Relationship between Infant Sleep and Cognitive Development
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摘要:
目的 探索6~35月龄有睡眠问题的婴幼儿睡眠状况与认知发育的关系。 方法 选取2023年10月至2025年3月于昆明市儿童医院儿保科因睡眠问题就诊的6~35月龄婴幼儿290例为研究对象,男154例,女136例,分别采用简明婴幼儿睡眠问卷(brief infant sleep questionnaire,BISQ)和格里菲斯Griffiths发育评估量表中文版(Griffiths development scales-Chinese language edition,GDS-C)评估睡眠状况和认知发育水平。采用线性回归分析,探讨两者的关系。 结果 夜间睡眠时长及夜醒次数与运动、个人-社会能区发育存在关联(P均 < 0.05)。线性回归分析发现,夜间睡眠时长 > 9 h有利于运动能区发育(P均 < 0.05),夜醒次数不利于运动(P均 < 0.05)、个人-社会能区发育,夜醒次数与运动、个人-社会能区发育成负相关关系。 结论 睡眠不足和夜醒与6~35月龄婴幼儿认知发育水平密切相关,因此睡眠养育指导和干预有望成为促进儿童早期发展的手段。 Abstract:Objective To explore the relationship between sleep patterns and cognitive development in children aged 6-35 months with sleep problems. Methods A total of 290 children (154 boys, 136 girls) aged 6~35 months with sleep problems, who presented to the Department of Child Health Care at Kunming Children’s Hospital between October 2023 and March 2025, were selected as the study subjects. Their sleep patterns and cognitive development levels were assessed using the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) and the Griffiths Development Scales-Chinese Language Edition (GDS-C), respectively. Linear regression analysis were employed to investigate the relationship between sleep and cognitive development. Results Both nighttime sleep duration and the frequency of nighttime awakenings were associated with development in the motor and personal-social domains (all P < 0.05). Linear regression analysis identified that a nighttime sleep duration of > 9 hours was beneficial for motor developmen (all P < 0.05). In contrast, the frequency of nighttime awakenings was negatively associated with both motor and personal-social development, showing adverse effects on these domains (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Sleep deprivation and nighttime awakenings are closely related to cognitive developmental levels in children aged 6-35 months. Therefore, sleep-related parenting guidance and intervention may serve as an effective approach to promote early childhood development. -
Key words:
- Infants /
- Sleep /
- Cognitive development
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表 1 婴幼儿认知发育的基线特征资料[n(%)](1)
Table 1. Baseline characteristic data of infants cognitive development[n(%)](1)
