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2026, Volume 47, Issue 1
2026,
47(1):
1-15.
doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260101
Abstract:
In recent years, the burden of chronic diseases in China has been continuously escalating with significant regional disparities. The local indigenous populations residing in the high-altitude areas of Southwest China have developed unique physiological and genetic traits due to specific geographical and multi-ethnic factors, confronting health challenges such as cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. To conduct a comprehensive analysis the disease distribution patterns and potential exposure factors among this population and to address the data gaps regarding the prevalence of non-communicable diseases （NCDs）, risk factors, and related conditions in resource-limited areas with multi-ethnic groups. This study relies on the china multi-ethnic cohort （CMEC） study has established high-altitude natural population cohorts in Lijiang （Yunnan）, Aba （Sichuan）, and Lhasa （Tibet） to systematically collect baseline data. While health outcomes were monitored through standardized follow-ups to reveal the prevalence rates and their primary risk factors of chronic diseases in high-altitude regions. To explore the impacts of dietary patterns and lifestyle on the metabolic health of plateau populations, discover novel intervention technologies and strategies for chronic diseases, and provide theoretical support for the prevention and control of chronic diseases in Southwest China and even the whole country.
In recent years, the burden of chronic diseases in China has been continuously escalating with significant regional disparities. The local indigenous populations residing in the high-altitude areas of Southwest China have developed unique physiological and genetic traits due to specific geographical and multi-ethnic factors, confronting health challenges such as cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. To conduct a comprehensive analysis the disease distribution patterns and potential exposure factors among this population and to address the data gaps regarding the prevalence of non-communicable diseases （NCDs）, risk factors, and related conditions in resource-limited areas with multi-ethnic groups. This study relies on the china multi-ethnic cohort （CMEC） study has established high-altitude natural population cohorts in Lijiang （Yunnan）, Aba （Sichuan）, and Lhasa （Tibet） to systematically collect baseline data. While health outcomes were monitored through standardized follow-ups to reveal the prevalence rates and their primary risk factors of chronic diseases in high-altitude regions. To explore the impacts of dietary patterns and lifestyle on the metabolic health of plateau populations, discover novel intervention technologies and strategies for chronic diseases, and provide theoretical support for the prevention and control of chronic diseases in Southwest China and even the whole country.
2026,
47(1):
16-22.
doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260102
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the effect of rapamycin-induced oxidative stress on thyroiditis rats. Methods A rat model of thyroiditis was constructed and rapamycin was intervened. The levels of reactive oxygen species （ROS） and glutathione （GSH） in thyroid tissue of rats were detected by colorimetry. HE staining was used to observe the pathological morphology; the expression of chemokine receptor 3 （CXCR3） and C-C chemokine receptor （CCR4） in thyroid tissue of rats was detected by PCR. The phosphorylation level of rapamycin target protein （mTOR） and the level of autophagy protein LC3-II protein in thyroid tissue of rats were detected by immunohistochemistry. Western blot was used to detect the expression of CXCR3, CCR4, Beclin-1 and LC3 protein in thyroid tissue of rats. Results Compared with the normal control group, the levels of ROS, CXCR3, CXCR3 mRNA expression and the number of p-mTOR positive cells in the thyroid tissue of the model group were increased （P < 0.05）, while the levels of GSH, CCR4, Beclin-1, LC3, CCR4 mRNA expression and the number of LC3-II positive cells were decreased （P < 0.05）. Compared with the model group, the levels of ROS, CXCR3, CXCR3 mRNA expression and the number of p-mTOR positive cells in the dexamethasone group and the rapamycin group were decreased （P < 0.05）, and the rapamycin group was lower（P < 0.05）. The levels of GSH, CCR4, Beclin-1 and LC3, the expression of CCR4 mRNA and the number of LC3-II positive cells increased （P < 0.05）, and the rapamycin group was higher （P < 0.05）. Conclusion Rapamycin can improve the level of oxidative stress, inhibit the expression of p-mTOR, increase the level of LC3-II and autophagy in rats with thyroiditis, and regulate the expression of CXCR3/CCR4 protein.
