replacement for treating senile osteoporosis femoral neck fractures with different prostheses choice. Methods From January 2006 to April 2014， 387 patients with senile osteoporotic femoral neck fractures received artificial hip replacement. Their average age was 65 to 98 years old， with the average of 76.9 years old. Four prostheses were used in the artificial hip replacement， including 107 cases of biological total hip，94 cases of bone cement type total hip，104 cases of biotype artificial femoral head，and 82 cases bone cement artificial femoral head. We compared the operation time，bleeding amount，postoperative ambulation time，postoperative complication rate among the four prostheses. Results The biological hip replacement were superior to bone cement type in the operation time（50±10.3 min vs 61±11.5 min），bleeding amount（149±27.7 ml vs 205±47.3 ml） and postoperative complications（21% vs 38%），with statistical significant differences（P < 0.05）. Other observations showed no statistically significance. Conclusion The biotype artificial joint replacement is applicable to the younger patients with thick bone cortex and long life expectancy， while the bone cement artificial joint replacement is appropriate for weak senile patients with thin bone cortex.
［Abstract］Objective To evaluate the early effect and safety of artificial hip replacement for treating senile osteoporosis femoral neck fractures with different prostheses choice. Methods From January 2006 to April 2014， 387 patients with senile osteoporotic femoral neck fractures received artificial hip replacement. Their average age was 65 to 98 years old， with the average of 76.9 years old. Four prostheses were used in the artificial hip replacement， including 107 cases of biological total hip，94 cases of bone cement type total hip，104 cases of biotype artificial femoral head，and 82 cases bone cement artificial femoral head. We compared the operation time，bleeding amount，postoperative ambulation time，postoperative complication rate among the four prostheses. Results The biological hip replacement were superior to bone cement type in the operation time（50±10.3 min vs 61±11.5 min），bleeding amount（149±27.7 ml vs 205±47.3 ml） and postoperative complications（21% vs 38%），with statistical significant differences（P < 0.05）. Other observations showed no statistically significance. Conclusion The biotype artificial joint replacement is applicable to the younger patients with thick bone cortex and long life expectancy， while the bone cement artificial joint replacement is appropriate for weak senile patients with thin bone cortex.
2016, 37(05)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective Analyze the amino acids and acylcarnitines in the blood of patients first diagnosed with uremia using tandem mass spectrometry in order to provide a basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods 30 patients with uremia were selected as the research objects，while 15 cases of healthy person were served as the control. The values of 11 kinds of amino acids and 2 kinds of acylcarnitines in the two groups were detected using tandem mass spectrometry，and the data were analyzed and compared. Results The levels of alanine（Ala）and tyrosine（Tyr）in uremia group were significantly lower than those in control group（P < 0.05）， while the levels of citrulline（Cit），glycine（Gly）and proline（Pro）were significantly higher in uremia group than in control group（P < 0.05）. The differences were mainly in non-essential amino acids between the two groups. The levels of free carnitines and total carnitines in uremia group were significantly higher than those in normal group（P < 0.05）. Conclusion For the patients first diagnosed with uremia（not treated with replacement therapy）， the disturbance of amino acid metabolism mainly in non-essential amino acids were found in their blood，and the carnitine levels were higher than normal levels. The results could provide the basis for clinical nutrition therapy for patients with uremia.
［Abstract］Objective Analyze the amino acids and acylcarnitines in the blood of patients first diagnosed with uremia using tandem mass spectrometry in order to provide a basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods 30 patients with uremia were selected as the research objects，while 15 cases of healthy person were served as the control. The values of 11 kinds of amino acids and 2 kinds of acylcarnitines in the two groups were detected using tandem mass spectrometry，and the data were analyzed and compared. Results The levels of alanine（Ala）and tyrosine（Tyr）in uremia group were significantly lower than those in control group（P < 0.05）， while the levels of citrulline（Cit），glycine（Gly）and proline（Pro）were significantly higher in uremia group than in control group（P < 0.05）. The differences were mainly in non-essential amino acids between the two groups. The levels of free carnitines and total carnitines in uremia group were significantly higher than those in normal group（P < 0.05）. Conclusion For the patients first diagnosed with uremia（not treated with replacement therapy）， the disturbance of amino acid metabolism mainly in non-essential amino acids were found in their blood，and the carnitine levels were higher than normal levels. The results could provide the basis for clinical nutrition therapy for patients with uremia.
2016, 37(05)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the local drug resistance spectrum antibiotics and foreign guideline in the treatment of patients with community acquired pneumonia（CAP）. Methods A prospective，randomized，single blind，and positive drug parallel controlled design was used in the treatment. CAP patients with no underlying disease outpatients and inpatients＜48 hours were selected as the research object. The patients in the trial group were given sensitive local drug resistance spectrum antibiotics: moxifloxacin，400 mg and 1 times a day. The patients in the control group were given azithromycin tablets（each 500 mg，once daily） promulgated by the 2007 version of the IDSA / ATS adult CAP guideline. Results There were 106 cases of CAP patients， of which 77 cases completed treatment， including 39 cases in the experimental group and 38 cases in the control group. There were significant differences in the clinical efficacy and bacterial clearance rate between the two groups， with the clinical efficacy of 89.7% and 68.4%（P < 0.01），the bacterial clearance rate of 87.9% and 54.5%（P < 0.05）， respectively. Conclusion The clinical efficacy of drug resistant spectrum sensitive antibiotics in the treatment of CAP in Kunming was better than that of IDSA/ATS. Clinicians should pay attention to the characteristics and composition of resistance of common pathogenic bacteria in our country during the study and reference from foreign guideline，and adjust the therapeutic regimen according to the changes of the local drug resistance monitoring data rather than copy the recommended treatment plan by foreign countries.
