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中国云南地区膝骨关节炎患者与健康人群膝关节冠状面对线分型分布特征研究

成佳 周桉黎 孙志航 唐浩 李文金 鲁宁

成佳, 周桉黎, 孙志航, 唐浩, 李文金, 鲁宁. 中国云南地区膝骨关节炎患者与健康人群膝关节冠状面对线分型分布特征研究[J]. 昆明医科大学学报.
引用本文: 成佳, 周桉黎, 孙志航, 唐浩, 李文金, 鲁宁. 中国云南地区膝骨关节炎患者与健康人群膝关节冠状面对线分型分布特征研究[J]. 昆明医科大学学报.
Jia CHENG, Anli ZHOU, Zhihang SUN, Hao TANG, Wenjin LI, Ning LU. Study on the Distribution Characteristics of Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) Classification in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis and Healthy Individuals in Yunnan,China[J]. Journal of Kunming Medical University.
Citation: Jia CHENG, Anli ZHOU, Zhihang SUN, Hao TANG, Wenjin LI, Ning LU. Study on the Distribution Characteristics of Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) Classification in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis and Healthy Individuals in Yunnan,China[J]. Journal of Kunming Medical University.

中国云南地区膝骨关节炎患者与健康人群膝关节冠状面对线分型分布特征研究

基金项目: 云南省重点研发计划(202403AC100008);昆明医科大学一流学科团队项(2024XKTDYS05);云南省创新团队(202505AS350011);昆明医科大学第二附属医院对外合作研究项目(2022dwhz19)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    成佳(1999~),男,云南镇雄人,在读硕士研究生,主要从事关节外科临床工作

    通讯作者:

    鲁宁,E-mail:luningwei2@163.com

  • 中图分类号: R684.3

Study on the Distribution Characteristics of Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) Classification in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis and Healthy Individuals in Yunnan,China

  • 摘要:   目的  探究中国云南地区膝骨关节炎患者与健康人群的膝关节冠状面对线(coronal plane alignment of the knee,CPAK)分型分布特征。  方法  纳入云南地区膝骨关节炎患者243例(263膝)为骨关节炎组,健康年轻人69例(138膝)为健康组。根据髋膝踝角(hip knee ankle angle,HKA)、股骨远端外侧角(lateral distal femoral angle,LDFA)、胫骨近端内侧角(medial proximal tibial angle,MPTA)等参数,计算算术髋-膝-踝角(arithmetic hip knee ankle angle,aHKA)和关节线倾角(jointline obliquity,JLO)并进行CPAK分型,比较不同分组间的分型差异。  结果  健康组以CPAK 2型(37.7%)、1型(23.9%)、3型(17.4%)为主,无7、8、9型分布;骨关节炎组以CPAK 1型(53.2%)、4型(22.1%)为主,8型无分布,9型仅1例。校正年龄、BMI、性别后,两组间各CPAK分型差异均无统计学意义(P > 0.05);健康组不同性别CPAK分型无显著差异(P > 0.05),双侧CPAK分型一致性仅39.1%;骨关节炎组不同性别、年龄(<65岁与≥65岁)、BMI(<25 kg/m2 与≥25 kg/m2)分组间CPAK分型比较差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),均以1型、4型为主。骨关节炎组结构性内翻比 例(77.6%)显著高于健康组(32.6%),MPTA低于健康组,LDFA、aHKA高于健康组(P < 0.001)。  结论  在云南健康人群和骨关节炎患者中最常见的类型分别为2型和1型。性别、BMI、年龄不影响CPAK分型分布,对侧肢体不宜作为全膝关节置换术冠状位对线规划的可靠参考。
  • 图  1  双下肢全长片HKA、LDFA、MPTA测量示意图

    Figure  1.  Schematic diagram of HKA,LDFA,and MPTA measurements on full-length radiographs of both lower extremities

    图  2  健康膝关节CPAK分型分布

    Figure  2.  Distribution of CPAK classification in healthy knee joints

    图  3  骨关节炎膝关节CPAK分型分布

    Figure  3.  Distribution of CPAK classification in knee osteoarthritis

    图  4  健康组男性CPAK分型分布

    Figure  4.  Distribution of CPAK classification in males of the healthy group

    图  5  健康组女性CPAK分型分布

    Figure  5.  Distribution of CPAK classification in females of the healthy group

    图  6  健康组左侧CPAK分型分布

    Figure  6.  Distribution of left CPAK classification in the healthy group

    图  7  健康组右侧CPAK分型分布

    Figure  7.  Distribution of right CPAK classification in the healthy group

    图  8  骨关节炎组男性患者CPAK分型分布

    Figure  8.  Distribution of CPAK classification in male patients in the osteoarthritis group

    图  9  骨关节炎组女性患者CPAK分型分布

    Figure  9.  Distribution of CPAK classification among female patients in the osteoarthritis group