2026,
47(1):
23-30.
doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260103
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the effect of recombinant human transforming growth factor-β1 （rhTGF-β1） on osteoclast formation during orthodontic tooth movement （OTM） in rats, based on the bone morphogenetic protein 2 （BMP2）/smad family member 1（Smad1） pathway. Methods The rat OTM model was established, and the distance of OTM was measured using micro-computed tomography （Micro-CT） analysis. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase （TRAP） staining was performed to assess osteoclast activity on the pressure side. Hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining was used to evaluate histomorphological characteristics on the pressure side. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） and Western blot analysis were conducted to determine the protein expression levels of related markers. Results Compared with the normal group, the OTM distance was increased in the Model group （P < 0.01）, the periodontal ligament space was significantly narrowed with the presence of resorption lacunae, the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9） and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand （RANKL） on the pressure side was increased （P < 0.01）, the expression of osteoprotegerin （OPG） was decreased （P < 0.01）, and the BMP2/Smad1 signaling pathway was activated （P < 0.01）. The differences were statistically significant （P < 0.01）. After Noggin treatment to inhibit BMP2, compared with the Model group, the expression of BMP2 and p-Smad1 was significantly decreased （P < 0.01）, the OTM distance was significantly reduced （P < 0.01）, and the expression of TRAP, MMP-9, and RANKL on the pressure side was significantly decreased while OPG was increased （P < 0.01）. In rats treated with rhTGF-β1, compared with the Model group, the OTM distance was significantly increased （P < 0.01）, the number of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells was higher （P < 0.01）, the expression of MMP-9, and RANKL on the pressure side was significantly increased （P < 0.01）, OPG expression was significantly decreased （P < 0.01）, and the expression of BMP2 and p-Smad1 was up-regulated （P < 0.01）. Furthermore, the rhTGF-β1 + Noggin group partially reversed the increase in osteoclast number induced by rhTGF-β1 alone （P < 0.01）. Conclusion Orthodontic force can promote osteoclast formation, and rhTGF-β1 can increase osteoclast formation during OTM via the BMP2/Smad1 signaling pathway.
2026,
47(1):
31-38.
doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260104
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the effect of aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3（AKR1C3） on malignant biological behavior of breast cancer cells and its influence on the programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1 （PD-1/PD-L1） pathway. Methods MCF-7 human breast cancer cells with NC and AKR1C3 groups transfected with NC plasmid and AKR1C3 plasmid respectively. Cell viability at 24 h/48 h/72 h post-transfection was assessed by MTT assay; flow cytometry measured cell survival rate and early/late apoptosis ratios; Transwell evaluated migration and invasion capabilities; western blot detected PD-1, PD-L1, protein kinase B （AKT） protein expression. For in vivo experiments, the C57BL/6 mice were used to establish tumor-bearing models. Human breast cancer MCF-7 cells transfected with NC plasmid and AKR1C3 plasmid were used for cell tumor-bearing. The tumor volume was measured every 3 days for 21 days, draw the tumor growth curves of the two groups of mice and measure the tumor mass at the end of the experiment. Results Compared to NC groups, the AKR1C3 group showed significantly reduced cell viability （time-dependent） （P < 0.05）, suppressed migration/invasion （P < 0.05）, increased early/late apoptosis ratios （P < 0.05）, and downregulated PD-1/PD-L1/AKT protein expression （P < 0.05）. In vivo, AKR1C3 group exhibited reduced tumor volume and weight （P < 0.05）. Conclusion AKR1C3 inhibits malignant biological behaviors in breast cancer cells and suppresses PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway protein expression.