［Abstract］Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the local drug resistance spectrum antibiotics and foreign guideline in the treatment of patients with community acquired pneumonia（CAP）. Methods A prospective，randomized，single blind，and positive drug parallel controlled design was used in the treatment. CAP patients with no underlying disease outpatients and inpatients＜48 hours were selected as the research object. The patients in the trial group were given sensitive local drug resistance spectrum antibiotics: moxifloxacin，400 mg and 1 times a day. The patients in the control group were given azithromycin tablets（each 500 mg，once daily） promulgated by the 2007 version of the IDSA / ATS adult CAP guideline. Results There were 106 cases of CAP patients， of which 77 cases completed treatment， including 39 cases in the experimental group and 38 cases in the control group. There were significant differences in the clinical efficacy and bacterial clearance rate between the two groups， with the clinical efficacy of 89.7% and 68.4%（P < 0.01），the bacterial clearance rate of 87.9% and 54.5%（P < 0.05）， respectively. Conclusion The clinical efficacy of drug resistant spectrum sensitive antibiotics in the treatment of CAP in Kunming was better than that of IDSA/ATS. Clinicians should pay attention to the characteristics and composition of resistance of common pathogenic bacteria in our country during the study and reference from foreign guideline，and adjust the therapeutic regimen according to the changes of the local drug resistance monitoring data rather than copy the recommended treatment plan by foreign countries.
2016, 37(05)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To evaluate the safety of cardiac rehabilitation （CR） for the elderly patients with chronic heart failure（CHF）. Methods All 72 patients with CHF over the age of 60 were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups: the experimental groups（n＝35）and control groups（n＝37）. Patients in both groups were treated strictly according to the treatment guideline. On the basis of drug treatment， patients in experimental group were given a comprehensive CR program. The occurrence of all-cause death， due to deterioration of heart failure readmission and serious adverse events were compared after 12 months. Results Compared with the control group， the incidence of all-cause and the cases for the deterioration of heart failure readmission decreased in the experimental group after 12 months （P < 0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of serious adverse events between the two groups（P > 0.05）. Conclusion For the elderly CHF patients， cardiac rehabilitation can effectively reduce all-cause death and deterioration of heart failure readmission in patients， but the serious adverse events had no obvious change. It is safe and effective for the elderly patients with chronic heart failure.
［Abstract］Objective To evaluate the safety of cardiac rehabilitation （CR） for the elderly patients with chronic heart failure（CHF）. Methods All 72 patients with CHF over the age of 60 were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups: the experimental groups（n＝35）and control groups（n＝37）. Patients in both groups were treated strictly according to the treatment guideline. On the basis of drug treatment， patients in experimental group were given a comprehensive CR program. The occurrence of all-cause death， due to deterioration of heart failure readmission and serious adverse events were compared after 12 months. Results Compared with the control group， the incidence of all-cause and the cases for the deterioration of heart failure readmission decreased in the experimental group after 12 months （P < 0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of serious adverse events between the two groups（P > 0.05）. Conclusion For the elderly CHF patients， cardiac rehabilitation can effectively reduce all-cause death and deterioration of heart failure readmission in patients， but the serious adverse events had no obvious change. It is safe and effective for the elderly patients with chronic heart failure.
2016, 37(05)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective The aim of this study was to explore the effects of volume controlled ventilation （VCV），pressure controlled ventilation（PCV）and pressure controlled ventilation-volume guaranteed （PCV-VG）on respiration and circulation in elderly patients undergoing thoracic surgery. Methods Thirty-six elderly patients who underwent thoracic surgery were enrolled in our study. Patients were divided into VCV， PCV and PCV-VG groups according to randomized design. The hemodynamic and respiratory data and the arterial blood gases had been recorded in the pre-operation，20 min，40 min，60 min after OLV and 20 min after the resumption of two lung ventilation. Results Compared with VCV group，Ppeak value was significantly lower in PCV and PCV-VG groups （P < 0.05）， and the difference was not found between the PCV and PCV-VG groups. PaO2 levels in PCV and PCV-VG groups were higher than that in VCV group after the point of OLV+40 （P < 0.05）. Comparison of PCV group， PaO2 in PCV-VG group was higher， but did not show a significantly improved during OLV（P > 0.05）. Conclusion Compared with VCV， the use of PCV and PCV-VG have significant advantages in the operative oxygenation and airway pressure for elderly patients undergoing OLV.
［Abstract］Objective The aim of this study was to explore the effects of volume controlled ventilation （VCV），pressure controlled ventilation（PCV）and pressure controlled ventilation-volume guaranteed （PCV-VG）on respiration and circulation in elderly patients undergoing thoracic surgery. Methods Thirty-six elderly patients who underwent thoracic surgery were enrolled in our study. Patients were divided into VCV， PCV and PCV-VG groups according to randomized design. The hemodynamic and respiratory data and the arterial blood gases had been recorded in the pre-operation，20 min，40 min，60 min after OLV and 20 min after the resumption of two lung ventilation. Results Compared with VCV group，Ppeak value was significantly lower in PCV and PCV-VG groups （P < 0.05）， and the difference was not found between the PCV and PCV-VG groups. PaO2 levels in PCV and PCV-VG groups were higher than that in VCV group after the point of OLV+40 （P < 0.05）. Comparison of PCV group， PaO2 in PCV-VG group was higher， but did not show a significantly improved during OLV（P > 0.05）. Conclusion Compared with VCV， the use of PCV and PCV-VG have significant advantages in the operative oxygenation and airway pressure for elderly patients undergoing OLV.
