Body Composition Differences and Influencing Factors in Early Pregnancy between Naxi and Han Ethnic Groups
-
摘要:
目的 比较纳西族、汉族孕早期孕妇体成分差异及膳食摄入情况,并分析体成分的影响因素。 方法 采用横断面研究,以2024年8月至12月在丽江市妇女儿童医院接受检查的汉族、纳西族孕早期孕妇271例作为研究对象,分析两个民族孕早期孕妇体成分、膳食摄入情况差异,并使用多重线性回归分析体成分主要指标的影响因素。 结果 纳西族孕妇孕前体重、孕前BMI高于汉族孕妇,差异有统计学意义(Z = -3.024、Z = -2.984,P < 0.05);纳西族孕早期孕妇体脂百分比、基础代谢率、总体水、细胞内液、细胞外液、体脂肪、去脂体重、肌肉重均高于汉族孕早期孕妇,差异有统计学意义(Z = -3.123、Z = -3.161、Z = -2.623、Z = -2.078、Z = -2.569、Z = -3.454、Z = -2.645、Z = -2.624,P < 0.05);纳西族孕早期孕妇谷薯类平均摄入量高于汉族孕早期孕妇,蔬菜类平均摄入量低于汉族孕早期孕妇,差异有统计学意义(Z = -2.164、Z = -2.289,P < 0.05);多重线性回归分析显示,孕前BMI是体脂百分比(B = 1.237)、基础代谢率(B = 24.088)、总体水(B = 0.688)、去脂体重(B = 0.803)、肌肉重(B = 0.882)的主要影响因素;谷薯类、鱼禽肉蛋类食物摄入量是基础代谢率(B = 0.085、B = 0.172)、去脂体重(B = 0.004、B = 0.008)、肌肉质量(B = 0.004、B = 0.011)及总体水(B = 0.003、B = 0.008)的影响因素。 结论 孕前BMI是纳西族、汉族孕早期孕妇体成分的主要影响因素,谷薯类、鱼禽肉蛋类食物摄入量对基础代谢率、去脂体重、肌肉重及总体水具有显著的促进作用。 Abstract:Objective To compare body composition differences and dietary intake between Naxi and Han pregnant women in early pregnancy, and analyze the influencing factors of body composition. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 271 Han and Naxi pregnant women in early pregnancy who received examinations at Lijiang Women and Children's Hospital from August to December 2024. The differences in body composition and dietary intake between the two ethnic groups were analyzed, and multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the influencing factors of body composition indices. Results Pre-pregnancy weight and pre-pregnancy BMI of Naxi pregnant women were significantly higher than those of Han pregnant women (Z = -3.024、Z = -2.984, P < 0.05). Body fat percentage, basal metabolic rate, total body water, intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid, body fat mass, lean body mass, and muscle mass of Naxi pregnant women in early pregnancy were all significantly higher than those of Han pregnant women in early pregnancy (Z = -3.123、Z = -3.161、Z = -2.623、Z = -2.078、Z = -2.569、Z = -3.454、Z = -2.645、Z = -2.624, P < 0.05). Average intake of cereals and tubers was significantly higher in Naxi pregnant women in early pregnancy than in Han pregnant women, while average vegetable intake was significantly lower (Z = -2.164、Z = -2.289, P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that pre-pregnancy BMI was the main influencing factor for body fat percentage (B = 1.237), basal metabolic rate (B = 24.088), total body water (B = 0.688), lean body mass (B = 0.803), and muscle mass (B = 0.882). Intake of cereals, tubers, fish, poultry, meat, and eggs was influencing factors for basal metabolic rate (B = 0.085, B = 0.172), lean body mass (B = 0.004, B = 0.008), muscle mass (B = 0.004, B = 0.011), and total body water (B = 0.003, B = 0.008). Conclusion Pre-pregnancy BMI is the main influencing factor for body composition in both Naxi and Han pregnant women in early pregnancy. Intake of cereals, tubers, fish, poultry, meat, and eggs has a significant promoting effect on basal metabolic rate, lean body mass, muscle mass, and total body water. -