2026,
47(1):
39-46.
doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260105
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the impact of epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 （EGFL7） on angiogenesis in diabetic retinopathy, based on the Sestrin2/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） signaling pathway. Methods A diabetic retinopathy model was established in the rats. Retinal pathological morphology was examined using hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining, while retinal vascular morphology was assessed via the retinal trypsin digestion assay. The mRNA expression levels of EGFL7, Sestrin2, Nrf2, and heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） in retinal tissues were analyzed by RT-qPCR. Protein expression levels of EGFL7, Sestrin2, cluster of differentiation 31 （CD31）, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 （VEGFR2）, Nrf2, and HO-1 were detected by Western blot. Corresponding assay kits were used to measure the levels of malondialdehyde （MDA）, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） in the intraocular aqueous humor. Results Compared with the control group, rats in the model group exhibited pathological damage in retinal tissues, increased retinal vascular density, and elevated levels of EGFL7, CD31, VEGFR2, and MDA （P < 0.05）, whereas levels of SOD, GSH-Px, Sestrin2, Nrf2, and HO-1 were decreased （P < 0.05）. No significant changes were observed in the above pathological indicators in the IgG group compared with the model group （P > 0.05）. In contrast, compared with the IgG group, rats in the anti-EGFL7 group showed alleviated retinal pathological injury, reduced retinal vascular density, decreased levels of EGFL7, CD31, VEGFR2, and MDA （P < 0.05）, and increased levels of SOD, GSH-Px, Sestrin2, Nrf2, and HO-1 （P < 0.05）. Conclusion EGFL7 may exacerbate retinal neovascularization in diabetic retinopathy rats by promoting oxidative stress, a mechanism potentially associated with the inhibition of the Sestrin2/Nrf2 signaling pathway.
2026,
47(1):
47-54.
doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260106
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the effect of tripartite motif containing 47 （TRIM47） on lung tissue of acute lung injury rat model and its effect on the molecular mechanism regulating transforming growth factor Transforming growth factor beta activated kinase 1 binding protein 1（TAB1） / inhibitor of NF-κB （IκB）. Methods The ALI model was constructed in SD rats, the model group, empty carrier （NC）group and si-TRIM47 group were induced to establish a rat ALI model. The NC group and si-TRIM47 group were injected with NC plasmid and siRNA interference plasmid targeting TRIM47 （si-TRIM47） via tail vein after modeling. One week after the intervention, pathological changes in the lung tissues of each group were observed via hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining. Levels of peripheral blood interleukin （IL）-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, and Tumor Necrosis Factor （TNF-α）were detected by ELISA. The relative mRNA expression levels of TAB1 and IκB in lung tissues were measured using quantitative real-time PCR （qPCR）. Protein expression levels of TAB1 and IκB in lung tissues were analyzed by Western blot, while nuclear translocation of NF-κB was simultaneously detected. The protein interaction between TRIM47 and TAB1 was examined by co-immunoprecipitation （Co-IP）. Results In histopathological observations, compared with the control group, the model group and NC group exhibited increased inflammatory cell infiltration, whereas the si-TRIM47 group showed relatively milder pathological lesions compared to both the model and NC groups. ELISA results indicated that, compared with the control group, the model group had elevated levels of IL-1, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α （P < 0.01）; in contrast, compared with the model group and NC group, the si-TRIM47 group demonstrated reduced levels of IL-1, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α but increased IL-10 （P < 0.01） group and NC group, the si-TRIM47 group demonstrated reduced levels of IL-1, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α but increased IL-10 （P < 0.01）. Furthermore, qPCR and Western blot results revealed that, compared with the control group, TAB1 and nuclear NF-κB protein levels were elevated while IκB expression was markedly reduced in the model and NC groups（P < 0.01）; conversely, the si-TRIM47 group exhibited decreased TAB1 and nuclear NF-κB protein alongside increased IκB expression compared to the model and NC groups （P < 0.01）. Additionally, the CO-IP assay confirmed that TRIM47 promoted TAB1 protein expression. Conclusion si-TRIM47 may exert a protective effect against ALI in rats by inhibiting the release of inflammatory factors and the activation of the TAB1 signaling pathway.