项目 运动 个人-社会 语言 Q1 Q2 Q3 H P Q1 Q2 Q3 H P Q1 Q2 Q3 H P 性别 0.019 0.890 8.635 0.003* 7.390 0.007* 男 140(90.9) 7(4.5) 7(4.5) 135(87.7) 11(7.1) 8(5.2) 126(81.8) 11(7.1) 17(11) 女 124(91.2) 9(6.6) 3(2.2) 132(97.1) 2(1.5) 2(1.5) 126(92.6) 4(2.9) 6(4.4) 出生体重(g) 1.043 0.593 0.444 0.801 0.244 0.885 < 2500 11(84.6) 2(15.4) 0(0) 12(92.3) 1(7.7) 0(0) 11(84.6) 0(0) 2(15.4) 2500 ~4000 248(91.2) 14(5.1) 10(3.7) 250(91.9) 12(4.4) 10(3.7) 237(87.1) 14(5.1) 21(7.7) > 4000 5(100) 0(0) 0(0) 5(100) 0(0) 0(0) 4(80) 1(20) 0(0) 母怀孕年龄(岁) 2.392 0.302 3.755 0.153 1.343 0.511 ≤25 33(84.6) 5(12.8) 1(2.6) 33(84.6) 4(10.3) 2(5.1) 34(87.2) 1(2.6) 4(10.3) 26 < y≤35 205(92.3) 11(5) 6(2.7) 208(93.7) 6(2.7) 8(3.6) 195(87.8) 10(4.5) 17(7.7) > 36 26(89.7) 0(0) 3(10.3) 26(89.7) 3(10.3) 0(0) 23(79.3) 4(13.8) 2(6.9) 胎次
第1胎
191(90.1)
14(6.6)
7(3.3)0.769 0.381
195(92)
8(3.8)
9(4.2)0.024 0.878
186(87.7)
9(4.2)
17(8)0.398 0.528 第2胎及以上 73(93.6) 2(2.6) 3(3.8) 72(92.3) 5(6.4) 1(1.3) 66(84.6) 6(7.7) 6(7.7) 分娩方式
顺产
173(91.5)
10(5.3)
6(3.2)0.170 0.680
175(92.6)
7(3.7)
7(3.7)0.174 0.676
167(88.4)
7(3.7)
15(7.9)0.857 0.355 剖腹产 91(90.1) 6(5.9) 4(4) 92(91.1) 6(5.9) 3(3) 85(84.2) 8(7.9) 8(7.9) 前4个月喂养方式 6.259 0.044* 1.588 0.452 1.173 0.556 纯母乳喂养 169(93.4) 8(4.4) 4(2.2) 168(92.8) 7(3.9) 6(3.3) 158(87.3) 11(6.1) 12(6.6) 纯人工喂养 24(96) 0(0) 1(4) 24(96) 1(4) 0(0) 23(92) 1(4) 1(4) 混合喂养 71(84.5) 8(9.5) 5(6) 75(89.3) 5(6) 4(4.8) 71(84.5) 3(3.6) 10(11.9) 母亲学历 1.673 0.433 7.096 0.029* 1.739 0.419 大专以下 71(93.4) 4(5.3) 1(1.3) 65(85.5) 6(7.9) 5(6.6) 63(82.9) 4(5.3) 9(11.8) 大专及本科 172(89.6) 11(5.7) 9(4.7) 180(93.8) 7(3.6) 5(2.6) 170(88.5) 11(5.7) 11(5.7) 硕士及以上 21(95.5) 1(4.5) 0(0) 22(100) 0(0) 0(0) 19(86.4) 0(0) 3(13.6) 父亲学历 1.576 0.455 5.776 0.056 1.448 0.485 大专以下 73(89) 8(9.8) 1(1.2) 71(86.6) 6(7.3) 5(6.1) 72(87.8) 2(2.4) 8(9.8) 大专及本科 173(92.5) 7(3.7) 7(3.7) 175(93.6) 7(3.7) 5(2.7) 160(85.6) 13(7) 14(7.5) 硕士及以上 18(85.7) 1(4.8) 2(9.5) 21(100) 0(0) 0(0) 20(95.2) 0(0) 1(4.8) 家庭结构
核心家庭
78(90.7)
5(5.8)
3(3.5)0.019 0.891
75(87.2)
6(7)
5(5.8)4.229 0.040*
68(79.1)
8(9.3)
10(11.6)7.030 0.008* 含有祖辈的大家庭 186(91.2) 11(5.4) 7(3.4) 192(94.1) 7(3.4) 5(2.5) 184(90.2) 7(3.4) 13(6.4) 表 1 婴幼儿认知发育的基线特征资料[n(%)](2)
Table 1. Baseline characteristic data of infants cognitive development[n(%)](2)
项目 手眼协调 表现 Q1 Q2 Q3 H P Q1 Q2 Q3 H P 性别
0.933
0.334
0.041
