Prognostic Value of Soluble Growth Stimulating Express Gene 2 Protein and Growth Hormone/Insulin-Like Growth Factor in Peripheral Blood for Prostate Cancer
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摘要:
目的 探索外周血可溶性生长刺激表达基因2蛋白(soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2,sST2)及生长激素(growth hormone,GH)/胰岛素样生长因子(insulin-like growth factors,IGF-I)对前列腺癌预后的预测价值。 方法 以2022年1月至2023年1月张家口市第一医院泌尿外科收治的153例前列腺癌患者为研究对象,依据术后2年预后状况分为预后良好组(n = 126)和预后不良组(n = 27)。收集临床资料,采用单因素分析前列腺癌预后不良影响因素,多因素Logistic回归分析前列腺癌预后不良危险因素,ROC曲线分析血清sST2、GH、IGF-I水平对前列腺癌预后不良的预测价值。 结果 前列腺癌患者术后2年预后良好126例,预后不良27例。单因素分析结果显示,预后不良组Gleason评分≥7分占比、术前PSA水平、sST2、GH、IGF-I水平均高于预后良好组(P < 0.05);术前PSA水平、sST2、GH、IGF-I是前列腺癌预后不良独立危险因素(P < 0.05);sST2、GH、IGF-I单独及联合预测前列腺癌预后不良的曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)分别为0.843(95%CI:0.761~0.926)、0.768(95%CI:0.647~0.889)、0.775(95%CI:0.674~0.875)、0.920(95%CI:0.844~0.996);sST2、GH、IGF-I三者联合预测前列腺癌预后不良的AUC显著大于单独检测(P < 0.05)。 结论 sST2、GH、IGF-I是前列腺癌预后不良独立危险因素,联合检测三项指标对前列腺癌预后不良具备较高预测效能。 -
关键词:
- 前列腺癌 /
- 可溶性生长刺激表达基因2蛋白 /
- 生长激素 /
- 胰岛素样生长因子 /
- 预后预测
Abstract:Objective To explore the predictive value of soluble growth stimulating express gene 2 protein (sST2) and growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I) in peripheral blood for the prognosis of prostate cancer. Methods A total of 153 prostate cancer patients admitted to the Department of Urology at the First Hospital of Zhangjiakou from January 2022 to January 2023 were enrolled as study subjects. Based on the 2-year postoperative prognosis, patients were divided into a good prognosis group (n = 126) and a poor prognosis group (n = 27). Clinical data were collected, and univariate analysis was conducted to identify adverse prognostic factors for prostate cancer. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to determine independent risk factors for poor prognosis. ROC curve analysis was performed to assess the predictive value of serum sST2, GH, and IGF-I levels for poor prostate cancer prognosis. Results Among the 153 prostate cancer patients, 126 exhibited a favorable 2-year postoperative prognosis, while 27 had an unfavorable prognosis. Univariate analysis revealed that the unfavorable prognosis group had significantly higher proportions of Gleason score ≥7, preoperative PSA levels, sST2, GH, and IGF-I levels compared to the favorable prognosis group (P < 0.05). Preoperative PSA levels, sST2, GH, and IGF-I were identified as independent risk factors for poor prostate cancer prognosis (P < 0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of sST2, GH, and IGF-I alone, and in combination were 0.843 (95%CI: 0.761~0.926), 0.768 (95%CI: 0.647~0.889), 0.775 (95%CI: 0.674~0.875), and 0.920 (95%CI: 0.844~0.996), respectively. The combined AUC was significantly greater than the individual measurements (P < 0.05). Conclusion sST2, GH, and IGF-I are independent risk factors for poor prostate cancer prognosis. Combined detection of three three biomarkers demonstrates high predictive efficacy for poor prostate cancer prognosis. -