2026,
47(1):
55-61.
doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260107
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effects and underlying mechanisms of dapagliflozin （DAP） in a rat model of ischemic stroke （IS） induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO）. Methods The MCAO model was established and rats were randomly assigned to the sham, model, and DAP groups （n = 10）. DAP （1 mg/kg·d） was administered by gavage 2 h after reperfusion for 7 consecutive days. Neurological function was assessed using the modified neurological severity score （mNSS）. Infarct volume, brain water content, and hippocampal neuronal apoptosis were measured. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Serum levels of NGF, BDNF, D-lactate, DAO, and inflammatory cytokines were determined by ELISA. Protein expression of ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-1, cleaved Caspase-3, HMGB1, RAGE, NF-κB, and p-NF-κB was detected by Western blot. Results Compared with the model group, DAP significantly reduced mNSS scores, （P < 0.01） infarct volume, brain water content, and neuronal apoptosis （ P < 0.01）. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed increased abundances of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, and decreased Enterobacter in the DAP group, which were significantly correlated with mNSS scores （P < 0.001）. DAP increased serum NGF and BDNF levels, while reducing D-lactate, DAO, and inflammatory cytokines （all P < 0.01）. Western blot showed that DAP upregulated ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1, while downregulating cleaved Caspase-3, HMGB1, RAGE, NF-κB, and p-NF-κB （all P < 0.01）. Conclusion DAP can improve neurological function and brain injury in MCAO rats by inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation and regulating intestinal flora.
2026,
47(1):
62-69.
doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260108
Abstract:
Objective Based on Toll-like receptor 3 protein （TLR3）- mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signaling pathway, the effect of Xiyanping on inflammatory microenvironment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） model was discussed. Methods A mouse model of COPD induced by Cigarette Smoke （CS） was established and treated with XYP （low, medium and high）. Human Bronchial Epithelial cells （HBE） were exposed to Cigarette Smoke Extract （CSE） and treated with XYP or TLR3 agonist poly（I:C）. The expression of α-Smooth Muscle Actin （α-SMA）, Collagen type I （Collagen I）, TLR3 and MAPK signaling pathway proteins were detected by western blot. Results Compared with the Ctrl group, the score of HE staining in CS group increased （P < 0.05）. Compared with CS group, the score of HE staining in XYP-H group decreased （P < 0.05）. Compared with the Ctrl group, the levels of CollagenⅠ, α-SMA, TLR3 and MAPK signaling pathway protein in lung tissue of CS group increased （P < 0.05）. Compared with CS group, the expression of CollagenⅠ, α-SMA, TLR3 and MAPK protein in XYP-H group decreased （P < 0.05）. In vitro experiment, compared with CSE group, the expression of CollagenⅠ, α-SMA, TLR3 protein and MAPK signaling pathway protein in HBE cells in CSE+XYP-H group decreased （P < 0.05）. Compared with CSE+XYP-H group, the expression levels of CollagenⅠ and α-SMA in CSE+XYP-H+poly（I:C） group increased （P < 0.05）. Conclusion Xiyanping injection can alleviate the development of pulmonary fibrosis in the process of COPD, and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting the activation of TLR3-MAPK signaling pathway.
2026,
47(1):
70-78.
doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260109
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the incidence and clinical characteristics of anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders in people living with HIV （PLWH） and end-stage renal disease （ESRD） on maintenance hemodialysis （MHD）. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at Kunming Third People’ s Hospital from August to December 2024. We consecutively enrolled 51 HIV/AIDS patients with ESRD receiving MHD （HIV-HD group）, 50 non-HIV ESRD patients receiving MHD （HD group）, and randomly selected 102 non-dialysis PLWH at a 1∶2 ratio （HIV group）. The hospital anxiety and depression scale （HADS） was used to assess anxiety and depression, and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index （PSQI） was used to evaluate sleep quality. The incidence rates of these conditions were compared among the three groups. Results A total of 203 patients were included. The incidence rates of psychiatric disorders in HIV-HD, HD , and HIV groups were as follows: anxiety （25.5% vs. 22.0% vs. 7.8%）, depression （37.3% vs. 56.0% vs. 17.6%）, sleep disorders （86.3% vs. 90.0% vs. 40.2%）, comorbid anxiety and depression （15.7% vs. 20.0% vs. 3.9%）, comorbid anxiety and sleep disorders （23.5% vs. 22.0% vs. 3.9%）, comorbid depression and sleep disorders （33.3% vs. 54.0% vs. 9.8%）, and comorbid anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders （13.7% vs. 20.0% vs. 2.0%）. The incidence of these psychiatric disorders was significantly higher in both the HIV-HD and HD groups compared to the HIV group （P < 0.05）. Clinical characteristics revealed that the proportions of severe comorbidities （CCI≥5） and hypertension were significantly higher in the HIV-HD and HD groups than in the HIV group, while the prevalence of diabetes was higher in the HD group than in the HIV group （all P < 0.05）. Conclusion People living with HIV on hemodialysis have a higher incidence of anxiety and depression, and extremely poor sleep quality.