    图  10  骨关节炎组中年患者(<65岁)CPAK分型分布

    Figure  10.  Distribution of CPAK classification in middle-aged patients (<65 years old) in the osteoarthritis group

    图  11  骨关节炎组老年患者(≥65岁)CPAK分型分布

    Figure  11.  Distribution of CPAK classification in elderly patients (≥65 years old) with osteoarthritis group

    图  12  骨关节炎组BMI正常人群CPAK分型分布

    Figure  12.  Distribution of CPAK classification in the population with normal BMI in the osteoarthritis group

    图  13  骨关节炎组BMI超重/肥胖人群CPAK分型分布

    Figure  13.  Distribution of CPAK classifications in overweight/obese BMI population of the osteoarthritis group

    表  1  CPAK分型

    Table  1.   CPAK classification

    aHKA (MPTA − LDFA)
    内翻
    (<−2°)
    中立
    (0 ± 2)°
    外翻
    (>2°)
    JLO
    (MPTA + LDFA)
    远端顶点
    (<177°)
    CPAK 1 CPAK 2 CPAK 3
    中立
    (180 ± 3)°
    CPAK 4 CPAK 5 CPAK 6
    近端顶点
    (>183°)
    CPAK 7 CPAK 8 CPAK 9
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  骨关节炎组观察者组内、组间测量一致性

    Table  2.   Intra-observer and inter-observer measurement consistency in the osteoarthritis group

    参数 观察组内 观察组间
    ICC系数 P 95%CI ICC系数 P 95%CI
    MPTA 0.886 <0.001* (0.775,0.944) 0.881 <0.001* (0.765,0.942)
    LDFA 0.873 <0.001* (0.753,0.937) 0.884 <0.001* (0.773,0.943)
    HKA 0.907 <0.001* (0.814,0.955) 0.890 <0.001* (0.783,0.946)
      *P < 0.05。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  健康组观察者组内、组间测量一致性

    Table  3.   Intra-group and inter-group measurement consistency in the healthy group

    参数 观察组内 观察组间
    ICC系数 P 95%CI ICC系数 P 95%CI
    MPTA 0.879 <0.001* (0.763,0.941) 0.877 <0.001* (0.743,0.942)
    LDFA 0.891 <0.001* (0.783,0.946) 0.888 <0.001* (0.740,0.949)
    HKA 0.897 <0.001* (0.793,0.950) 0.899 <0.001* (0.793,0.951)
      *P < 0.05。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  健康组与关节炎组的人口统计学信息

    Table  4.   Demographic information of the healthy group and the osteoarthritis group

    参数 健康组 骨关节炎组 χ2/t P
    患者/膝 69/138 243/263
    性别(男/女) 43/26 44/199 52.23 <0.001*
    侧别(左/右) 69/69 116/147 1.27 0.261
    年龄(岁) 24.42 ± 1.38 67.70 ± 7.48 85.25 <0.001*
    体重(kg) 64.68 ± 11.90 64.61 ± 9.80 −0.05 0.962
    身高(cm) 168.67 ± 7.43 158.15 ± 6.95 −10.93 <0.001*
    BMI(kg/m2 22.58 ± 2.94 25.86 ± 3.83 7.62 <0.001*
      *P < 0.05。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  健康组与关节炎组的下肢对线参数及CPAK分型分布

    Table  5.   Distribution of lower limb alignment parameters and CPAK classification between the healthy group and the osteoarthritis group

    参数 健康组 骨关节炎组 χ2/t P
    MPTA(°) 86.63 ± 2.60 84.66 ± 4.72 5.391 <0.001*
    LDFA(°) 87.05 ± 2.68 90.22 ± 3.93 −9.519 <0.001*
    aHKA(°) −0.42 ± 3.61 −5.56 ± 7.5 9.261 <0.001*
    JLO(°) 173.69 ± 3.86 174.88 ± 4.39 −2.706 0.007*
    HKA(°) 178.23 ± 2.31 171.09 ± 9.08 9.074 <0.001*
    aHKA分型
     结构性内翻 45(32.6) 204(77.6) 87.712 <0.001*
     中立位 60(43.5) 23(8.7)
     结构性外翻 33(23.9) 36(13.7)
    JLO分型
     远端顶点关节线 109(79.0) 178(67.7) 0.017*
     水平关节线 29(21.0) 78(29.7)
     近端顶点关节线 0(0) 7(2.7)
    CPAK分型分布
     CPAK-1 33(23.9) 140(53.2) <0.001*
     CPAK-2 52(37.7) 17(6.5)
     CPAK-3 24(17.4) 22(8.4)
     CPAK-4 13(9.4) 58(22.1)
     CPAK-5 9(6.5) 6(2.3)
     CPAK-6 7(5.1) 13(4.9)
     CPAK-7 0(0.0) 6(2.3)
     CPAK-8 0(0.0) 0(0.0)
     CPAK-9 0(0.0) 1(0.4)
      *P < 0.05。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  校正年龄、BMI、性别后 CPAK 分型多因素回归分析结果

