Predictive Value of TILs and SLC35A2 Expression in Tumor Microenvironment for Neoadjuvant Therapy Response in Breast Cancer
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摘要:
目的 探讨乳腺癌不同分子分型患者中肿瘤微环境肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes,TILs)、溶质运载家族35成员A2(solute carrier family 35 member A2,SLC35A2)表达差异及其对新辅助治疗(NAT)应答的预测价值。 方法 选取2022年2月至2024年5月福建医科大学附属南平第一医院收治的202例拟行NAT乳腺癌患者进行前瞻性研究,其中Luminal A型13例,Luminal B型108例,人表皮生长因子受体2(human epidermal growth factor receptor 2,HER-2)过表达型39例,三阴性乳腺癌42例。根据NAT应答分为pCR组(n = 78)、非pCR组(n = 124)。比较不同分子分型及NAT应答患者肿瘤微环境TILs、SLC35A2差异性,以多因素Logistic回归分析NAT应答的影响因素,分析TILs、SLC35A2预测NAT应答的价值,分别以同时高表达(AND规则)(TILs、SLC35A2均高表达)和任一高表达(OR规则)(TILs、SLC35A2两者其一高表达)的方法分析TILs联合SLC35A2预测NAT应答的价值。 结果 不同分子分型中,HER-2过表达型(61.54%)和三阴性乳腺癌(57.14%)的TILs高表达率均高于Luminal B型(24.07%)和Luminal A型(23.08%),差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);Luminal A型的SLC35A2高表达率(69.23%)高于三阴性乳腺癌(23.81%,P < 0.05)。非pCR组与pCR组比较:TILs高表达率(17.74% vs. 70.51%)、SLC35A2高表达率(49.19% vs. 21.79%)、分子分型、治疗方案、T分期、淋巴结转移差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。多因素Logistic回归校正混杂因素后显示,TILs高表达是NAT应答的独立保护因素(OR = 0.589,95%CI:0.467~0.744,P < 0.001),SLC35A2高表达是独立危险因素(OR = 2.737,95%CI:1.651~4.539,P < 0.001)。预测价值分析显示:两者任一高表达(OR规则)方案的敏感度为92.74%(95%CI:85.21%~97.18%),显著高于单独TILs(82.26%,校正后P = 0.0013 )和单独SLC35A2(49.19%,校正后P <0.0001 );准确度为83.66%(95%CI:77.98%~88.34%),显著高于单独TILs(77.72%,校正后P = 0.014)和单独SLC35A2(60.40%,校正后P <0.0001 )。两者同时高表达(AND规则)方案的特异度为96.15%(95%CI:90.87%~98.76%),显著高于单独TILs(70.51%)和单独SLC35A2(78.21%)(校正后均P <0.0001 )。结论 不同分子分型乳腺癌的TILs和SLC35A2表达存在显著差异,且TILs高表达与更好的NAT应答相关,而SLC35A2高表达预示较差的NAT应答,两者任一高表达(OR规则)有助于提高对NAT应答的预测价值,为临床筛选潜在获益患者提供参考。 -
关键词:
- 乳腺癌 /
- 分子分型 /
- 肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞 /
- 溶质运载家族35成员A2 /
- 新辅助治疗应答
Abstract:Objective To investigate the differences in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and solute carrier family 35 member A2 (SLC35A2) expression in the tumor microenvironment across different molecular subtypes of breast cancer and their predictive value for neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) response. Methods A prospective study was conducted on 202 breast cancer patients scheduled for NAT admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanping, Fujian Medical University from February 2022 to May 2024. The cohort consisted of 13 cases of Luminal A subtype, 108 cases of Luminal B subtype, 39 cases of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) overexpression subtype, and 42 cases of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). According to the NAT response, patients were stratified into the pathological complete response (pCR) group (n = 78) and non-pCR group (n = 124). Differences in tumor microenvironment TILs and SLC35A2 expression were compared across different molecular subtypes and NAT response status. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors influencing NAT response. The predictive value of TILs and SLC35A2 for NAT response was analyzed using both the AND rule (simultaneous high expression of both TILs and SLC35A2) and the OR rule (high expression of either TILs or SLC35A2). Results Among different molecular subtypes, high expression rates of TILs in HER-2 overexpression (61.54%) and TNBC (57.14%) were significantly higher than those in Luminal B (24.07%) and Luminal A (23.08%) subtypes (P < 0.05). The high expression rate of SLC35A2 in Luminal A (69.23%) was significantly higher than in TNBC (23.81%, P < 0.05). Compared to the pCR group, the non-pCR group showed significant differences in high expression rates of TILs(17.74% vs. 70.51%), high expression rate of SLC35A2 (49.19% vs. 21.79%), molecular subtype, treatment regimen, T stage and lymph node metastasis (all P < 0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors by multivariate logistic regression analysis, high TILs expression was an independent protective factor for NAT response (OR = 0.589, 95% CI: 0.467~0.744, P < 0.001), while high SLC35A2 expression was an independent risk factor (OR = 2.737, 95% CI: 1.651~4.539, P < 0.001). Predictive value analysis demonstrated that the OR rule (high expression of either marker) achieved a sensitivity of 92.74% (95% CI: 85.21~97.18), significantly higher than TILs alone (82.26%, adjusted P = 0.0013 ) and SLC35A2 alone (49.19%, adjusted P <0.0001 ). The accuracy was 83.66% (95% CI: 77.98~88.34), significantly higher than TILs alone (77.72%, adjusted P = 0.014) and SLC35A2 alone (60.40%, adjusted P <0.0001 ). The AND rule (simultaneous high expression of both) achieved a specificity of 96.15% (95% CI: 90.87~98.76), significantly higher than TILs alone (70.51%) and SLC35A2 alone (78.21%) (adjusted P <0.0001 for both).Conclusion TILs and SLC35A2 expression demonstrates significant differences across different molecular subtypes of breast cancer. High TILs expression is associated with superior NAT response, whereas high SLC35A2 expression predicts poor NAT response. The OR rule (high expression of either marker) enhances the predictive value for NAT response and provides valuable reference for clinical identification of patients who may benefit from NAT. -
表 1 不同分子分型患者肿瘤微环境TILs、SLC35A2差异性[n(%)]
Table 1. Differences of TILs and SLC35A2 in tumor microenvironment among patients with different molecular subtypes [n(%)]
组别 n TILs SLC35A2 低表达 高表达 低表达 高表达 Luminal A型 13 10(76.92) 3(23.08)△ 4(30.77) 9(69.23)# Luminal B型 108 82(75.93) 26(24.07)△ 63(58.33) 45(41.67) HER-2过表达型 39 15(38.46) 24(61.54) 25(64.10) 14(35.90) 三阴性乳腺癌 42 18(42.86) 24(57.14) 32(76.19) 10(23.81) χ2 25.791 9.571 P < 0.001* 0.023* 与三阴性乳腺癌相比,#P < 0.05;与HER-2过表达型、三阴性乳腺癌相比,△P < 0.05;*P < 0.05。 表 2 两组临床资料及肿瘤微环境TILs、SLC35A2差异性比较($ \bar x \pm s $)/n(%)