2026,
47(1):
79-89.
doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260110
Abstract:
Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of three bronchoscopic interventional regimens for benign central airway stenosis （BCAS） and identify prognostic factors, so as to provide evidence-based support for individualized treatment. Methods A total of 101 BCAS patients who underwent bronchoscopic interventional therapy at the Respiratory Endoscopy Center of The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 2022 to December 2024 were retrospectively enrolled. They were divided into three groups according to the treatment regimen: Group A （Nd:YAG laser + balloon dilation, n = 31）, Group B （Nd:YAG laser + balloon dilation + triamcinolone acetonide, n = 33）, and Group C （Nd:YAG laser + balloon dilation + triamcinolone acetonide + cryotherapy, n = 37）. The primary endpoints included treatment effective rate, restenosis-related indicators （incidence and median time）, quality of life, and complication rate. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 26.0 and GraphPad Prism 9.0. Results At 2 months after surgery, the stenosis grade in Group C （3.05±0.70） was significantly superior to that in Groups A and B （P = 0.002）, with a more obvious decrease in white blood cell count. During the 12-month follow-up, the total effective rate of Group C reached 86.49%, which was significantly higher than that of Group A （67.74%） and Group B （69.70%） （P < 0.05）. The median time to first restenosis in Group C （4.7 months） was 47.5% longer than that in Group A （3.2 months） and Group B （3.5 months） （P = 0.020）. Both the improvement rate of forced expiratory volume in 1 second （FEV1） （27.8%） and the Karnofsky score at the last follow-up （82.7 points） in Group C were significantly higher than those in the other two groups （P < 0.01）. In terms of safety, there was no significant difference in the incidence of bleeding among the three groups, but the incidence of hypoxemia in Group B was relatively higher （21.2%）. Subgroup analysis showed that the treatment effective rate of Group C in patients with post-intubation stenosis （90.00%） was significantly higher than that in Group A （63.64%） and Group B （72.73%） （P = 0.045）, while the advantage in patients with tuberculous stenosis did not reach statistical significance （P = 0.089）. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that the treatment regimen was an independent prognostic factor for BCAS patients （OR = 3.258, 95%CI: 1.563-6.794, P = 0.002）. Conclusion The quadrature therapy regimen integrating Nd:YAG laser ablation, balloon dilation, intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection, and cryotherapy demonstrates superior clinical efficacy in the management of benign central airway stenosis （BCAS）. This multimodal approach significantly enhances the therapeutic response rate and markedly prolongs the restenosis-free interval.
2026,
47(1):
90-99.
doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260111
Abstract:
Objective To analyze the correlation between the expression levels of serum long non-coding RNA taurine up-regulated gene 1 （lncRNA TUG1） and microRNA - （miR） -29A-3p and the severity and prognosis of the patients with severe pneumonia （SP） . Methods A total of 160 SP patients who received treatment in the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from March 2022 to March 2024, were enrolled as the study subjects. Basic information such as age, gender, and underlying diseases were collected. The patients were stratified into low-risk （n = 20）, moderate-risk （n = 58）, and high-risk groups （n = 82） based on the pneumonia severity index （PSI） score. The expression levels of lncRNA TUG1 and miR-29a-3p in serum using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR） . The patients were divided into unfavorable and favorable outcome groups based on their 28-day post-ICU admission outcomes. Multivariate ordinal and multivariable Logistic regression models were used to analyze the influencing factors of the disease severity and prognosis, adjusted for confounders. The values of serum lncRNA TUG1 and miR-29a-3p in predicting disease condition and prognosis were represented by receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves, and correlation analysis was performed using the Pearson method; survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method. Results The high-risk group had lower oxygenation index and lncRNA TUG1 than the moderate-risk and low-risk groups, and higher interleukin （IL）-6, tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α, C-reactive protein, and miR-29a-3p than the moderate-risk and low-risk groups （P < 0.05）; the moderate-risk group had lower lncRNA TUG1 than the low-risk group, and higher miR-29a-3p than the low-risk group （P < 0.05）. Compared to the favorable group, the unfavorable group had lower oxygenation index and lncRNA TUG1, and higher IL-6, TNF-α, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and miR-29a-3p （P < 0.05）. Correlation analysis indicated that lncRNA TUG1 was positively correlated with the oxygenation index, while IL-6, TNF-α, C-reactive protein, and miR-29a-3p were all negatively correlated. miR-29a-3p was negatively correlated with the oxygenation index and positively correlated with IL-6, TNF-α, and C-reactive protein （P < 0.05）. The area under the curve （AUC） values of the combination of lncRNA TUG1 and miR-29a-3p for predicting disease condition and prognosis were 0.945 and 0.935, respectively, which were higher than those of single prediction （P < 0.05）. Logistic analysis showed that IL-6, TNF-α, and C-reactive protein were all influencing factors for the condition and prognosis of patients with SP. After multiple adjustments, lncRNA TUG1 and miR-29a-3p were both influencing factors for the condition and prognosis of patients with SP （P < 0.05）. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the patients with high lncRNA TUG1 expression had significantly higher 28-day survival rate （68/93, 73.12%） compared to those with low expression （31/67, 46.27%）, while the patients with high miR-29a-3p expression had lower 28-day survival rate （21/62, 33.87%） compared to those with low miR-29a-3p expression （78/98, 79.59%）. Conclusion Low expression of serum lncRNA TUG1 combined with high expression of miR-29a-3p in patients with SP may be reliable predictors for high-risk SP and poor prognosis.
2026,
47(1):
100-106.
doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260112
Abstract:
Objective To discuss the relationship between serum pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor （PBEF）, Kruppel like factor 2 （KLF2）, interleukin-26 （IL-26） and the severity and prognosis of severe pneumonia （SP） in children. Methods A total of 180 children with SP admitted to Xi’ an Children’ s Hospital from March 2023 to March 2025 were selected as the research subjects. The protein levels of PBEF, KLF2 and IL-26 in serum were detected respectively using ELISA kits. The severity of the children's conditions was determined based on the acute physiology and chronic health score Ⅱ （APACHE Ⅱ score）, and they were grouped into the non-critical group （n = 60）, the critical group （n = 75）, and the extremely critical group （n = 45）. According to the prognosis of children with SP, they were divided into the good prognosis group （n = 127） and the poor prognosis group （n = 53）. The correlations between the levels of serum PBEF, KLF2 and IL-26 and the APACHE Ⅱ score were analyzed by the Pearson method. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the factors influencing the prognosis and outcome of children with SP. ROC curve was used to analyze the predictive value of serum PBEF, KLF2 and IL-26 levels for the prognosis and outcome of children with SP. Results Compared with the non-critical group, the APACHE Ⅱ score, serum PBEF and IL-26 levels in the critical group and the extremely critical group were all increased （P < 0.05）, and the serum KLF2 level was all decreased （P < 0.05）. Compared with the critical group, the APACHE Ⅱ score and the levels of serum PBEF and IL-26 in the extremely critical group were increased, while the level of serum KLF2 was decreased （P < 0.05）. The levels of serum PBEF and IL-26 in children with SP were positively correlated with the APACHE Ⅱ score, while the level of serum KLF2 was negatively correlated with the APACHE Ⅱ score （P < 0.05）. The proportion of extremely critical patients, APACHE Ⅱ score, serum PBEF and IL-26 levels in the poor prognosis group were increased compared with those in the good prognosis group, while the serum KLF2 level was decreased （P < 0.05）. The elevated levels of serum PBEF and IL-26 and the decreased level of KLF2 are risk factors for poor prognosis in children with SP （P < 0.05）. The AUCs of serum PBEF, KLF2, and IL-26 levels alone and in combination for predicting poor prognosis in children were 0.769, 0.820, 0.814, and 0.933, respectively. The combined predictive value of the three was higher （Z=4.112, 3.893, 4.035, all P < 0.001）. Conclusion With the increase of the severity of the disease in children with SP, the levels of serum PBEF and IL-26 were increased, and the level of KLF2 was decreased. The three can be used as indicators for predicting the prognosis and outcome of children.