表 1 前列腺癌患者预后不良影响因素单因素分析[($ \bar x \pm s $)/n(%)]
Table 1. Univariate analysis of prognostic risk factors in prostate cancer patients[($ \bar x \pm s $)/n(%)]
指标 类别 预后良好组(n = 126) 预后不良组(n = 27) χ2/t P 年龄(岁) 68.83 ± 7.16 69.52 ± 8.20 −0.445 0.657 BMI(kg/m2) 22.89 ± 1.25 23.41 ± 1.28 −1.951 0.053 临床分期 T1~T2 69(54.76) 10(37.04) 2.797 0.094 T3~T4 57(45.24) 17(62.96) Gleason评分(分) ≥7 51(40.48) 19(70.37) 8.006 0.005* <7 75(59.52) 8(29.63) 病理类型 腺泡腺癌 116(92.06) 24(88.89) 0.270 0.603 其他 10(7.94) 3(11.11) 术前PSA水平(ng/mL) 44.27 ± 10.31 58.61 ± 11.58 −6.418 0.000 * 肿瘤最大直径(cm) 4.78 ± 0.46 4.92 ± 0.51 −1.451 0.149 治疗方式 单纯手术 27(21.43) 6(22.22) 1.739 0.628 单纯化疗 23(18.25) 5(18.52) ADT 20(15.87) 4(14.81) ADT联合治疗 56(44.44) 11(40.74) sST2(ng/mL) 25.73 ± 8.42 38.76 ± 10.55 −6.965 <0.000 * GH(ng/mL) 1.24 ± 0.21 1.55 ± 0.34 −4.474 <0.000 * IGF-I(ng/mL) 150.18 ± 30.32 185.61 ± 35.37 −5.346 <0.000* *P < 0.05。 表 2 前列腺癌预后危险因素单因筛选
Table 2. Single factor screening of prognostic risk factors for prostate cancer
变量 β SE Wald P OR(95%CI) Gleason评分 1.251 0.459 7.428 0.006* 3.493(1.421~8.585) 术前PSA水平 −0.120 0.025 23.662 <0.001* 0.887(0.845~0.931) sST2 0.159 0.032 24.487 <0.001* 1.173(1.101~1.249) GH 4.739 1.026 21.356 <0.001* 114.363(15.322~853.587) IGF-I 0.036 0.008 18.774 <0.001* 1.036(1.020~1.053) *P < 0.05。 表 3 变量赋值表
Table 3. Variable assignment table
变量 名称 赋值 因变量 组别 1=预后良好组,0=预后不良组 自变量 Gleason评分 1=≥7分,0=<7分 术前PSA水平 计量数据,按实际数据输入 sST2 计量数据,按实际数据输入 GH 计量数据,按实际数据输入 IGF-I 计量数据,按实际数据输入 表 4 前列腺癌预后危险因素多因素分析
Table 4. Multivariate analysis of prognostic risk factors for prostate cancer
变量 β SE Wald P OR(95%CI) BMI 0.266 0.321 0.689 0.407 1.305(0.696~2.447) 临床分期 0.573 0.750 0.584 0.445 1.774(0.408~7.721) Gleason评分 0.253 0.740 0.116 0.733 1.287(0.302~5.494) 术前PSA水平 −0.117 0.041 8.040 0.005* 1.124(1.037~1.218) sST2 0.113 0.044 6.703 0.010* 1.120(1.028~1.220) GH 0.406 0.190 4.592 0.032* 1.501(1.035~2.177) IGF-I 0.034 0.012 7.563 0.006* 1.035(1.010~1.060) 注:由于GH值组间绝对差异不大,对GH进行标准化(Z-score)处理,将GH转换为标准分数(均值为0,标准差为1)。此时OR值代表“每增加1个标准差”的风险比;*P < 0.05。 表 5 sST2、GH、IGF-I水平及三者联合预测前列腺癌预后不良的ROC曲线
Table 5. ROC curve of sST2,GH,IGF-I levels and their combination in predicting poor prognosis of prostate cancer
检验变量 AUC SE P 95%CI cut-off值 约登指数 灵敏度 特异度 sST2 0.843 0.042 <0.001* 0.761~0.926 29.895 0.529 0.815 0.714 GH 0.768 0.062 <0.001* 0.647~0.889 1.525 0.543 0.63 0.913 IGF-I 0.775 0.051 <0.001* 0.674~0.875 155.185 0.439 0.852 0.587 三者联合预测 0.920 0.039 <0.001* 0.844~0.996 0.090 0.656 0.926 0.73 *P < 0.05。 -
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