0.840男 149(96.8) 3(1.9) 2(1.3) 144(93.5) 6(3.9) 4(2.6) 女 134(98.5) 0(0) 2(1.5) 128(94.1) 4(2.9) 4(2.9) 出生体重(g)
1.754
0.416
0.398
0.820< 2500 12(92.3) 0(0) 1(7.7) 12(92.3) 0(0) 1(7.7) 2500 ~4000 266(97.8) 3(1.1) 3(1.1) 255(93.8) 10(3.7) 7(2.6) > 4000 5(100) 0(0) 0(0) 5(100) 0(0) 0(0) 母亲怀孕年龄(岁)
1.772
0.412
1.398
0.497≤25 37(94.9) 0(0) 2(5.1) 36(92.3) 0(0) 3(7.7) 26 < y≤35 218(98.2) 3(1.4) 1(0.5) 210(94.6) 9(4.1) 3(1.4) > 36 28(96.6) 0(0) 1(3.4) 26(89.7) 1(3.4) 2(6.9) 胎次
第1胎
207(97.6)
3(1.4)
2(0.9)0.014 0.905
200(94.3)
8(3.8)
4(1.9)0.462 0.497 第2胎及以上 76(97.4) 0(0) 2(2.6) 72(92.3) 2(2.6) 4(5.1) 分娩方式
顺产
185(97.9)
2(1.1)
2(1.1)0.208 0.648
178(94.2)
6(3.2)
5(2.6)0.136 0.712 剖腹产 98(97) 1(1) 2(2) 94(93.1) 4(4) 3(3) 前4个月喂养方式 0.920 0.631 5.008 0.082 纯母乳喂养 176(97.2) 2(1.1) 3(1.7) 166(91.7) 9(5) 6(3.3) 纯人工喂养 24(96) 0(0) 1(4) 23(92) 1(4) 1(4) 混合喂养 83(98.8) 1(1.2) 0(0) 83(98.8) 0(0) 1(1.2) 母亲学历 0.588 0.745 3.344 0.188 大专以下 74(97.4) 0(0) 2(2.6) 68(89.5) 4(5.3) 4(5.3) 大专及本科 187(97.4) 3(1.6) 2(1) 183(95.3) 5(2.6) 4(2.1) 硕士及以上 22(100) 0(0) 0(0) 21(95.5) 1(4.5) 0(0) 父亲学历 0.567 0.753 1.549 0.461 大专以下 80(97.6) 0(0) 2(2.4) 77(93.9) 2(2.4) 3(3.7) 大专及本科 182(97.3) 3(1.6) 2(1.1) 174(93) 8(4.3) 5(2.7) 硕士及以上 21(100) 0(0) 0(0) 21(100) 0(0) 0(0) 家庭结构
核心家庭
83(96.5)
1(1.2)
2(2.3)0.504 0.478
76(88.4)
5(5.8)
5(5.8)5.641 0.018* 含有祖辈的大家庭 200(98) 2(1) 2(1) 196(96.1) 5(2.5) 3(1.5) *P < 0.05。 表 2 婴幼儿睡眠与认知发育的单因素分析[n(%)](1)
Table 2. Univariate analysis of cognitive development in infants[n(%)](1)
项目 运动 个人-社会 语言 Q1 Q2 Q3 H P Q1 Q2 Q3 H P Q1 Q2 Q3 H P 白天睡眠时长(h)
0.545
0.761
0.099
0.952
5.770
0.056≤2 84(89.4) 7(7.4) 3(3.2) 86(91.5) 3(3.2) 5(5.3) 75(79.8) 9(9.6) 10(10.6) 2 < h≤3 105(91.3) 5(4.3) 5(4.3) 106(92.2) 7(6.1) 2(1.7) 104(90.4) 3(2.6) 8(7) > 3 75(92.6) 4(4.9) 2(2.5) 75(92.6) 3(3.7) 3(3.7) 73(90.1) 3(3.7) 5(6.2) 夜间睡眠时长(h)
≤9
84(87.5)
8(8.3)
4(4.2)
6.102
0.047*
83(86.5)
7(7.3)
6(6.3)
6.218
0.045*
80(83.3)
5(5.2)
11(11.5)
0.731
0.6949 < h≤10 49(83.1) 5(8.5) 5(8.5) 52(88.1) 4(6.8) 3(5.1) 49(83.1) 5(8.5) 5(8.5) > 10 131(97) 3(2.2) 1(0.7) 132(97.8) 2(1.5) 1(0.7) 133(91.7) 5(3.4) 7(4.8) 总睡眠时长(h)
≤10
46(90.2)
3(5.9)
2(3.9)
1.578
0.454
43(84.3)
4(7.8)
4(7.8)
6.005
0.050
41(80.4)
4(7.8)
6(11.8)3.616 0.164 10 < h≤12 115(89.1) 8(6.2) 6(4.7) 119(92.2) 6(4.7) 4(3.1) 111(86) 6(4.7) 12(9.3) > 12 103(93.6) 5(4.5) 2(1.8) 105(95.5) 3(2.7) 2(1.8) 100(90.9) 5(4.5) 5(4.5) 夜醒次数(次)
< 2
38(82.6)
3(6.5)
5(10.9)5.112 0.024*
38(82.6)
4(8.7)
4(8.7)6.738 0.009*
37(80.4)
5(10.9)
4(8.7)1.712 0.191 ≥2 225(92.6) 13(5.3) 5(2.1) 228(93.8) 9(3.7) 6(2.5) 214(88.1) 10(4.1) 19(7.8) 夜醒时间(h)
≤0.5
178(89.4)
13(6.5)
8(4)1.938 0.164
179(89.9)
12(6)
8(4)3.780 0.052
170(85.4)
14(7)
15(7.5)0.936 0.333 > 0.5 86(94.5) 3(3.3) 2(2.2) 88(96.7) 1(1.1) 2(2.2) 82(90.1) 1(1.1) 8(8.8) 入睡潜伏期(min)
≤20
84(90.3)
8(8.6)
1(1.1)0.038 0.846
86(92.5)
4(4.3)
3(3.2)0.031 0.860
79(84.9)
6(6.5)
8(8.6)0.423 0.515 > 20 180(91.4) 8(4.1) 9(4.6) 181(91.9) 9(4.6) 7(3.6) 173(87.8) 9(4.6) 15(7.6) 表 2 婴幼儿睡眠与认知发育的单因素分析[n(%)](2)
Table 2. Univariate analysis of cognitive development in infants[n(%)](2)
项目 手眼协调 表现 Q1 Q2 Q3 H P Q1 Q2 Q3 H P 白天睡眠时长(h)
0.727
0.695
0.449
0.799≤2 91(96.8) 1(1.1) 2(2.1) 88(93.6) 2(2.1) 4(4.3) 2 < h≤3 112(97.4) 2(1.7) 1(0.9) 109(94.8) 5(4.3) 1(0.9) > 3 80(98.8) 0(0) 1(1.2) 75(92.6) 3(3.7) 3(3.7) 夜间睡眠时长(h)
≤9
92(95.8)
1(1)
3(3.1)
5.641
0.060
88(91.7)
5(5.2)
3(3.1)
4.601
0.1009 < h≤10 57(96.6) 1(1.7) 1(1.7) 52(88.1) 3(5.1) 4(6.8) > 10 134(99.3) 1(0.7) 0(0) 132(97.8) 2(1.5) 1(0.7) 总睡眠时长(h)
≤10
48(94.1)
1(2)
2(3.9)
5.580
0.061
46(90.2)
3(5.9)
2(3.9)
1.349
0.50910 < h≤12 125(96.9) 2(1.6) 2(1.6) 122(94.6) 3(2.3) 4(3.1) > 12 110(100) 0(0) 0(0) 104(94.5) 4(3.6) 2(1.8) 夜醒次数(次)
< 2
44(95.7)
0(0)
2(4.3)
0.896
0.344
41(89.1)
2(4.3)
3(6.5)
2.101
0.147≥2 238(97.9) 3(1.2) 2(0.8) 230(94.7) 8(3.3) 5(2.1) 夜醒时间(h)
≤0.5
192(96.5)
3(1.5)
4(2)
3.268
0.071
186(93.5)
5(2.5)
8(4)
0.169
0.681> 0.5 91(100) 0(0) 0(0) 86(94.5) 5(5.5) 0(0) 入睡潜伏期(min)
≤20
92(98.9)
1(1.1)
0(0)
1.061
0.303
89(95.7)
2(2.2)
2(2.2)
0.837
0.360> 20 191(97) 2(1) 4(2) 183(92.9) 8(4.1) 6(3) *P < 0.05。 表 3 婴幼儿运动能区发育的线性回归分析
Table 3. Linear regression analysis of the motor domain development in infants
变量 未标准化系数 标准化系数 t P 95%CI B Sb β 夜间睡眠时长(h)
≤9(参考)9 < h≤10 6.176 2.585 0.156 2.389 0.018* 1.087 ~11.265 > 10 4.780 2.336 0.133 2.046 0.042* 0.182 ~ 9.378 夜醒次数 −5.767 2.766 −0.122 −2.085 0.038* −11.212 ~ −0.322 表 4 婴幼儿个人-社会能区发育的线性回归分析
Table 4. Linear regression analysis of the personal-social domain development in infants
变量 未标准化系数 标准化系数 t P 95%CI B Sb β 夜间睡眠时长(h)
≤9(参考)9 < h≤10 1.367 2.837 0.032 0.482 0.630 −4.218 ~ 6.951 > 10 2.577 2.564 0.066 1.005 0.316 −2.468 ~ 7.623 夜醒次数 −6.001 3.007 −0.117 −1.996 0.047* −11.920 ~ −0.083 *P < 0.05。 -
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