Diagnostic Performance of Interferon-γ Release Assay combined with Xpert MTB/RIF for Pulmonary Tuberculosis in AIDS Patients with Low CD4+ T Lymphocyte Counts
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摘要:
目的 评估γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)释放实验(interferon-gamma release assay,IGRA)联合实时荧光定量核酸扩增检测技术(Xpert MTB/RIF)诊断低CD4+T淋巴细胞计数艾滋病合并肺结核的临床效能。 方法 选取2023年1月至2025年1月于衡水市第二人民医院就诊的140例低CD4+T计数艾滋病患者作为研究对象,根据是否合并肺结核分为无结核组(不合并肺结核,n = 26例)、菌阴组(合并菌阴肺结核,n = 68例)、菌阳组(合并菌阳肺结核,n = 46例)。比较三组患者血IFN-γ水平,比较IGRA检测、Xpert MTB/RIF检测及联合检测诊断检出率;比较IGRA检测阴性、阳性患者的基线资料;根据患者CD4+T淋巴细胞计数水平分为<50 cells/μL、50~99 cells/μL、100~199 cells/μL三个亚组,比较其IGRA检测、Xpert MTB/RIF检测及联合检测检出率;比较IGRA检测、Xpert MTB/RIF检测及联合检测与临床诊断结果的一致性;ROC曲线分析IGRA检测、Xpert MTB/RIF检测及联合检测对不同CD4+T淋巴细胞计数水平患者的诊断价值。 结果 无结核组IGRA检出率、Xpert MTB/RIF检出率及联合检出率低于菌阴组、菌阳组(P < 0.05)。菌阳组结核分枝杆菌培养阳性率高于无结核组、菌阴组(P < 0.05)。68例菌阴肺结核患者中,有68例(100.00%)病理学检查结果为阳性。阳性组年龄低于阴性组(P < 0.05),症状持续时间<1个月的患者多于阴性组(P < 0.05)。CD4+T淋巴细胞计数水平<50 cells/μL亚组的IGRA、Xpert MTB/RIF及二者联合检测检出率显著低于50~99 cells/μL及100~199 cells/μL亚组(P < 0.05)。IGRA检测、Xpert MTB/RIF检测及联合检测,在CD4+T淋巴细胞计数水平为50~99 cells/μL和100~199 cells/μL的艾滋病合并结核患者中与临床诊断一致性较好(Kappa≥0.75),在<50 cells/μL的患者中一致性一般(0.4≤Kappa < 0.75)。 结论 IGRA联合Xpert MTB/RIF的诊断准确性可能优于二者单独检测,随CD4+T计数降低,诊断准确率降低,二者联合可能存在一定优势。 -
关键词:
- 艾滋病合并肺结核 /
- γ-干扰素释放实验 /
- 实时荧光定量核酸扩增检测技术 /
- 低CD4+T计数
Abstract:Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of interferon-γ ( IFN-γ ) release assay ( IGRA ) combined with real-time fluorescence quantitative nucleic acid amplification assay ( Xpert MTB / RIF ) in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in AIDS patients with low CD4+T lymphocyte counts. Methods A total of 140 AIDS patients with low CD4+T counts admitted to Hengshui Second People's Hospital from January 2023 to January 2025 were selected as the research subjects. Based on PTB status, patients were divided into a non-tuberculosis group (26 cases without tuberculosis), a bacteria-negative group (68 cases with bacteria-negative tuberculosis), and a bacteria-positive group (46 cases with bacteria-positive tuberculosis). Blood IFN-γ levels were compared among the three groups, and the detection rates of IGRA, Xpert MTB/RIF, and their combination were analyzed. Baseline characteristics were compared between IGRA-negative and IGRA-positive patients. Patients were further stratified into three subgroups based on CD4+ T-cell count: <50 cells/μL, 50-99 cells/μL, and 100~199 cells/μL. Detection rates of the three diagnostic strategies were compared across subgroups. Agreement between each diagnostic strategy and the final clinical diagnosis was assessed. ROC curve was used to analyze the diagnostic value of each strategy for patients with different CD4+T lymphocyte count levels. Result The detection rates of IGRA, Xpert MTB/RIF and their combination were significantly lower in the non-TB group compared to those in the negative bacteria group and the positive bacteria group (P < 0.05). The mycobacterial culture positivity rate was higher in the positive bacteria group than that in the non-tuberculosis group and the negative group (P < 0.05). Among the 68 patients with negative pulmonary tuberculosis, 68 (100.00%) had positive pathological findings. The IGRA-positive group was younger (P < 0.05) and had a higher proportion of patients with symptom duration <1 month compared to the IGRA-negative group (P < 0.05). The detection rates of IGRA, Xpert MTB/RIF and their combination were significantly lower in the <50 cells/μL subgroup compared to the 50-99 cells/μL and 100-199 cells/μL subgroups(P < 0.05).In AIDS patients with PTB and CD4+ T-cell counts of 50–99 cells/μL or 100–199 cells/μL, all three diagnostic strategies showed good agreement with the clinical diagnosis (Kappa ≥ 0.75). For patients with counts <50 cells/μL, agreement was moderate (0.4 ≤ Kappa < 0.75). Conclusion The diagnostic accuracy of IGRA combined with Xpert MTB/RIF may be superior to either test alone. Diagnostic accuracy decreases with declining CD4+ T-cell counts, yet the combined approach may retain a relative advantage. -
表 1 三种检测方法检出率比较[$ \bar x \pm s $/n(%)]
Table 1. Comparison of detection rates among the three detection methods[$ \bar x \pm s $/n(%)]
组别 n IFN-γ
(IU/mL)IGRA检测 Xpert MTB/RIF
检测联合检测 结核分枝
杆菌培养涂片结果 病理学确诊 无结核组 26 0.32 ± 0.07 2(7.69) 2(7.69) 4(15.38) 0(0.00) 阴性:0(0.00) 0(0.00) 菌阴组 68 0.51 ± 0.11∆ 48(70.59)∆ 50(73.53)∆ 58(85.29)∆ 4(5.88) 阴性:0(0.00) 68(100.00) 菌阳组 46 0.49 ± 0.10∆ 30(65.22)∆ 26(56.52)∆ 38(82.61)∆ 46(100.00)∆ 阳性:46(100.00)
其中:+:10(21.74)
++:18(39.13)
+++:18(39.13)0(0.00) F/χ2 17.580 32.210 33.060 49.240 123.600 - - P <0.001* <0.001* <0.001* <0.001* <0.001* - - *P < 0.05;与无结核组比较,∆P < 0.05。 表 2 两组患者基线资料对比[$ \bar x \pm s $/n(%)]
Table 2. Comparison of baseline data between the two groups of patients[$ \bar x \pm s $/n(%)]
组别 阳性组(n=100) 阴性组(n=14) χ2/t P 年龄(岁) 45.78 ± 8.06 56.24 ± 9.13 4.475 <0.001* 性别 男 56(56.00) 8(57.14) 0.007 0.936 女 44(44.00) 6(42.86) 吸烟史 40(40.00) 4(28.57) 0.411 0.677 合并症 44(44.00) 6(42.86) 0.007 0.936 结核病接触史 34(34.00) 4(28.57) 0.163 0.687 症状持续时间<1个月 80(80.00) 4(28.57) 16.750 <0.001* 病变范围侵袭肺野数 52(52.00) 6(42.86) 0.411 0.522 红细胞沉降率年龄(mm/h) 29.74 ± 4.10 31.15 ± 4.66 1.185 0.238 淋巴细胞(×106/L) 1.81 ± 0.39 1.72 ± 0.36 0.816 0.416 白蛋白(g/L) 39.62 ± 4.71 40.53 ± 4.78 0.676 0.501 CD4+/CD8+ 0.51 ± 0.09 0.48 ± 0.09 1.168 0.245 *P < 0.001。 表 3 不同CD4+T淋巴细胞计数水平的患者肺结核检出率[n(%)]
Table 3. Detection rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients stratified by CD4+T lymphocyte count level[n(%)]
组别 n IGRA检出率 Xpert MTB/RIF检出率 联合检出率 <50 cells/μL 80 46(57.50) 44(55.00) 68(77.50) 50~99 cells/μL 20 18(90.00)∆∆ 20(100.00)∆ 20(100.00) 100~199 cells/μL 14 14(100.00)∆∆ 12(85.71)∆ 14(100.00) χ2 15.190 17.190 5.700 P 0.001* <0.001* 0.058 *P < 0.05;与<50 cells/μL比较,∆P < 0.05,∆∆P < 0.01。 表 4 ROC曲线分析三种检测方法对100~199 cells/μL CD4+T计数水平患者的诊断价值
Table 4. ROC curve analysis of the diagnostic value of the three methods for patients with CD4+T counts of 100~199 cells/μL
检测方法 AUC 灵敏度 特异性 约登指数 标准误差 P 95%CI IGRA检测 0.750 76.79 71.43 0.482 0.063 <0.001* 0.627~0.874 Xpert MTB/RIF检测 0.741 74.52 72.61 0.471 0.048 <0.001* 0.647~0.835 联合检测 0.813 81.26 78.93 0.602 0.057 <0.001* 0.701~0.924 *P < 0.001。 表 6 ROC曲线分析三种检测方法对CD4+T计数<50 cells/μL患者的诊断价值
Table 6. ROC curve analysis of the diagnostic value of the three methods for patients with CD4+T count<50 cells/μL
检测方法 AUC 灵敏度 特异性 约登指数 标准误差 P 95%CI IGRA检测 0.656 70.50 59.37 0.299 0.069 0.032* 0.521~0.792 Xpert MTB/RIF检测 0.643 66.87 60.12 0.270 0.056 0.015* 0.533~0.753 联合检测 0.713 72.13 68.49 0.406 0.059 0.001* 0.597~0.828 *P < 0.05。 表 5 ROC曲线分析三种检测方法对50~99 cells/μL CD4+T计数水平患者的诊断价值
Table 5. ROC curve analysis of the diagnostic value of the three methods for patients with CD4+T counts of 50~99 cells/μL
检测方法 AUC 灵敏度 特异性 约登指数 标准误差 P 95%CI IGRA检测 0.734 76.44 69.25 0.457 0.064 <0.001* 0.609~0.860 Xpert MTB/RIF检测 0.723 69.81 72.43 0.422 0.049 <0.001* 0.627~0.819 联合检测 0.800 80.05 78.12 0.582 0.052 <0.001* 0.698~0.902 *P < 0.001。 -
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