Key words:
- Body composition /
- Naxi ethnic group /
- Early pregnancy /
- Pregnant woman
-
表 1 汉族、纳西族孕早期孕妇基线情况比较[n(%)/M(P25,P75)]
Table 1. Comparison of baseline characteristics among Han and Naxi Ethnic Groups in early pregnancy[n(%)/M(P25,P75)]
变量 汉族(n = 136) 纳西族(n = 135) Z/χ2 P 年龄(岁) 29.00(26.00,33.25) 30.00 (28.00,33.00) −1.916 0.055 身高(cm) 160.00 (158.00,163.00) 160.00 (157.50,165.00) −0.747 0.455 孕前体重(kg) 55.00 (50.00,60.00) 60.00 (52.00,66.00) −3.024 0.002* 孕前BMI(kg/m2) 21.66 (19.49,23.06) 22.89 (20.31,24.36) −2.984 0.003* 怀孕次数(次) 0.586 0.746 1 54 (39.71) 56 (41.48) 2 44 (32.35) 38 (28.15) ≥3 38 (27.94) 41 (30.37) 有无分娩史 0.100 0.752 无 77 (56.62) 79 (58.52) 有 59 (43.38) 56 (41.48) 检测体重(kg) 56.30 (50.88,61.08) 59.90 (53.20,67.40) −3.396 0.001* *P < 0.05。 表 2 汉族、纳西族孕早期孕妇体成分差异比较[M(P25,P75)]
Table 2. Comparison of body composition differences in early pregnancy among Han and Naxi Ethnic Groups[M(P25,P75)]
变量 汉族(n = 136) 纳西族(n = 135) Z P 体脂百分比(%) 27.81 (23.00,31.36) 29.98 (26.22,32.97) −3.123 0.002* 基础代谢率(kcal/d) 1287.38 (1227.23 ,1342.34 )1325.45 (1247.62 ,1408.62 )−3.161 0.002* 总体水含量(kg) 28.73 (26.43,30.64) 29.83 (27.11,33.11) −2.623 0.009* 细胞内液(kg) 16.38 (15.17,17.62) 16.92 (15.39,19.06) −2.078 0.038* 细胞外液(kg) 12.40 (11.26,13.43) 12.84 (11.70,14.15) −2.569 0.010* 体脂肪(kg) 15.52 (11.88,19.15) 18.33 (14.03,21.63) −3.454 0.001* 去脂体重(kg) 40.40 (38.05,43.49) 41.80 (38.58,45.59) −2.645 0.008* 肌肉重(kg) 36.83 (33.89,39.29) 38.25 (34.76,42.45) −2.624 0.009* *P < 0.05。 表 3 汉族、纳西族孕早期孕妇膳食能量摄入情况比较[n(%)/M(P25,P75)]
Table 3. Comparison of dietary energy intake among Han and Naxi Ethnic Groups in early pregnancy[n(%)/M(P25,P75)]
变量 汉族(n = 136) 纳西族(n = 135) Z P 能量(kcal/d) 1411.72 (1092.97 ,1693.23 )1424.07 (1158.13 ,1715.36 )−0.957 0.339 蛋白质(g/d) 42.15 (33.75,52.17) 43.86 (34.92,52.24) −1.364 0.172 脂肪(g/d) 36.11 (24.93,48.67) 38.43 (29.63,48.80) −1.463 0.144 碳水化合物(g/d) 224.98 (179.40,287.41) 235.81 (189.50,283.97) −0.727 0.467 膳食纤维(g/d) 14.46 (10.73,17.89) 15.12 (11.07,17.94) −0.725 0.469 早餐能量(kcal/d) 235.05 (108.00,393.12) 302.68 (223.00,391.72) −2.512 0.012* 午餐能量(kcal/d) 440.28 (320.77,545.19) 477.20 (342.16,634.72) −1.721 0.085 晚餐能量(kcal/d) 415.86 (301.29,519.33) 415.86 (297.88,512.92) −0.054 0.957 是否加餐 1.609 0.205 是 130 (95.59) 124 (91.85) 否 6 (4.41) 11 (8.15) 加餐能量(kcal/d) 218.01 (119.70,296.36) 207.53 (119.92,269.36) −0.542 0.588 谷薯类(g/d) 260.12 (199.58,332.95) 277.28 (213.86,363.86) −2.164 0.030 蔬菜类(g/d) 79.30 (40.00,140.00) 50.00 (40.00,90.00) −2.289 0.022 水果类(g/d) 320.22 (200.00,462.50) 300.00 (175.00,400.00) −1.660 0.097 鱼禽肉蛋(g/d) 80.00 (40.00,126.25) 91.45 (48.86,130.00) −1.083 0.279 奶及奶制品(g/d) 0.00 (0.00,200.00) 0.00 (0.00,125.00) −0.396 0.692 豆及坚果(g/d) 0.00 (0.00,7.84) 0.00 (0.00,7.84) −0.229 0.819 油脂(g/d) 20.00 (10.00,20.16) 20.00 (20.00,30.00) −1.730 0.084 *P < 0.05。 表 4 膳食摄入种类与体成分相关性分析