    Table  6.   Results of multivariate regression analysis for CPAK classification after adjusting for age,BMI and gender

    CPAK分型(vs 1型) OR 95%CI下限 95%CI上限 P
    2型 1.179 0.062 22.487 0.913
    3型 5.013 0.301 83.533 0.261
    4型 0.599 0.08 4.488 0.618
    合并型 2.619 0.184 37.288 0.477
      *P < 0.05。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7  健康组不同性别下肢对线参数及CPAK分型分布

    Table  7.   Lower limb alignment parameters and CPAK classification distribution in the healthy group

    参数 男性 女性 χ2/t P
    MPTA(°) 86.30 ± 2.41 87.18 ± 2.82 −1.942 0.054
    LDFA(°) 87.06 ± 2.85 87.04 ± 2.40 0.043 0.966
    aHKA(°) −0.76 ± 3.49 0.14 ± 3.77 −1.422 0.157
    JLO(°) 173.36 ± 3.96 174.22 ± 3.65 −1.27 0.206
    HKA(°) 177.78 ± 2.20 178.96 ± 2.33 −2.969 0.004*
    aHKA分型
     结构性内翻 31(36.1) 14(26.9) 2.494 0.287
     中立位 38(44.2) 22(42.3)
     结构性外翻 17(19.8) 16(30.8)
    JLO分型
     远端顶点关节线 73(84.9) 36(69.2) 4.784 0.029*
     水平关节线 13(15.1) 16(30.8)
     近端顶点关节线 0(0%) 0(0)
    CPAK分型分布
     CPAK-1 24(27.9) 9(17.3) 0.145
     CPAK-2 36(41.9) 16(30.8)
     CPAK-3 13(15.1) 11(21.2)
     CPAK-4 7(8.1) 6(11.5)
     CPAK-5 4(4.7) 5(9.6)
     CPAK-6 2(2.3) 5(9.6)
      *P < 0.05。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  9  健康组左右侧的CPAK、JLO和aHKA一致性

    Table  9.   Consistency of CPAK,JLO,and aHKA on the left and right sides in the healthy group

    双侧一致 双侧不一致 Cohen's Kappa 系数 P值
    CPAK 27(39.1%) 42(60.9%) 0.1992 0.003*
    aHKA 35(50.7%) 34(49.3%) 0.2500 0.0007*
    JLO 53(76.8%) 16(23.2%) 0.2599 0.0698*
      *P < 0.05。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  8  健康组双侧下肢对线参数及CPAK分型分布

    Table  8.   Distribution of bilateral lower extremity alignment parameters and CPAK classification in the healthy group

    参数 左侧 右侧 t P
    MPTA(°) 86.43 ± 2.40 86.84 ± 2.79 −1.163 0.249
    LDFA(°) 87.22 ± 2.79 86.88 ± 2.57 1.133 0.261
    aHKA(°) −0.79 ± 3.87 −0.04 ± 3.31 −1.959 0.054
    JLO(°) 173.65 ± 3.48 173.72 ± 4.22 −0.128 0.898
    HKA(°) 178.12 ± 2.24 178.33 ± 2.39 −0.89 0.377
    aHKA分型
     结构性内翻 28(40.6) 17(24.6)
     中立位 27(39.1) 33(47.8)
     结构性外翻 14(20.3) 19(27.5)
    JLO分型
     远端顶点关节线 56(81.2) 53(76.8)
     水平关节线 13(18.8) 16(23.2)
     近端顶点关节线 0(0) 0(0)
    CPAK分型分布
     CPAK-1 20(29.0) 13(18.8)
     CPAK-2 24(34.8) 28(40.6)
     CPAK-3 12(17.4) 12(17.4)
     CPAK-4 8(11.6) 5(7.3)
     CPAK-5 4(5.8) 5(7.3)
     CPAK-6 1(1.5) 6(8.7)
      *P < 0.05。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  10  骨关节炎组男性患者和女性患者下肢对线参数及CPAK分型分布

    Table  10.   Distribution of lower limb alignment parameters and CPAK classification in male and female patients in the osteoarthritis group