2016, 37(05)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the application of low molecular weight heparin combined with alteplase for thrombolysis in patients with acute myocardial infarction（AMI），and to compare its thrombolysis effect with traditional anticoagulant-general heparin. Methods 35 AMI patients with alteplase intravenous thrombolytic therapy were divided into two groups，among which 15 cases in the study group were treated with 30 mg enoxaparin instant intravenous injection before thrombolysis，40 mg enoxaparin hypodermic injection 15 minutes after thrombolysis，40 mg enoxaparin hypodermic injection every 12 hours for 5 days. The other 20 cases were assigned to the control group and treated with 4 000 u（or 60 u/kg）general heparin instant intravenous injection，then pumped general heparin intravenously in the rate of 800-1 000 u/h. Meanwhile， detected coagulation convention every 3 hours and adjusted the dose of heparin according to the activated partial thromboplastin time（APTT）to keep APTT value within 1.5 to 2.0 times （50-70 s） the standard value. 48 hours later， patients in the control group was given hypodermic injection of 40 mg enoxaparin every 12 hours for 5 days. All cases were given regular treatment as guidelines recommended. Results The patency rate of infarct-related coronary artery assessed by unified clinical criteria was 86.66% and 65.00%， and the average recanalization time was（1.62±0.36）h and （1.81±0.33）h in the study and control groups， respectively. There were no significant differences on patency rate and recanalization time between the two groups（P > 0.05）. One case of bleeding complication occurred in the study group（6.66%），while five cases occurred in the control group（25.00%）. In the two groups，no cases appeared intracranial hemorrhage and other serious or fatal bleeding occurred. Conclusion The clinical efficacy of low molecular weight heparin was non-inferior to general heparin in AMI patients with alteplas thrombolysis. The application of low molecular weight heparin was simple and easy to operate. It can optimize the procedure of thrombolysis，reduce repetitive coagulation index monitoring and lessen clinical workload，which is worth being promoted to primary hospital and the emergency systems.
［Abstract］Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the application of low molecular weight heparin combined with alteplase for thrombolysis in patients with acute myocardial infarction（AMI），and to compare its thrombolysis effect with traditional anticoagulant-general heparin. Methods 35 AMI patients with alteplase intravenous thrombolytic therapy were divided into two groups，among which 15 cases in the study group were treated with 30 mg enoxaparin instant intravenous injection before thrombolysis，40 mg enoxaparin hypodermic injection 15 minutes after thrombolysis，40 mg enoxaparin hypodermic injection every 12 hours for 5 days. The other 20 cases were assigned to the control group and treated with 4 000 u（or 60 u/kg）general heparin instant intravenous injection，then pumped general heparin intravenously in the rate of 800-1 000 u/h. Meanwhile， detected coagulation convention every 3 hours and adjusted the dose of heparin according to the activated partial thromboplastin time（APTT）to keep APTT value within 1.5 to 2.0 times （50-70 s） the standard value. 48 hours later， patients in the control group was given hypodermic injection of 40 mg enoxaparin every 12 hours for 5 days. All cases were given regular treatment as guidelines recommended. Results The patency rate of infarct-related coronary artery assessed by unified clinical criteria was 86.66% and 65.00%， and the average recanalization time was（1.62±0.36）h and （1.81±0.33）h in the study and control groups， respectively. There were no significant differences on patency rate and recanalization time between the two groups（P > 0.05）. One case of bleeding complication occurred in the study group（6.66%），while five cases occurred in the control group（25.00%）. In the two groups，no cases appeared intracranial hemorrhage and other serious or fatal bleeding occurred. Conclusion The clinical efficacy of low molecular weight heparin was non-inferior to general heparin in AMI patients with alteplas thrombolysis. The application of low molecular weight heparin was simple and easy to operate. It can optimize the procedure of thrombolysis，reduce repetitive coagulation index monitoring and lessen clinical workload，which is worth being promoted to primary hospital and the emergency systems.
2016, 37(05)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective The aim of this study was to explore the clinical value of dual-source CT （DSCT） in the diagnosis of coronary artery fistula （CAF） before and after surgery. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in 15 cases of patients with CAF， 11 cases of which was treated by surgery during extracorporeal circulation. Results CAF arose from right coronary artery in 8 cases and left coronary artery in 7 cases， with the latter including 3 cases of ramus nodi sinuatrialis fistula， 2 cases of anterior descending branch fistula， and 2 cases of left circumflex fistula. CAF entered into right atrium （6 cases）， right ventricle （5 cases）， left ventricle （4 cases） and left atrium （1 case）. There were dilatation of coronary artery in 8 cases， localized aneurysm in 4 cases， normal coronary artery in 3 cases， single fistula orifice in 11 cases， and multiple fistula orifice in 4 cases. 11 patients underwent surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass （CPB）.The postoperative imaging revealed fistula has been sutured in 10 patients with no residual fistula， including fistula vascular ligation in 3 cases， the proximal imaging and distal occlusion in right coronary artery angioplasty in 1 case， and pseudo diverticulum in 2 cases. Conclusion DSCT examination has significant value in preoperative diagnosis and postoperative follow-up for CAF.