Table 4. Correlation analysis between dietary intake categories and body composition
膳食摄入种类 相关系数 体脂百分比 基础代谢率 总体水 去脂体重 肌肉重 谷薯类 r 0.194 0.227 0.206 0.217 0.205 蔬菜类 r 0.016 −0.007 −0.029 −0.027 −0.029 水果类 r −0.077 −0.084 −0.083 −0.064 −0.083 鱼禽肉蛋 r 0.048 0.119 0.165 0.149 0.165 奶及奶制品 r 0.149 0.130 0.089 0.096 0.089 豆及坚果 r −0.038 −0.019 0.054 0.021 0.055 油脂 r 0.024 0.041 0.056 0.053 0.056 表 5 主要体成分与膳食摄入的多重线性回归分析
Table 5. Multiple linear regression analysis of major body components and dietary intake
因变量 变量 未标准化系数 t P VIF B SE 体脂百分比 年龄(岁) 0.005 0.053 0.101 0.920 1.178 孕前BMI(kg/m2) 1.237 0.059 21.022 <0.001* 1.126 怀孕2次(vs1次) −0.887 0.630 −1.407 0.161 1.936 怀孕3次及以上(vs1次) −0.553 0.711 −0.778 0.437 2.412 纳西族(vs汉族) 0.982 0.426 2.305 0.022 1.049 有分娩史(vs无) −0.191 0.632 −0.302 0.763 2.256 加餐(vs不加餐) 0.525 0.893 0.588 0.557 1.084 谷薯类(g/d) 0.002 0.002 1.153 0.250 1.082 奶及奶制品(g/d) 0.002 0.002 0.789 0.431 1.059 基础代谢率 年龄(岁) −3.513 1.000 −3.512 0.001* 1.200 孕前BMI(kg/m2) 24.088 1.109 21.718 <0.001* 1.127 怀孕2次(vs1次) −26.987 11.898 −2.268 0.024* 1.944 怀孕3次及以上(vs1次) −6.568 13.460 −0.488 0.626 2.434 纳西族(vs汉族) 14.376 8.049 1.786 0.075 1.054 有分娩史(vs无) 3.407 11.914 0.286 0.775 2.256 加餐(vs不加餐) −2.626 16.919 −0.155 0.877 1.095 谷薯类(g/d) 0.085 0.035 2.436 0.016* 1.083 鱼禽肉蛋(g/d) 0.172 0.062 2.754 0.006* 1.114 奶及奶制品(g/d) 0.004 0.041 0.102 0.919 1.090 总体水 年龄(岁) −0.002 0.043 −0.055 0.956 1.199 孕前BMI(kg/m2) 0.688 0.047 14.496 <0.001* 1.102 怀孕2次(vs1次) −0.597 0.515 −1.161 0.247 1.942 怀孕3次及以上(vs1次) 0.240 0.582 0.413 0.680 2.434 纳西族(vs汉族) 0.292 0.347 0.839 0.402 1.049 有分娩史(vs无) 0.026 0.512 0.051 0.959 2.227 加餐(vs不加餐) −0.436 0.728 −0.598 0.550 1.084 谷薯类(g/d) 0.003 0.002 2.161 0.032* 1.082 鱼禽肉蛋(g/d) 0.008 0.003 3.094 0.002* 1.082 去脂体重 年龄(岁) −0.033 0.052 −0.632 0.528 1.199 孕前BMI(kg/m2) 0.803 0.057 14.034 <0.001* 1.102 怀孕2次(vs1次) −1.027 0.620 −1.656 0.099 1.942 怀孕3次及以上(vs1次) 0.003 0.702 0.004 0.997 2.434 纳西族(vs汉族) 0.426 0.419 1.017 0.310 1.049 有分娩史(vs无) 0.147 0.618 0.238 0.812 2.227 加餐(vs不加餐) −0.342 0.878 −0.390 0.697 1.084 谷薯类(g/d) 0.004 0.002 2.233 0.026* 1.082 鱼禽肉蛋(g/d) 0.008 0.003 2.567 0.011* 1.082 肌肉重 年龄(岁) −0.003 0.055 −0.054 0.957 1.199 孕前BMI(kg/m2) 0.882 0.061 14.495 <0.001* 1.102 怀孕2次(vs1次) −0.765 0.660 −1.160 0.247 1.942 怀孕3次及以上(vs1次) 0.308 0.747 0.413 0.680 2.434 纳西族(vs汉族) 0.373 0.446 0.837 0.403 1.049 有分娩史(vs无) 0.034 0.657 0.052 0.959 2.227 加餐(vs不加餐) −0.558 0.934 −0.598 0.551 1.084 谷薯类(g/d) 0.004 0.002 2.158 0.032* 1.082 鱼禽肉蛋(g/d) 0.011 0.003 3.096 0.002* 1.082 *P < 0.05。 -
