Analysis of Influencing Factors for Severe Kinesiophobia After Total Knee Arthroplasty and Establishment and Validation of Nomogram Model
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摘要:
目的 探讨全膝关节置换术后发生重度运动恐惧的影响因素,构建Nomogram模型并验证。 方法 回顾性选自2022年3月至2024年5月入海军特色医学中心骨科行全膝关节置换术患者492例为训练集,另选取164例患者为验证集。单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析术后发生重度运动恐惧的影响因素,绘制Nomogram模型,通过ROC曲线、校准曲线与决策曲线验证模型有效性。 结果 经中文版恐动症评估简表评分发现,重度运动恐惧发生率为23.98%。多因素 Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、居住情况、下地时间、置换关节数、下肢深静脉血栓、膝关节功能、术后跌倒史、术后疼痛状况、运动自我效能和应对方式为全膝关节置换术后重度运动恐惧发生的独立影响因素;基于影响因素构建全膝关节置换术后重度运动恐惧的Nomogram模型,该模型预测训练集、验证集全膝关节置换术后患者发生重度运动恐惧的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)分别为0.885(95%CI:0.834~0.937)、0.839(95%CI:0.747~0.931),灵敏度分别为89.40%、87.20%,特异度为68.00%、71.30%,提示模型区分度良好;基于训练集开展 1000 次 Bootstrap 重复抽样内部验证,校正后 C-index 为 0.879(95%CI:0.759~0.927)。该Nomogram模型预测训练集、验证集的拟合程度良好(χ2 = 4.925、6.209,P = 0.766、0.624),具有较好的校准一致性;决策曲线分析结果显示,训练集阈值概率<0.80、验证集阈值概率<0.98 时,Nomogram 模型的临床净获益>0,在该阈值范围内,模型净获益优于全治疗、不治疗两种极端策略,提示模型在此区间具有正向临床净获益。结论 基于年龄、居住情况、下地时间、置换关节数、下肢深静脉血栓、膝关节功能、术后跌倒史、术后疼痛状况、运动自我效能和应对方式构建的全膝关节置换术后患者发生重度运动恐惧的Nomogram模型具有较好的区分度、校准一致性与临床净获益,可为术后重度运动恐惧的风险评估提供参考。 -
关键词:
- 全膝关节置换术 /
- 重度运动恐惧 /
- 影响因素 /
- Nomogram模型
Abstract:Objective To investigate the factors influencing severe kinesiophobia after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and to construct and validate a Nomogram model. Methods A total of 492 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty in the Department of Orthopedics, Navy Medical Center from March 2022 to May 2024 were retrospectively selected as the training set, and another 164 patients were selected as the validation set. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors influencing severe kinesiophobia after surgery. A Nomogram model was constructed, and its validity was assessed using the ROC curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis. Results According to the scores of the Chinese version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11), the incidence of severe kinesiophobia was 23.98%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age, living situation, time to out-of-bed ambulation, number of replaced joints, lower extremity deep venous thrombosis, knee joint function, postoperative fall history, postoperative pain status, exercise self-efficacy, and coping style were independent influencing factors for the severe kinesiophobia after total knee arthroplasty. A Nomogram model for severe kinesiophobia after total knee arthroplasty was constructed based on these factors. The area under the curve (AUC) of the model for predicting severe kinesiophobia in the training and validation sets was 0.885 (95%CI: 0.834~0.937) and 0.839 (95%CI: 0.747~0.931), respectively, with sensitivities of 89.40% and 87.20% and specificities of 68.00% and 71.30%, indicating good discrimination. Internal validation was performed using 1, 000 bootstrap resampling iterations based on the training set, yielding an adjusted C-index of 0.879 (95%CI: 0.759~0.927). The Nomogram model demonstrated good goodness-of-fit for both the training and validation sets (χ2 = 4.925 and 6.209; P = 0.766 and 0.624), indicating good calibration consistency. Decision curve analysis showed that when the threshold probability was <0.80 for the training set and <0.98 for the validation set, the clinical net benefit of the Nomogram model was >0. Within this threshold range, the net benefit of the model was superior to the two extreme strategies of treat-all and treat-none, suggesting that the model provides a positive clinical net benefit within this interval. Conclusion The Nomogram model for severe kinesiophobia after TKA, constructed based on age, living situation, time to out-of-bed ambulation, number of replaced joints, lower extremity deep vein thrombosis, knee joint function, postoperative fall history, postoperative pain status, exercise self-efficacy, and coping style, demonstrates good discrimination, calibration consistency, and clinical net benefit, and can serve as a reference for the risk assessment of severe kinesiophobia after surgery. -
Key words:
- Total knee arthroplasty /
- Severe kinesiophobia /
- Influencing factors /
- Nomogram model
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表 1 全膝关节置换术后发生重度运动恐惧影响因素的单因素分析[n(%)](1)
Table 1. Univariate analysis of factors influencing severe kinesiophobia after total knee arthroplasty[n(%)](1)
资料 n 重度运动恐惧组(n = 118) 轻中度运动恐惧组(n = 374) χ2 P 年龄(岁) <70 286 38(32.20) 248(66.31) 42.871 <0.001* ≥70 206 80(67.80) 126(33.69) 性别 男 318 84(71.19) 234(62.57) 2.916 0.088 女 174 34(28.81) 140(37.43) 文化程度 初中及以下 288 74(62.71) 214(57.22) 1.115 0.291 高中及以上 204 44(37.29) 160(42.78) 婚姻状况 已婚 382 88(74.58) 294(78.61) 0.481 0.359 未婚/离异/丧偶 110 30(25.42) 80(21.39) 家庭月收入(元) < 5000 254 64(54.24) 190(20.80) 0.424 0.515 ≥ 5000 238 54(45.76) 184(49.20) 居住地 乡镇 186 46(38.98) 140(37.43) 0.092 0.762 城镇 306 72(61.02) 234(62.57) 体重指数(kg/m2) ≤23.9 270 42(35.59) 228(60.96) 23.314 <0.001* >23.9 222 76(64.41) 146(39.04) 医疗保险类型 医保 436 101(85.59) 335(89.57) 1.408 0.235 自费 56 17(14.41) 39(10.43) 病程(年) <5 28 6(5.08) 22(5.88) 0.861 0.65 5~10 148 32(27.12) 116(31.02) >10 316 80(67.80) 236(63.10) 居住情况 非独居 462 96(81.36) 366(97.86) 42.676 <0.001 独居 30 22(18.64) 8(2.14) 置换关节数 单侧 264 34(28.81) 230(61.50) 38.534 <0.001 双侧 228 84(71.19) 144(38.50) 下肢深静脉血栓 是 114 64(54.24) 50(13.37) 84.158 <0.001 否 378 54(45.76) 324(86.63) 表 2 赋值情况
Table 2. Assignment of values
变量 赋值 年龄 <70岁=0,≥70=1 体重指数 ≤23.9 kg/m2 = 0,>23.9 kg/m2 = 1 居住情况 非独居=0,独居=1 下地时间 ≤7 d=0,>7 d=1 置换关节数 单侧=0,双侧=1 下肢深静脉血栓 是=1,否=0 膝关节功能(哑变量,参照组:优) 良 是=1,否=0 中 是=1,否=0 差 是=1,否=0 术后跌倒史 是=1,否=0 术后疼痛状况 轻度=0,中重度=1 运动自我效能 低水平=0,中高水平=1 应对方式 积极应对=0,消极应对=1 表 3 患者多因素 Logistic回归分析
Table 3. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis
影响因素 B SE Waldχ2 P OR 95%CI 年龄 0.913 0.216 5.587 <0.001* 2.492 1.631-3.805 体重指数 0.542 0.307 3.125 0.079 1.719 0.942-3.138 居住情况 1.142 0.339 4.416 0.003 2.818 1.612-6.088 下地时间 1.187 0.278 5.631 <0.001* 3.277 1.900-5.651 置换关节数 1.031 0.235 5.427 <0.001* 3.133 1.768-4.444 下肢深静脉血栓 0.986 0.209 4.935 <0.001* 2.680 1.779-4.037 膝关节功能(优为哑变量) 良 0.498 0.297 3.037 0.095 1.645 0.919-2.945 中 0.613 0.341 3.331 0.074 1.846 0.946-3.601 差 1.315 0.426 4.447 0.002 3.725 1.616-8.584 术后跌倒史 1.172 0.342 4.787 0.001 3.228 1.651-6.311 术后疼痛状况 1.334 0.259 6.511 <0.001* 3.796 2.284-6.306 运动自我效能 −0.278 0.078 4.924 <0.001* 0.757 0.649-0.882 应对方式 1.187 0.271 5.74 <0.001* 3.277 1.926-5.574 *P < 0.05。 -
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