［Abstract］Objective The aim of this study was to explore the clinical value of dual-source CT （DSCT） in the diagnosis of coronary artery fistula （CAF） before and after surgery. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in 15 cases of patients with CAF， 11 cases of which was treated by surgery during extracorporeal circulation. Results CAF arose from right coronary artery in 8 cases and left coronary artery in 7 cases， with the latter including 3 cases of ramus nodi sinuatrialis fistula， 2 cases of anterior descending branch fistula， and 2 cases of left circumflex fistula. CAF entered into right atrium （6 cases）， right ventricle （5 cases）， left ventricle （4 cases） and left atrium （1 case）. There were dilatation of coronary artery in 8 cases， localized aneurysm in 4 cases， normal coronary artery in 3 cases， single fistula orifice in 11 cases， and multiple fistula orifice in 4 cases. 11 patients underwent surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass （CPB）.The postoperative imaging revealed fistula has been sutured in 10 patients with no residual fistula， including fistula vascular ligation in 3 cases， the proximal imaging and distal occlusion in right coronary artery angioplasty in 1 case， and pseudo diverticulum in 2 cases. Conclusion DSCT examination has significant value in preoperative diagnosis and postoperative follow-up for CAF.
2016, 37(05)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To evaluate temporary balloon occlusion of the abdominal aorta in high-order position sacral tumor surgical operation as a useful adjuvant technique．Methods Reviewed 79 cases of patients from 2005 to 2015 treated in our department and the diagnosis of high-order position sacral tumor. Temporary balloon occlusion of abdominal aorta was used in 50 patients（male 29， female 21）during the sacral tumors surgical operations. The other 29 patients（male 18， female 11）with sacral tumors who received the non-temporary balloon occlusion therapy were used as control group. The statistical differences of the whole surgery time， the blood loss during the surgery， the happening of the postoperative deep vein thrombosis， the time of the postoperative extubation were analyzed. Results The differences were statistically significant（P＜0.001）in the whole surgery time of balloon occlusion group （146.36±29.38） min vs non-balloon occlusion group（206.03±125.93） min，the blood loss of balloon occlusion group （1610.70±491.14） ml vs non-balloon occlusion group （2658.62±562.213） mL，and the time of the postoperative extubation of balloon occlusion group （6.60±2.76） d vs non-balloon occlusion group （12.52±2.86） d. However， there was not significant difference of the happening of the postoperative deep vein thrombosis between balloon occlusion group and non- balloon occlusion group. Conclusion Temporary balloon occlusion of abdominal aorta is effective and reliable. It significantly reduced the time of operations， the loss of blood， mean days in hospital，effusion of post-operation and recurrence rate. It makes the operation of sacral tumors much more safer than before and is a technique worthy of popularizing.
［Abstract］Objective To evaluate temporary balloon occlusion of the abdominal aorta in high-order position sacral tumor surgical operation as a useful adjuvant technique．Methods Reviewed 79 cases of patients from 2005 to 2015 treated in our department and the diagnosis of high-order position sacral tumor. Temporary balloon occlusion of abdominal aorta was used in 50 patients（male 29， female 21）during the sacral tumors surgical operations. The other 29 patients（male 18， female 11）with sacral tumors who received the non-temporary balloon occlusion therapy were used as control group. The statistical differences of the whole surgery time， the blood loss during the surgery， the happening of the postoperative deep vein thrombosis， the time of the postoperative extubation were analyzed. Results The differences were statistically significant（P＜0.001）in the whole surgery time of balloon occlusion group （146.36±29.38） min vs non-balloon occlusion group（206.03±125.93） min，the blood loss of balloon occlusion group （1610.70±491.14） ml vs non-balloon occlusion group （2658.62±562.213） mL，and the time of the postoperative extubation of balloon occlusion group （6.60±2.76） d vs non-balloon occlusion group （12.52±2.86） d. However， there was not significant difference of the happening of the postoperative deep vein thrombosis between balloon occlusion group and non- balloon occlusion group. Conclusion Temporary balloon occlusion of abdominal aorta is effective and reliable. It significantly reduced the time of operations， the loss of blood， mean days in hospital，effusion of post-operation and recurrence rate. It makes the operation of sacral tumors much more safer than before and is a technique worthy of popularizing.
2016, 37(05)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To investigate the clinical effect of EaLeSu on cervical intraepithelial neoplasia （CIN Ⅱ~Ⅲ）patients with HPV infection treated with loop electrosurgical excision procedure （LEEP）. Methods 165 cases of CIN Ⅱ~Ⅲ patients with HPV infection who underwent LEEP operation were randomly divided into observation group （n＝83）and control group（n＝82）. In the observation group，patients were given a piece of EaLeSu in cervical wound at once in postoperative and two vaginal EaLeSu per day from the first postoperative day for eight consecutive days. The patients in the control group were treated with routine debridement and wound dressing with iodine. We observed the vaginal drainage times within 4 weeks after operative， bleeding rate， cervical wound repair， and cervical HPV DNA infection after 6 months. Results There were significant differences in the bleeding rate， vaginal drainage time， cervical wound repair and HPV DNA infection between the two groups（P < 0.05）. Conclusion EaLeSu showed a definite effect on cervical intraepithelial neoplasia（CIN Ⅱ~Ⅲ）patients with HPV infection treated with LEEP.
［Abstract］Objective To investigate the clinical effect of EaLeSu on cervical intraepithelial neoplasia （CIN Ⅱ~Ⅲ）patients with HPV infection treated with loop electrosurgical excision procedure （LEEP）. Methods 165 cases of CIN Ⅱ~Ⅲ patients with HPV infection who underwent LEEP operation were randomly divided into observation group （n＝83）and control group（n＝82）. In the observation group，patients were given a piece of EaLeSu in cervical wound at once in postoperative and two vaginal EaLeSu per day from the first postoperative day for eight consecutive days. The patients in the control group were treated with routine debridement and wound dressing with iodine. We observed the vaginal drainage times within 4 weeks after operative， bleeding rate， cervical wound repair， and cervical HPV DNA infection after 6 months. Results There were significant differences in the bleeding rate， vaginal drainage time， cervical wound repair and HPV DNA infection between the two groups（P < 0.05）. Conclusion EaLeSu showed a definite effect on cervical intraepithelial neoplasia（CIN Ⅱ~Ⅲ）patients with HPV infection treated with LEEP.