[1] Catalano P M, Shankar K. Obesity and pregnancy: Mechanisms of short term and long term adverse consequences for mother and child[J]. BMJ, 2017, 356: j1. doi: 10.1136/bmj.j1 [2] Santos S, Voerman E, Amiano P, et al. Impact of maternal body mass index and gestational weight gain on pregnancy complications: An individual participant data meta-analysis of European, North American and Australian cohorts[J]. BJOG, 2019, 126(8): 984-995. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.15661 [3] 廖婵婵, 徐海霞, 张红萍. 体成分分析指导膳食结构调整对妊娠期糖尿病病人血糖、血脂、体质量增长和妊娠结局的影响[J]. 肠外与肠内营养, 2025, 32(1): 42-47+53. [4] Ukah U V, Bayrampour H, Sabr Y, et al. Association between gestational weight gain and severe adverse birth outcomes in Washington State, US: A population-based retrospective cohort study, 2004-2013[J]. PLoS Med, 2019, 16(12): e1003009. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003009 [5] Luo X, Gao J, He Z, et al. What is an appropriate gestational weight gain for women with gestational diabetes mellitus: Based on the adverse pregnancy outcomes of over 12 thousand participants?[J]. Diabetol Metab Syndr, 2022, 14(1): 166. doi: 10.1186/s13098-022-00940-8 [6] Cochrane A L K, Murphy M P, Ozanne S E, et al. Pregnancy in obese women and mechanisms of increased cardiovascular risk in offspring[J]. Eur Heart J, 2024, 45(48): 5127-5145. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae671 [7] 刘杨. 中共中央 国务院印发《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》_中央有关文件_中国政府网[EB/OL]. [2025-08-14]. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2016-10/25/content_5124174.htm. [8] 钱序, 蒋泓. 新时期妇幼健康发展的机遇和挑战[J]. 上海预防医学, 2020, 32(7): 527-530. [9] Açar Y, Köksal E. Anthropometric measurements and laboratory methods for pregnancy: An update review to evaluation of body composition[J]. Curr Nutr Rep, 2025, 14(1): 13. doi: 10.1007/s13668-024-00597-x [10] 吴燕, 朱燕飞, 吕美丹, 等. 妊娠期糖尿病患者孕期体成分分析[J]. 中国妇幼保健, 2021, 36(4): 748-750. doi: 10.19829/j.zgfybj.issn.1001-4411.2022.14.003 [11] 梁敬, 赖建强, 滕越, 等. 北京市超重肥胖孕妇孕早期体成分及体力活动水平现况分析[J]. 中国公共卫生, 2025, 41(3): 298-302. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1145583 [12] 舒文博, 陈梦池, 黄丽仟, 等. 汉族、壮族女大学生体成分与基础代谢率的相关性分析[J]. 广西医科大学学报, 2020, 37(9): 1704-1709. doi: 10.16190/j.cnki.45-1211/r.2020.09.022 [13] 周璇, 玉洪荣, 李炎, 等. 广西少数民族成年女性体成分的差异及年龄变化规律[J]. 人类学学报, 2017, 36(2): 260-267. doi: 10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2017.0034 [14] 高雯芳, 张兴华, 郑连斌, 等. 中国孟高棉语族未识别民族的体成分研究[J]. 天津师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 42(6): 62-67. [15] Wang Z, Mashford-Pringle A. Nutritional challenges and dietary practices of ethnic minority (indigenous) groups in China: A critical appraisal[J]. Front Sustain Food Syst, 2022, 6: 867848. doi: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.867848 [16] Hill A M, Nunnery D L, Ammerman A, et al. Racial/ethnic differences in diet quality and eating habits among WIC pregnant women: Implications for policy and practice[J]. Am J Health Promot, 2020, 34(2): 169-176. doi: 10.1177/0890117119883584 [17] Parker H W, Tovar A, McCurdy K, et al. Socio-economic and racial prenatal diet quality disparities in a national US sample[J]. Public Health Nutr, 2020, 23(5): 894-903. doi: 10.1017/S1368980019003240 [18] 向小雪, 宇克莉, 张兴华. 