Table 2. Comparison of clinical data and difference of TILs and SLC35A2 in tumor microenvironment between two groups ($ \bar x \pm s $)/n (%)
资料 pCR组(n = 78) 非pCR组(n = 124) t/χ2 P 年龄(岁) 52.65 ± 6.53 54.00 ± 7.12 −1.354 0.177 BMI(kg/m2) 23.83 ± 0.74 23.79 ± 0.85 0.342 0.733 患病侧 0.238 0.626 左侧 35(44.87) 60(48.39) 右侧 43(55.13) 64(51.61) 绝经 0.328 0.567 否 34(43.59) 49(39.52) 是 44(56.41) 75(60.48) 分子分型 65.945 < 0.001* Luminal A型 7(8.97) 6(4.84) Luminal B型 21(26.92) 87(70.16) HER-2过表达型 36(46.15) 3(2.42) 三阴性乳腺癌 14(17.95) 28(22.58) 治疗方案 58.785 < 0.001* 单纯化疗 42(53.85) 121(97.58) 抗HER2靶向联合化疗 36(46.15) 3(2.42) T分期 32.025 < 0.001* T2 47(60.26) 26(20.97) T3 31(39.74) 98(79.03) 淋巴结转移 25.821 < 0.001* 否 65(83.33) 59(47.58) 是 13(16.67) 65(52.42) 组织分化程度 0.837 0.360 低分化 13(16.67) 15(12.10) 中高分化 65(83.33) 109(87.90) TILs 56.527 < 0.001* 低表达 23(29.49) 102(82.26) 高表达 55(70.51) 22(17.74) SLC35A2 15.164 < 0.001* 低表达 61(78.21) 63(50.81) 高表达 17(21.79) 61(49.19) *P < 0.05。 表 3 NAT应答的多因素Logistic回归分析的赋值表
Table 3. The assignment table of multivariate Logistic regression analysis of NAT response
变量名称 赋值说明 因变量 新辅助治疗应答 0 = pCR;1 = 非pCR 自变量 TILs表达 0 = 低表达;1 = 高表达 SLC35A2表达 0 = 低表达;1 = 高表达 分子分型 1 = LuminalA型;2 = LuminalB型;3 = Her‑2过表达型;4 = 三阴性乳腺癌 T分期 1 = T2期;2 = T3期 治疗方案 0 = 单纯化疗;1 = 抗HER2靶向联合化疗 淋巴结转移 0 = 无;1 = 有 表 4 NAT应答的多因素Logistic回归分析
Table 4. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of NAT response
影响因素 β SE Wald χ2 OR 95%CI P 下限 上限 模型1 TILs高表达 −0.508 0.126 16.255 0.602 0.470 0.770 < 0.001* SLC35A2高表达 1.036 0.340 9.285 2.817 1.447 5.487 0.002* 常数项 −0.278 0.065 18.292 − − − < 0.001* 模型2 TILs高表达 −0.529 0.119 19.761 0.589 0.467 0.744 < 0.001* SLC35A2高表达 1.007 0.258 15.234 2.737 1.651 4.539 < 0.001* 常数项 −0.256 0.052 24.237 − − − < 0.001* 模型1未校正分子分型、治疗方案、T分期、淋巴结转移,模型2校正了分子分型、T分期、淋巴结转移;*P < 0.05。 表 5 TILs、SLC35A2预测NAT应答的情况
Table 5. Prediction of NAT response by TILs and SLC35A2
NAT应答 TILs高表达 SLC35A2高表达 两者同时高表达(AND规则) 两者任一高表达(OR规则) 总计 pCR 非pCR pCR 非pCR pCR 非pCR pCR 非pCR pCR 55 23 61 17 75 3 54 24 78 非pCR 22 102 63 61 65 59 9 115 124 同时高表达(AND规则):TILs、SLC35A2均高表达;任一高表达(OR规则):TILs、SLC35A2两者其一高表达。 表 6 TILs、SLC35A2预测NAT应答的效能
Table 6. Efficacy of TILs and SLC35A2 in predicting NAT response
方案 敏感度(%) 特异度(%) 准确度(%) TILs高表达 82.26(95%CI:72.15~89.87) 70.51(95%CI:61.83~78.25) 77.72(95%CI:71.54~83.01) SLC35A2高表达 49.19(95%CI:38.01~60.45)* 78.21(95%CI:69.84~85.03) 60.40(95%CI:53.52~67.03)* 两者同时高表达(AND规则) 47.58(95%CI:36.47~58.90)* 96.15(95%CI:90.87~98.76)*# 66.34(95%CI:59.57~72.65)* 两者任一高表达(OR规则) 92.74(95%CI:85.21~97.18)*# 69.23(95%CI:60.51~77.05)* 83.66(95%CI:77.98~88.34)*# 与TILs高表达比较,*P < 0.0083 (Bonferroni校正后);与SLC35A2高表达比较,#P <0.0083 (Bonferroni校正后)。 -
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