2016, 37(05)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To discuss the applied research of CT perfusion imaging on the diagnosis of splenic diseases. Methods 20 patients with splenic diseases which accepted treatment in our hospital from January 2012 to December 2014 were assigned into group A， including 7 cases of splenic lymphoma patients（group A1）， 8 cases of leukemia patients with spleen infiltration （group A2） and 5 cases of splenic metastasis（group A3）. At the same time， 20 healthy persons were selected as the control （group B）. Results The result of CT scan was normal in group B， but that showed a variety of lesions in the spleen in group A. The spleen perfusion volume in the group A was significantly higher than that in the control group （P＜0.05）. The detection rate of CT perfusion imaging was significantly higher than that of CT scan （P＜0.05）. TIP and MTT in group A were significantly higher than those in group B，while BF， PEI and BV were significantly lower （P＜0.05）. Conclusion CT perfusion imaging has advantage of simple， short imaging time，less trauma，and a high diagnostic value for the spleen disease， which is an ideal detection means and can be used in clinic.
［Abstract］Objective To discuss the applied research of CT perfusion imaging on the diagnosis of splenic diseases. Methods 20 patients with splenic diseases which accepted treatment in our hospital from January 2012 to December 2014 were assigned into group A， including 7 cases of splenic lymphoma patients（group A1）， 8 cases of leukemia patients with spleen infiltration （group A2） and 5 cases of splenic metastasis（group A3）. At the same time， 20 healthy persons were selected as the control （group B）. Results The result of CT scan was normal in group B， but that showed a variety of lesions in the spleen in group A. The spleen perfusion volume in the group A was significantly higher than that in the control group （P＜0.05）. The detection rate of CT perfusion imaging was significantly higher than that of CT scan （P＜0.05）. TIP and MTT in group A were significantly higher than those in group B，while BF， PEI and BV were significantly lower （P＜0.05）. Conclusion CT perfusion imaging has advantage of simple， short imaging time，less trauma，and a high diagnostic value for the spleen disease， which is an ideal detection means and can be used in clinic.
2016, 37(05)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To investigate the curative effect of the treatment for the distal humeral shaft fracture with double steel plate internal fixation. Methods A total of 60 individuals who were humeral shaft fractures were included from March 2009 to April 2014 in the second people's hospital of Yunnan province. 28 of them were treated using double plate fixation（group A）and 32 of them were treated using single-plate treatment (group B). Blood loss, hospital stay, postoperative drainage, healing time and Mayo elbow performance score were compared between the two groups. Results（1）Blood loss, hospital stay and postoperative drainage showed no differences between two groups. However, the healing time between these two groups showed difference（P < 0.05）. （2）MEPS score results showed a significantly difference in the excellent rate of patients between groups A and B（96.4% and 75%，respectively，P < 0.05）. Conclusion The double plate fixation and single plate fixation for treatment of humeral shaft fracture showed no differences in operation time，blood loss，postoperative drainage and hospital stay. However，the double plate fixation showed a shorter healing time and better efficacy. Thus，the double plate fixation of humeral shaft fracture can contribute to obtain the rigid internal fixation，early functional exercise and better clinical efficacy.
［Abstract］Objective To investigate the curative effect of the treatment for the distal humeral shaft fracture with double steel plate internal fixation. Methods A total of 60 individuals who were humeral shaft fractures were included from March 2009 to April 2014 in the second people's hospital of Yunnan province. 28 of them were treated using double plate fixation（group A）and 32 of them were treated using single-plate treatment (group B). Blood loss, hospital stay, postoperative drainage, healing time and Mayo elbow performance score were compared between the two groups. Results（1）Blood loss, hospital stay and postoperative drainage showed no differences between two groups. However, the healing time between these two groups showed difference（P < 0.05）. （2）MEPS score results showed a significantly difference in the excellent rate of patients between groups A and B（96.4% and 75%，respectively，P < 0.05）. Conclusion The double plate fixation and single plate fixation for treatment of humeral shaft fracture showed no differences in operation time，blood loss，postoperative drainage and hospital stay. However，the double plate fixation showed a shorter healing time and better efficacy. Thus，the double plate fixation of humeral shaft fracture can contribute to obtain the rigid internal fixation，early functional exercise and better clinical efficacy.
2016, 37(05)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To observe the changes of inflammatory factors and clinical parameters on septic patients with hemoperfusion，and to discuss the application of hemoperfusion on sepsis. Methods 43 patients with sepsis were divided into treatment group and control group randomly. In the treatment group，the patients received conventional treatment and hemoperfusion together， which performed every 24 hours，continuously for 3 times when they arrived in ICU in the first hour. The concentrations of TNF-α，IL-6，IL-10 and PAF were dynamically detected before hemoperfusion， after 24 hours， 48 hours and 72 hours in treatment group. The concentrations of TNF-α，IL-6，IL-10 and PAF were compared between the two groups after 72 hours. So did the clinical parameters as WBC count，CRP，PCT and blood lactate acid. Results The concentrations of TNF-α，IL-6， IL-10 and PAF were increased significantly in the early stage of sepsis，and were decreased obviously after hemoperfusion（P < 0.01）. After 72 hours treatment， the concentrations of TNF-α，IL-6 and PAF were decreased rapidly， so did the level of CRP，PCT and blood lactate acid. There were significant differences between the two groups （P < 0.05）. Conclusion Hemoperfusion could remove the inflammatory factor of septic patients and improve the clinical symptoms of them.