云南纳西族与普米族成人体成分分析[J]. 天津师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, 40(5): 75-80. [19] 赵江, 刘志涛, 汤钦岚, 等. 2016年云南省贡山县怒族居民食物与营养素摄入状况分析[J]. 昆明医科大学学报, 2019, 40(6): 66-70. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-4706.2019.06.014 [20] 庞欣欣, 白丹, 蔡聪捷, 等. 孕期奶类摄入与新生儿出生体质量关系的前瞻性研究[J]. 四川大学学报(医学版), 2020, 51(5): 680-684. doi: 10.12182/20200960105 [21] 肖霞, 宋肖肖, 栗慧芳, 等. 云南农村母亲孕中、晚期膳食平衡指数与婴儿神经心理发育的关系[J]. 营养学报, 2025, 47(2): 132-140. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0512-7955.2025.02.007 [22] 妥小青, 彭雅娇, 李文静, 等. 不同孕期妇女膳食营养状况调查及体成分测定分析[J]. 中国优生与遗传杂志, 2023, 31(9): 1935-1939. doi: 10.13404/j.cnki.cjbhh.2023.09.031 [23] 胡漫丽, 秦蕊, 林小芳, 等. 2015—2016年中国五城市哺乳期妇女膳食状况[J]. 卫生研究, 2019, 48(2): 220-225. doi: 10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2019.02.006 [24] Chia A R, Chen L W, Lai J S, et al. Maternal dietary patterns and birth outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Adv Nutr, 2019, 10(4): 685-695. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmy123 [25] Abdollahi S, Soltani S, de Souza R J, et al. Associations between maternal dietary patterns and perinatal outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies[J]. Adv Nutr, 2021, 12(4): 1332-1352. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmaa156 [26] Kamenju P, Madzorera I, Hertzmark E, et al. Higher dietary intake of animal protein foods in pregnancy is associated with lower risk of adverse birth outcomes[J]. J Nutr, 2022, 152(11): 2546-2554. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxac183 [27] 林咏惟, 周雅琳, 赵润茏, 等. 孕早期女性铁营养状况及其影响因素分析[J]. 北京大学学报(医学版), 2023, 55(4): 600-605. [28] Li X, Xu D, Zhang L, et al. Correlation of body composition in early pregnancy on gestational diabetes mellitus under different body weights before pregnancy[J]. Front Endocrinol, 2022, 13: 916883. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.916883 [29] Yong H Y, Mohd Shariff Z, Mohd Yusof B N, et al. Pre-pregnancy BMI influences the association of dietary quality and gestational weight gain: The SECOST study[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2019, 16(19): 3735. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16193735 [30] Sun Y, Shen Z, Zhan Y, et al. Effects of pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on maternal and infant complications[J]. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 2020, 20(1): 390. doi: 10.1186/s12884-020-03071-y [31] 张婷婷, 史永萍, 杨洁. 孕早期空腹血糖、体成分指标与妊娠期糖尿病的相关性研究[J]. 