    参数 男性 女性 t P
    MPTA(°) 84.00 ± 4.39 84.81 ± 4.79 −1.089 0.277
    LDFA(°) 91.00 ± 3.81 90.04 ± 3.95 1.545 0.124
    aHKA(°) −7.00 ± 6.80 −5.23 ± 7.63 0.492 0.136
    JLO(°) 175.00 ± 4.64 174.86 ± 4.34 0.681 0.833
    HKA(°) 169.72 ± 7.89 171.41 ± 9.32 0.466 0.241
    aHKA分型
     结构性内翻 43(87.8) 161(75.2) 0.213
     中立位 2(4.1) 21(9.8)
     结构性外翻 4(8.2) 32(15.0)
    JLO分型
     远端顶点关节线 33(67.3) 145(67.8) 0.769
     水平关节线 14(28.6) 64(29.9)
     近端顶点关节线 2(4.1) 5(2.3)
    CPAK分型分布 0.308
     CPAK-1 32(65.3) 108(50.5)
     CPAK-2 1(2.0) 16(7.5)
     CPAK-3 1(2.0) 21(9.8)
     CPAK-4 10(20.4) 48(22.4)
     CPAK-5 1(2.0) 5(2.3)
     CPAK-6 2(4.1) 11(5.1)
     CPAK-7 2(4.1) 4(1.9)
     CPAK-8 0(0.0) 0(0.0)
     CPAK-9 0(0.0) 1(0.5)
      *P < 0.05。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  11  骨关节炎组不同年龄患者下肢对线参数及CPAK分型分布

    Table  11.   Distribution of lower limb alignment parameters and CPAK classification in patients of different ages in the osteoarthritis group

    参数 <65岁 ≥65岁 χ2/t P
    MPTA(°) 84.49 ± 4.57 84.75 ± 4.81 −0.431 0.667
    LDFA(°) 90.36 ± 3.8 90.15 ± 4.01 0.407 0.684
    aHKA(°) −5.87 ± 7.03 −5.4 ± 7.75 −0.485 0.628
    JLO(°) 174.85 ± 4.6 174.9 ± 4.29 −0.098 0.922
    HKA(°) 170.31 ± 8.36 171.5 ± 9.43 −1.007 0.315
    aHKA分型
     结构性内翻 71(78.9) 133(76.9) 0.941 0.625
     中立位 9(10) 14(8.1)
     结构性外翻 10(11.1) 26(15)
    JLO分型
     远端顶点关节线 61(67.8) 117(67.6) 0.392
     水平关节线 25(27.8) 53(30.6)
     近端顶点关节线 4(4.4) 3(1.7)
    CPAK分型分布
     CPAK-1 47(52.2) 93(53.8) 0.659
     CPAK-2 7(7.8) 10(5.8)
     CPAK-3 8 (8.9) 14(8.1)
     CPAK-4 20 (22.2) 38(22.0)
     CPAK-5 2(2.2) 4(2.3)
     CPAK-6 2(2.2) 11(6.4)
     CPAK-7 3(3.3) 3(1.7)
     CPAK-8 0(0.0) 0(0.0)
     CPAK-9 1(1.1) 0(0.0)
      *P < 0.05。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  12  不同BMI患者的下肢对线线参数及CPAK分型分布

    Table  12.   Distribution of lower limb alignment parameters and CPAK classification in patients with different BMI

    参数 BMI<25 BMI≥25 χ2/t P
    MPTA(°) 84.98 ± 4.95 84.45 ± 4.56 0.99 0.323
    LDFA(°) 90.31 ± 3.95 90.16 ± 3.93 −0.225 0.822
    aHKA(°) −5.33 ± 7.82 −5.71 ± 7.3 0.741 0.459
    JLO(°) 175.29 ± 4.38 174.62 ± 4.39 0.862 0.39
    HKA(°) 171.69 ± 10.31 170.66 ± 8.09 0.913 0.362
    aHKA分型
     结构性内翻 83(75.5) 121(79.1) 0.551 0.759
     中立位 11(10) 12(7.8)
     结构性外翻 16(14.5) 20(13.1)
    JLO分型
     远端顶点关节线 73(66.4) 105(68.6) 0.939
     水平关节线 34(30.9) 44(28.8)
     近端顶点关节线 3(2.7) 4(2.6)
    CPAK分型分布
     CPAK-1 56(50.9) 84(54.9) 0.214
     CPAK-2 10(9.1) 7(4.6)
     CPAK-3 7(6.4) 15(9.8)
     CPAK-4 24(21.8) 34(22.2)
     CPAK-5 1(0.9) 5(3.3)
     CPAK-6 9(8.2) 4(2.6)
     CPAK-7 3(2.7) 3(2.0)
     CPAK-8 0(0.0) 0(0.0)
     CPAK-9 0(0.0) 1(0.7)
      *P < 0.05。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  13  骨关节炎组左右侧的CPAK、JLO和aHKA一致性

    Table  13.   Consistency of CPAK,JLO and aHKA on the left and right sides in the osteoarthritis group

    双侧一致双侧不一致
    CPAK8(40.0%)12(60.0%)20对
    aHKA17(85.0%)3(15.0%)
    JLO11(55.0%)9(45.0%)
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2026-01-18
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