［Abstract］Objective To observe the changes of inflammatory factors and clinical parameters on septic patients with hemoperfusion，and to discuss the application of hemoperfusion on sepsis. Methods 43 patients with sepsis were divided into treatment group and control group randomly. In the treatment group，the patients received conventional treatment and hemoperfusion together， which performed every 24 hours，continuously for 3 times when they arrived in ICU in the first hour. The concentrations of TNF-α，IL-6，IL-10 and PAF were dynamically detected before hemoperfusion， after 24 hours， 48 hours and 72 hours in treatment group. The concentrations of TNF-α，IL-6，IL-10 and PAF were compared between the two groups after 72 hours. So did the clinical parameters as WBC count，CRP，PCT and blood lactate acid. Results The concentrations of TNF-α，IL-6， IL-10 and PAF were increased significantly in the early stage of sepsis，and were decreased obviously after hemoperfusion（P < 0.01）. After 72 hours treatment， the concentrations of TNF-α，IL-6 and PAF were decreased rapidly， so did the level of CRP，PCT and blood lactate acid. There were significant differences between the two groups （P < 0.05）. Conclusion Hemoperfusion could remove the inflammatory factor of septic patients and improve the clinical symptoms of them.
2016, 37(05)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Recently，a fast developing new technology for gene modification named as CRISPR-Cas9 which based on CRISPR-Cas9 system composed of clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeat（CRISPR） and Cas9 nuclease（CRISPR associated system 9，Cas9）has been developed. CRISPR-Cas9 system is a kind of immune mechanism widely found in bacteria and archaea. This mechanism can help bacteria and archaea against exogenous DNA by the approach of specifically breaking DNA. Later，this mechanism was found to be useful for gene modification and gene deletion. At present， this technology has been applied to gene modification and therapy. Many studies have shown that the technology，compared with other genetic technology，has higher efficiency and accuracy，and it has promoted genetic engineering progress. Summarized here is the principle and application advance of CRISPR-Cas9.
［Abstract］Recently，a fast developing new technology for gene modification named as CRISPR-Cas9 which based on CRISPR-Cas9 system composed of clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeat（CRISPR） and Cas9 nuclease（CRISPR associated system 9，Cas9）has been developed. CRISPR-Cas9 system is a kind of immune mechanism widely found in bacteria and archaea. This mechanism can help bacteria and archaea against exogenous DNA by the approach of specifically breaking DNA. Later，this mechanism was found to be useful for gene modification and gene deletion. At present， this technology has been applied to gene modification and therapy. Many studies have shown that the technology，compared with other genetic technology，has higher efficiency and accuracy，and it has promoted genetic engineering progress. Summarized here is the principle and application advance of CRISPR-Cas9.
2016, 37(05)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression other than the changes in the underlying DNA sequence. Such changes include DNA methylation，genomic imprinting，X chromosome inactivation and non-coding RNA regulation. Recent progresses on epigenetics offer new ideas to tackling these problems in forensic science，including determination of the necessary allele in paternity，identification of fetal paternity testing in embryonic period， discrimination of identical twins，origination analysis of tissue，and individual age estimation. This review focuses on the main concept of epigenetics and its application in the field of forensic science.
［Abstract］Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression other than the changes in the underlying DNA sequence. Such changes include DNA methylation，genomic imprinting，X chromosome inactivation and non-coding RNA regulation. Recent progresses on epigenetics offer new ideas to tackling these problems in forensic science，including determination of the necessary allele in paternity，identification of fetal paternity testing in embryonic period， discrimination of identical twins，origination analysis of tissue，and individual age estimation. This review focuses on the main concept of epigenetics and its application in the field of forensic science.
2016, 37(05)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective The study aimed to investigate 15 autosomal loci polymorphism （such as D3S1358 and TPOX） in Nujiang Bai nationality， in order to construct genetic basic data of Bai population and provide a foundation for population study and forensic cases. Methods Venous blood was collected from 124 unrelated Bai individuals in Nujiang， Yunnan province. DNA was extracted by classical organic solvent extraction. PCR technique was applied to amplify the sequence of autosomal loci. The products were measured by electrical fluoroscopy. The gene frequencies of 15 STR loci were investigated and genetic polymorphisms were analyzed. Results Gene polymorphisms of 15 STR loci were detected and the distributions of genotype conformed with Hardy-Weinberg balance law（P > 0.05）. The cumulative match probability （CPM） was 4.869×10-17， the cumulative excluding probability（CPE） was 99.999 99%，and the combined power of discrimination（CDP） was 99.999 97%. Conclusion The 15 STR loci used in this study were highly polymorphic informative content in Bai population and could be applied to population study and forensic practice.
［Abstract］Objective The study aimed to investigate 15 autosomal loci polymorphism （such as D3S1358 and TPOX） in Nujiang Bai nationality， in order to construct genetic basic data of Bai population and provide a foundation for population study and forensic cases. Methods Venous blood was collected from 124 unrelated Bai individuals in Nujiang， Yunnan province. DNA was extracted by classical organic solvent extraction. PCR technique was applied to amplify the sequence of autosomal loci. The products were measured by electrical fluoroscopy. The gene frequencies of 15 STR loci were investigated and genetic polymorphisms were analyzed. Results Gene polymorphisms of 15 STR loci were detected and the distributions of genotype conformed with Hardy-Weinberg balance law（P > 0.05）. The cumulative match probability （CPM） was 4.869×10-17， the cumulative excluding probability（CPE） was 99.999 99%，and the combined power of discrimination（CDP） was 99.999 97%. Conclusion The 15 STR loci used in this study were highly polymorphic informative content in Bai population and could be applied to population study and forensic practice.
Simultaneous Determination of Phenobarbital， Ibuprofen and Nikethamide in the Biomaterial with GC-MS
2016, 37(05)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective The study aimed to establish a kind of simple，rapid，accurate and reliable method in order to simultaneous determine the phenobarbital，ibuprofen and nikethamide in the biomaterial. Methods The biomaterial were pre-treated with ethanol （v/v 95%）at pH 3~4 and then was extracted with ethyl acetate at pH 3~4 and 10~11， respectively. Finally，phenobarbital，ibuprofen and nikethamide in the biomaterial were simultaneous detected by GC-MS. The retention times and relevant characteristic fragment ions of the three substances in the total ion current（TIC）and the mass spectrogram could be used as the basis of qualitative analysis. Results The method was simple and easy operation. It has the characteristics of low background interference，good separation effect and fast analytical speed. The retention times of phenobarbital， ibuprofen and nikethamide were 8.472 min， 7.087 min and 6.655 min，respectively. The characteristic fragment ions of phenobarbital were 204 and 232（m/z）， of ibuprofen were 161 and 206 （m/z），and of nikethamide were 106 and 177 （m/z）. Conclusion The method showed a satisfactory result that it could be applied to simultaneous determine phenobarbital， ibuprofen and nikethamide of the biomaterial for forensic toxicological analysis.
［Abstract］Objective The study aimed to establish a kind of simple，rapid，accurate and reliable method in order to simultaneous determine the phenobarbital，ibuprofen and nikethamide in the biomaterial. Methods The biomaterial were pre-treated with ethanol （v/v 95%）at pH 3~4 and then was extracted with ethyl acetate at pH 3~4 and 10~11， respectively. Finally，phenobarbital，ibuprofen and nikethamide in the biomaterial were simultaneous detected by GC-MS. The retention times and relevant characteristic fragment ions of the three substances in the total ion current（TIC）and the mass spectrogram could be used as the basis of qualitative analysis. Results The method was simple and easy operation. It has the characteristics of low background interference，good separation effect and fast analytical speed. The retention times of phenobarbital， ibuprofen and nikethamide were 8.472 min， 7.087 min and 6.655 min，respectively. The characteristic fragment ions of phenobarbital were 204 and 232（m/z）， of ibuprofen were 161 and 206 （m/z），and of nikethamide were 106 and 177 （m/z）. Conclusion The method showed a satisfactory result that it could be applied to simultaneous determine phenobarbital， ibuprofen and nikethamide of the biomaterial for forensic toxicological analysis.
2016, 37(05)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective Pathophysiology has high comprehensiveness and practical characteristics. Developing analytical capacity is a major teaching aim of Pathophysiology. This study was aimed to build up the basic knowledge of pathophysiology and develop a critical approach through "comparative case learning" in medical students. Methods A pair of related cases were chosen in this study. "Comparative case learning" was performed in our lecture. Case analysis was tested before and after "comparative case learning"， and a self-evaluation was accessed after "comparative case learning". The scores of case-analyzing test and self-evaluation assessment were statistically analyzed. Results Using“comparative case learning”in pathophysiology could improve medical students' case-analyzing score，especially in clinical syndrome analyzing examination questions（difficult examination questions）. There was a significant correlation between high score of clinical syndrome analyzing examination and students' self-evaluation. Conclusion Comparative case learning" could improve the analytical，data searching and comprehensive abilities，thereby enhancing a case-analyzing ability in medical students.
［Abstract］Objective Pathophysiology has high comprehensiveness and practical characteristics. Developing analytical capacity is a major teaching aim of Pathophysiology. This study was aimed to build up the basic knowledge of pathophysiology and develop a critical approach through "comparative case learning" in medical students. Methods A pair of related cases were chosen in this study. "Comparative case learning" was performed in our lecture. Case analysis was tested before and after "comparative case learning"， and a self-evaluation was accessed after "comparative case learning". The scores of case-analyzing test and self-evaluation assessment were statistically analyzed. Results Using“comparative case learning”in pathophysiology could improve medical students' case-analyzing score，especially in clinical syndrome analyzing examination questions（difficult examination questions）. There was a significant correlation between high score of clinical syndrome analyzing examination and students' self-evaluation. Conclusion Comparative case learning" could improve the analytical，data searching and comprehensive abilities，thereby enhancing a case-analyzing ability in medical students.
2016, 37(05)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the professional cognitive level and its influencing factors of fresh nursing students in Yunnan，in order to provide a basis for nursing education workers， improve the situation and put forward a series of interventions. Methods A questionnaire survey was done among 623 fresh nursing students in 5 universities of Yunnan province，and the data were collected and analyzed using the descriptive analysis and chi-square test of software SPSS22.0. Results There were 313 peoples choose nursing for "easy future employment" in qualified 599 questionnaires. The professional cognitive level in Yunnan was not comprehensive compared with other provinces，and the ratio of the nursing mission and etc were lower than other provinces with statistical significance（P < 0.05）. However，there were 50 people （40.98%） would like to choose other major of 122 people who come from other provinces，which was higher than that of Yunnan （34.98%）. There were 324 students（63.11%） were proud of nursing，327 students（63.70%） think nursing have a good development prospect who received the freshmen entrance education， which were higher than 35.62% and 42.47% of who could not receive the freshmen entrance education， with a statistical significance（P < 0.05）. Conclusion School should reinforce the new students entrance education and professional publicity to cultivate the professional emotion of nursing freshmen.
［Abstract］Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the professional cognitive level and its influencing factors of fresh nursing students in Yunnan，in order to provide a basis for nursing education workers， improve the situation and put forward a series of interventions. Methods A questionnaire survey was done among 623 fresh nursing students in 5 universities of Yunnan province，and the data were collected and analyzed using the descriptive analysis and chi-square test of software SPSS22.0. Results There were 313 peoples choose nursing for "easy future employment" in qualified 599 questionnaires. The professional cognitive level in Yunnan was not comprehensive compared with other provinces，and the ratio of the nursing mission and etc were lower than other provinces with statistical significance（P < 0.05）. However，there were 50 people （40.98%） would like to choose other major of 122 people who come from other provinces，which was higher than that of Yunnan （34.98%）. There were 324 students（63.11%） were proud of nursing，327 students（63.70%） think nursing have a good development prospect who received the freshmen entrance education， which were higher than 35.62% and 42.47% of who could not receive the freshmen entrance education， with a statistical significance（P < 0.05）. Conclusion School should reinforce the new students entrance education and professional publicity to cultivate the professional emotion of nursing freshmen.
2016, 37(05)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To evaluate the clinical training outcomes from two clinical practice modes for undergraduate students. Methods Total two grades 2009 and 2010， 150 undergraduate students were randomly divided into two groups: 69 students in group A and 81 students in group B. The synthetic teaching mode was applied in group A，and group B received the traditional teaching mode. The Objective Structure Clinical Examination （OSCE） and a written comprehensive examination were used to evaluate the training outcomes by T test analyzed by SPSS 17.0（α= 0.05）. Results The theoretical level of 2009 grade students was better than that of 2010 grade （P < 0.05）. The clinical practice skills of the two groups had no significant difference（P > 0.05）. There were no significant differences between two groups in theoretical and clinical training（P > 0.05）. Comparing with the 2010 grade，the theoretical level of the 2009 was better，but the clinical skill level was weaker. Conclusion Synthetic teaching mode and traditional teaching mode both achieved good outcomes. In order to obtain better comprehensive progresses，the two teaching modes need to be combined. The orientation by following the requirements of oral practicing qualification examination may enhance the clinical skills of the students.
［Abstract］Objective To evaluate the clinical training outcomes from two clinical practice modes for undergraduate students. Methods Total two grades 2009 and 2010， 150 undergraduate students were randomly divided into two groups: 69 students in group A and 81 students in group B. The synthetic teaching mode was applied in group A，and group B received the traditional teaching mode. The Objective Structure Clinical Examination （OSCE） and a written comprehensive examination were used to evaluate the training outcomes by T test analyzed by SPSS 17.0（α= 0.05）. Results The theoretical level of 2009 grade students was better than that of 2010 grade （P < 0.05）. The clinical practice skills of the two groups had no significant difference（P > 0.05）. There were no significant differences between two groups in theoretical and clinical training（P > 0.05）. Comparing with the 2010 grade，the theoretical level of the 2009 was better，but the clinical skill level was weaker. Conclusion Synthetic teaching mode and traditional teaching mode both achieved good outcomes. In order to obtain better comprehensive progresses，the two teaching modes need to be combined. The orientation by following the requirements of oral practicing qualification examination may enhance the clinical skills of the students.
2016, 37(05)
Abstract:
［Abstract］Objective To investigate the application effect of the puncture method of indwelling needle by single hand in clinical attendance of pediatrics. Methods From March 2015 to September 2015， 578 patients in our pediatrics were randomly and equally divided into two groups. The experiment group were treated with the puncture method of indwelling needle by single hand and the control group received traditional puncturing method. Results There were statistical significances in the success rate of first puncture，degree of comfort， sense of pain， dropping of the indwelling needle，phlebitis，exosmosis of drugs and indwelling time of patients between the two groups（P < 0.05）. Conclusion In the process of using indwelling needle in pediatrics， the application of the puncture method of indwelling needle by single hand could improve the success rate of first puncture of venous retention needle，enhance the comfort degree of neonates，relieve the sense of pain， reduce the dropping of the indwelling needle，incidence of phlebitis and exosmosis of drugs，and prolong the indwelling time. The operation of this puncture is simple and easy to do and to learn，without any special equipment. In the venous puncture， the only necessities are 24G retention needle，3M indwelling needle and adhesive tape. Obviously，it is economical and practical， and is suitable for application in clinic.
［Abstract］Objective To investigate the application effect of the puncture method of indwelling needle by single hand in clinical attendance of pediatrics. Methods From March 2015 to September 2015， 578 patients in our pediatrics were randomly and equally divided into two groups. The experiment group were treated with the puncture method of indwelling needle by single hand and the control group received traditional puncturing method. Results There were statistical significances in the success rate of first puncture，degree of comfort， sense of pain， dropping of the indwelling needle，phlebitis，exosmosis of drugs and indwelling time of patients between the two groups（P < 0.05）. Conclusion In the process of using indwelling needle in pediatrics， the application of the puncture method of indwelling needle by single hand could improve the success rate of first puncture of venous retention needle，enhance the comfort degree of neonates，relieve the sense of pain， reduce the dropping of the indwelling needle，incidence of phlebitis and exosmosis of drugs，and prolong the indwelling time. The operation of this puncture is simple and easy to do and to learn，without any special equipment. In the venous puncture， the only necessities are 24G retention needle，3M indwelling needle and adhesive tape. Obviously，it is economical and practical， and is suitable for application in clinic.