川北医学院学报, 2025, 40(5): 655-658. [32] 徐丽丽, 郑薇, 袁仙仙, 等. 孕前正常BMI孕妇孕早期体成分与妊娠期糖尿病关系的研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2024, 27(29): 3602-3607+3615. doi: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0023 [33] Li Y, Zhao B, Tian Y, et al. Association between body composition in early pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus[J]. Front Nutr, 2025, 12: 1565986. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1565986 [34] Garrido-Miguel M, Mesas A E, Fernández-Rodríguez R, et al. The role of protein intake in the relationship between egg consumption and body composition in young adults. A mediation analysis[J]. Clin Nutr, 2022, 41(10): 2356-2363. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.08.030 [35] Liu J, Qin Z, Xi Z, et al. Effect of dietary patterns on maternal body composition and bone mineral density during three trimesters in Chinese pregnant women: A cross-sectional study[J]. Nutrients, 2025, 17(12): 2021. doi: 10.3390/nu17122021 [36] 国家卫生健康委等.关于印发“体重管理年”活动实施方案的通知: 国卫医急发〔2024〕21号[A].2024. [37] 沈会敏, 翟芬, 马玲. 孕前超重/肥胖孕妇孕期体重变化与子代出生体重关系[J]. 中国计划生育学杂志, 2026, 34(2): 409-413. [38] Raju S, Cowdell F, Dyson J. Barriers and facilitators to healthy gestational weight gain amongst pregnant women from ethnic minority groups: A systematic search and narrative synthesis[J]. Midwifery, 2024, 135: 104051. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2024.104051 [39] Guo Y, Miao Q, Huang T, et al. Racial/ethnic variations in gestational weight gain: A population-based study in Ontario[J]. Can J Public Health, 2019, 110(5): 657-667. doi: 10.17269/s41997-019-00250-z [40] 武梦, 卓玛次仁, 边巴卓玛. 五十例藏族孕妇妊娠期糖尿病患者妊娠结局分析[J]. 中国生育健康杂志, 2026, 37(1): 50-53. [41] 梁博雅, 高芹, 丁晖, 等. 妊娠期糖尿病高危孕妇膳食模式与发病风险的关联性研究[J]. 中国健康教育, 2025, 41(9): 796-801. [42] Moore A P, Flynn A C, Adegboye A R A, et al. Factors influencing pregnancy and postpartum weight management in women of African and Caribbean ancestry living in high income countries: Systematic review and evidence synthesis using a behavioral change theoretical model[J]. Front Public Health, 2021, 9: 637800. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.637800 [43] 张燕, 张广意, 马嫔, 等. 妊娠期孕妇体重管理行为特征及影响因素研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2023, 58(18): 2245-2252. doi: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2023.18.010 [44] Wu Y, Zhang X, Zhao Z, et al. Influence of prepregnancy BMI and weight gain during pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes in women: A cohort study based in Yunnan, China[J]. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 2025, 25(1): 1211. doi: 10.1186/s12884-025-08374-6 [45] 颉相君, 王霞, 熊静帆, 等. 基于双能X线吸收法评估生物电阻抗法测量儿童青少年身体成分准确性研究[J]. 中国循证儿科杂志, 2024, 19(5): 348-354. [46] 欧阳一非, 李青霞, 宋晓昀, 等. 生物电阻抗法与双能X线吸收法测量成人体成分指标的比较研究[J]. 营养学报, 2022, 44(4): 395-398+403. -
下载: