Interactive Effects and Predictive Performace of IL-19 and miR-320 on In-Stent Restenosis After PCI in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Complicated with NSTEMI
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摘要:
目的 探究白介素-19(interleukin-19,IL-19)、微小RNA-320(microRNA-320,miR-320)对2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)合并非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(non-st-segment elevation myocardial infarction,NSTEMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入术(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)后支架内再狭窄(in-stent restenosis,ISR)的交互作用及预测效能。 方法 选取2022年8月至2023年10月唐山中心医院的210例T2DM合并NSTEMI患者,根据PCI术后1年ISR情况分组,比较ISR组(n = 34)与未ISR组(n = 172)临床资料;比较术后次日、术后3个月ISR组与未ISR组IL-19、miR-320水平;分析IL-19、miR-320与Killip分级的相关性;分析T2DM合并NSTEMI患者IL-19、miR-320及二者交互作用对术后ISR的预测价值。 结果 ISR组Gensini积分高于未ISR组(t = 4.524,P < 0.001);术后次日、术后3个月ISR组IL-19、miR-320水平均高于未ISR组(术后次日IL-19:t = -8.916,miR-320:t = -9.997;术后3个月IL-19:t = -15.498,miR-320:t = -17.175;均P < 0.001);Logistic回归性分析结果显示校正Gensini积分后,术后3个月IL-19(OR = 1.099,95%CI:1.014~1.192)、miR-320(OR = 1.104,95%CI:1.019~1.196)均为ISR的独立危险因素(均P < 0.001);不同Killip分级患者IL-19、miR-320比较差异显著,IL-19、miR-320均随着Killip分级升高呈上升趋势(F = 57.143、153.049、86.212、200.270,均P < 0.001);经Spearman相关系数法分析,术后次日、术后3个月IL-19、miR-320与Killip分级均呈正相关(P < 0.05);交互作用分析显示,IL-19与miR-320存在显著的正向相乘交互作用(交互项OR = 1.042,95%CI:1.011~1.074,P = 0.006)。ROC曲线分析显示,IL-19、miR-320及二者交互作用预测T2DM合并NSTEMI患者PCI术后ISR的AUC分别为0.742(95%CI:0.676~0.800)、0.768(95%CI:0.705~0.824)、0.882(95%CI:0.830~0.922),IL-19、miR-320的交互作用预测ISR的效能较高(P < 0.05)。Bootstrap内部验证显示联合模型校正后AUC为0.871,Hosmer-Lemeshow检验P = 0.412 > 0.05,校准度良好,且联合模型在较宽的阈值概率范围内提供更高的临床净获益。 结论 IL-19、miR-320水平与T2DM合并NSTEMI患者心功能分级有关,均为PCI术后ISR的独立预测因子,IL-19、miR-320高水平时T2DM合并NSTEMI患者PCI术后ISR风险较高,联合检测对ISR有较高预测价值。 Abstract:Objective To explore the interactive effects and predictive performance of interleukin-19 (IL-19) and microRNA-320 (miR-320) for in-stent restenosis (ISR) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Methods A total of 210 patients with T2DM complicated by NSTEMI admitted to Tangshan Central Hospital from August 2022 to October 2023 were enrolled and stratified based on ISR status one year post-PCI. Clinical data were compared between the ISR group (n = 34) and non-ISR group (n = 172). IL-19 and miR-320 levels were compared between groups on postoperative day 1 and 3 months post-operation. The correlations between IL-19 and miR-320, and Killip classification were analyzed. The predictive performance of IL-19, miR-320, and their interactive effects on postoperative ISR was evaluated. Results The Gensini score in ISR group was significantly higher than in non-ISR group (t = 4.524, P < 0.001). IL-19 and miR-320 levels in the ISR group were higher than those in the non-ISR group (postoperative day 1 IL-19: t = -8.916, miR-320: t = -9.997; 3 months post-operation IL-19: t = -15.498, miR-320: t = -17.175; all P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for Gensini score, IL-19 at 3 months post-operation (OR = 1.099, 95%CI: 1.014~1.192) and miR-320 (OR = 1.104, 95%CI: 1.019~1.196) were independent risk factors for ISR(both P < 0.001). Significant differences in IL-19 and miR-320 levels were observed across different Killip classifications, with both parameters increasing with higher Killip grades (F = 57.143, 153.049, 86.212, 200.270; all P < 0.001). Spearman correlation analysis revealed positive correlations between IL-19, miR-320, and Killip classification on postoperative day 1 and 3 months post-operation (P < 0.05). Interaction analysis demonstrated a significant positive multiplicative interaction between IL-19 and miR-320 (interaction term OR = 1.042, 95%CI: 1.011~1.074, P = 0.006). ROC curve analysis revealed AUC values of 0.742 (95%CI: 0.676~0.800), 0.768 (95%CI: 0.705~0.824), and 0.882 (95%CI: 0.830~0.922) for IL-19, miR-320, and their interactive effect, respectively, in predicting ISR after PCI in T2DM patients with NSTEMI, with the interactive effect showing superior predictive performance (P < 0.05). Bootstrap internal validation showed a corrected AUC of 0.871 for the combined model, with Hosmer-Lemeshow test P = 0.412 > 0.05, indicating good calibration. The combined model provided superior clinical net benefit across a wide range of threshold probabilities. Conclusion IL-19 and miR-320 levels are associated with cardiac function classification in T2DM patients with NSTEMI and serve as independent predictive factors for ISR after PCI. Higher levels of IL-19 and miR-320 indicate increased risk of ISR after PCI in these patients. Combined detection of both biomarkers demonstrates high predictive value for ISR. -
表 1 ISR组与未ISR组临床资料比较[n(%)/($\bar x \pm s $)]
Table 1. Comparison of clinical data between ISR group and non-ISR group [n(%)/($ \bar x \pm s $)]
资料 ISR组(n = 34) 未ISR组(n = 172) χ2/t P 性别(男/女) 18(52.94)/16(47.06) 83(48.26)/89(51.74) 0.249 0.618 年龄(岁) 63.92 ± 4.16 62.75 ± 4.23 1.478 0.141 体质量指数(kg/m2) 24.11 ± 1.02 23.94 ± 0.98 0.918 0.360 T2DM病程(年) 8.35 ± 2.14 8.22 ± 2.17 0.320 0.749 发病至PCI时间(h) 3.04 ± 0.92 2.87 ± 0.83 1.072 0.285 病变支数 1.341 0.247 单支 19(55.88) 114(66.28) 多支 15(44.12) 58(33.72) 血运重建 1.697 0.193 完全血运重建 27(79.41) 151(87.79) 不完全血运重建 7(20.59) 21(12.21) Killip分级 2.076 0.354 Ⅰ级 6(17.65) 47(27.33) Ⅱ级 20(58.82) 98(56.98) Ⅲ级 8(23.53) 27(15.70) 高脂血症 8(23.53) 37(21.51) 0.068 0.795 高血压 11(32.35) 40(23.26) 1.261 0.261 空腹血糖(mmol/L) 8.87 ± 0.84 8.65 ± 1.02 1.180 0.239 糖化血红蛋白(%) 7.67 ± 0.84 7.53 ± 0.78 0.944 0.346 甘油三酯(mmol/L) 0.92 ± 0.18 0.88 ± 0.21 1.037 0.301 胆固醇(mmol/L) 4.41 ± 0.69 4.38 ± 0.53 0.286 0.775 支架置入位置 3.118 0.210 左前降支 18(52.94) 118(68.60) 左回旋支 10(29.41) 33(19.19) 右冠状动脉 6(17.65) 21(12.21) 支架类型 0.124 0.725 药物洗脱支架 30(88.24) 158(91.86) 裸金属支架 4(11.76) 14(8.14) Gensini积分(分) 23.52 ± 4.14 20.28 ± 3.75 4.524 < 0.001* 药物使用情况 β受体阻滞剂 30(88.24) 143(83.14) 0.548 0.459 硝酸酯类药物 25(73.53) 120(69.77) 0.193 0.661 他汀药物 33(97.06) 169(98.26) 0.047 0.828 ACEI/ARB类药物 27(79.41) 124(72.09) 0.777 0.378 吸烟 6(17.65) 21(12.21) 0.737 0.391 饮酒 7(20.59) 26(15.12) 0.632 0.427 *P < 0.05。 表 2 ISR组与未ISR组IL-19、miR-320比较($ \bar x \pm s $)
Table 2. Comparison of IL-19 and miR-320 between ISR group and non-ISR group ($ \bar x \pm s $)
组别 例数 IL-19(ng/L) miR-320 术后次日 术后3个月 术后次日 术后3个月 未ISR组 172 57.39 ± 11.63 46.39 ± 7.82 2.10 ± 0.14 1.79 ± 0.11 ISR组 34 78.14 ± 15.80 70.61 ± 10.57 2.38 ± 0.19 2.15 ± 0.12 t −8.916 −15.498 −9.997 −17.175 P < 0.001* < 0.001* < 0.001* < 0.001* *P < 0.05。 表 3 Logistic回归分析结果
Table 3. Results of Logistic regression analysis
因素 β Waldχ2 S.E. P OR 95%CI VIF 下限 上限 Gensini积分 0.104 9.384 0.034 < 0.001* 1.110 1.017 1.211 1.21 IL-19 0.095 10.679 0.029 < 0.001* 1.099 1.014 1.192 1.35 miR-320 0.099 9.552 0.032 < 0.001* 1.104 1.019 1.196 1.42 *P < 0.05;IL-19、miR-320均为术后3个月检测值,ISR结局于术后1年评估。 表 4 不同Killip分级IL-19、miR-320比较($\bar x \pm s$)
Table 4. Comparison of IL-19 and miR-320 in different Killip classifications ($ \bar x \pm s$)
Killip分级 n IL-19(ng/L) miR-320 术后次日 术后3个月 术后次日 术后3个月 Ⅰ级 53 52.84 ± 10.62 42.51 ± 6.73 2.03 ± 0.10 1.73 ± 0.09 Ⅱ级 118 58.37 ± 12.67a 47.65 ± 8.02a 2.12 ± 0.15a 1.79 ± 0.13a Ⅲ级 35 81.11 ± 15.53ab 71.56 ± 9.84ab 2.43 ± 0.18ab 2.23 ± 0.15ab F 57.143 153.049 86.212 200.270 P < 0.001* < 0.001* < 0.001* < 0.001* *P < 0.05;α′ = 0.05/3≈ 0.0167 ;与Ⅰ级比较,aP < α′,与Ⅱ级比较,bP < α′。表 5 IL-19、miR-320及二者交互作用对ISR的预测价值
Table 5. Predictive performance of IL-19,miR-320 and their interaction on ISR
指标 AUC 95%CI 截断值 Z统计 约登指数 敏感度(%) 特异度(%) P IL-19 0.742 0.676~0.800 62.35 ng/L 5.190 0.392 73.53 65.70 < 0.001* miR-320 0.768 0.705~0.824 1.98 5.656 0.449 61.76 83.14 < 0.001* IL-19+miR-320 0.882 0.830~0.922 0.376# 11.778 0.614 79.41 81.98 < 0.001* *P < 0.05;#联合预测因子为Logistic回归模型生成的预测概率,其截断值为0.376。 -
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