2026,
47(1):
107-113.
doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260113
Abstract:
Objective To explore the effects of a hospital-community-family linkage nursing model on the unplanned readmission rate, Activity of Daily Living Scale （ADL）, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale （BPRS）, and Social Disability Screening Schedule （SDSS） scores of patients with convalescent schizophrenia within 6 months after discharge. Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted using a random number table. Ninety-eight eligible patients with convalescent schizophrenia discharged from a tertiary-grade a psychiatric hospital between January 2022 and January 2023 were enrolled and randomly assigned to an intervention group （n = 49） and a control group （n = 49）. The control group received routine continuous care, including telephone follow-ups and reminders for re-examinations. The intervention group received hospital-community-family linkage interventions, including dynamic health management, community rehabilitation activities, and family supervision. Repeated measures analysis of variance （ANOVA） was used to compare rehabilitation outcomes at different time points between the two groups. Results At 6 months post-discharge, the unplanned readmission rate was 6.12% in the intervention group, significantly lower than that in the control group （42.86%）（χ2 = 18.732, P < 0.001）.Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant time and group interaction effects, time main effects, and group main effects for: ADL（F = 13.753/40.338/24.172, P < 0.001）, SDSS（F = 15.117/25.338/10.612, P < 0.001）, BPRS（F = 27.289/74.970/70.157, P < 0.001）.At 6 months, the intervention group showed significantly better outcomes than controls in: ADL（14.32±1.14, 21.77±4.68; P < 0.05）, SDSS（2.98±2.05, 7.26±2.88; P < 0.05）, BPRS（19.30±2.24, 33.82±5.59; P <0.05）. Conclusion The hospital-community-family linkage nursing model can effectively reduce the unplanned readmission rate and improve the daily living ability of patients with convalescent schizophrenia.
2026,
47(1):
114-120.
doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260114
Abstract:
Objective To explore the impact of tracking the imbalance of vaginal microbiota in pregnant women and the level of inflammatory factors on predicting pregnancy outcomes. Method A prospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 400 late pregnancy women who underwent prenatal examinations in the obstetrics and gynecology department of Hengshui Maternal and Child Health Hospital from December 2022 to December 2023. Collect vaginal secretions from parturients and undergo vaginal microbiota testing. Use enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect hs CRP, PCT, and IL-6 levels. Track the results of vaginal microbiota testing and pregnancy outcomes of pregnant women, and divide them into an observation group （imbalanced microbiota, n = 200） and a control group （normal microbiota, n = 200） based on the results of vaginal microbiota testing.According to pregnancy outcomes, they were divided into a good group （n = 316） and an adverse group （n = 84）. Compare baseline data and adverse pregnancy outcomes between the vaginal microbiota imbalance group and the normal group. Compare the clinical characteristics of the group with good pregnancy outcomes and the group with poor pregnancy outcomes. Using logistic regression to analyze the influencing factors of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The predictive efficacy of ROC analysis on vaginal microbiota and inflammatory factor levels for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Results The levels of hs CRP, PCT, IL-6, adverse pregnancy outcomes （premature rupture of membranes, premature birth, chorioamnionitis, neonatal infection）, and overall incidence rate in the group with vaginal microbiota imbalance were higher than those in the normal group （P < 0.05）. The proportion of hs CRP, PCT, IL-6 levels, vaginal microbiota density I, IV, diversity I, IV, dominant bacteria being non Gram positive bacteria, Candida positive, and vaginal pH ≥ 4.5 in the group with poor pregnancy outcomes were higher than those in the normal group （P < 0.05）. Logistic regression analysis showed that hs CRP, PCT, IL-6 levels, vaginal microbiota density and diversity levels I and IV, dominant bacteria being non Gram positive bacilli, Candida positive, and vaginal pH ≥ 4.5 were all risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes （OR > 1, P < 0.05）. The ROC curve results show that the predictive value AUC （95%CI） is 0.914 （0.856～0.937）. Conclusion Vaginal microecological imbalance and inflammatory factor construction have high value in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes.
2026,
47(1):
121-128.
doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260115
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the short-term efficacy and safety of sacubitril/valsartan （S/V） in patients with coronary heart disease （CHD） complicated by heart failure （HF） during hospitalization. Methods A prospective, non-randomized, open-label controlled design was used. A total of 65 patients with CHD complicated by HF who were admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to December 2023 were enrolled. The control group （n = 33） received conventional ACEI/ARB therapy, while the treatment group （n = 32） switched to S/V after discontinuing ACEI/ARB for 36 hours. Heart function, oxidative stress markers, hemodynamic parameters, inflammatory factors, quality of life scores, and adverse reactions were observed and compared before and after 21 days of treatment. Results Compared with the control group, the treatment group showed significant improvements in left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）（P < 0.05）, left ventricular end-systolic diameter （LVESd）, and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter （LVEDd） after 21 days （P < 0.05）. Superoxide dismutase （SOD） levels increased, while malondialdehyde （MDA） levels decreased （P < 0.05）. Cardiac index （CI） and cardiac output （CO） increased （P < 0.05）, and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α）, interleukin-6 （IL-6）, and C-reactive protein （CRP） decreased （P < 0.05）. The SF-36 quality of life score significantly improved （P < 0.05）. The incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower in the treatment group compared with the control group （P < 0.05）. Conclusion S/V can improve cardiac function, oxidative stress, hemodynamics, and inflammatory response in hospitalized patients with CHD complicated by HF in the short term.
2026,
47(1):
129-139.
doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260116
Abstract:
Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of the lower extremity exoskeleton rehabilitation robot combined with the balance assessment training system in improving balance dysfunction in patients after cerebral infarction. Methods A total of 126 patients with stable cerebral infarction who were hospitalized in Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen from January 2024 to December 2024 were included. According to the computer random number method, the patients were divided into the lower extremity exoskeleton rehabilitation robot group （n = 42）, the balance assessment and training system group （n = 42）, and the comprehensive treatment group （n = 42）. The clinical data, clinical efficacy, relevant parameters of balance test before and after treatment, electromyography characteristics, berg balance scale （BBS）, and Fugl-Meyer assessment of the three groups of patients were compared. Indicators such as FMA, barthel index （BI）, and montreal cognitive assessment （MoCA）. The main effect test was used to analyze the influence of time and treatment methods on the relevant parameters of the balance test and the electromyographic characteristics. Correlation analysis was conducted on the BBS, FMA, BI, MoCA scores before and after treatment, as well as the parameters related to the balance test and the electromyographic characteristics. The difference-in-differences model was adopted to analyze the scores of BBS, FMA, BI and MoCA. Results The total effective rate of the lower limb exoskeleton rehabilitation robot group was 71.43%, that of the balance assessment and training system group was 76.19%, and that of the comprehensive treatment group was 95.24%, which was significantly higher than the other two groups （P < 0.05）. The balance test-related parameters and electromyographic characteristics of the three groups of patients before and after treatment were compared. After treatment, the balance test-related parameters, AEMG and MPF decline rates of the three groups of patients all showed a downward trend, while the complexity showed an upward trend （P < 0.05）, and the difference in the comprehensive treatment group was significant （P < 0.05）. After treatment, the scores of BBS, FMA, BI and MoCA in the three groups of patients increased significantly （P < 0.05）, and the increase in the scores of the patients in the comprehensive treatment group was more obvious （P < 0.05）. The results of Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the relevant parameters of the balance instrument test and the electromyographic characteristic indicators were all correlated before and after treatment, and each parameter was correlated with the BBS, FMA, BI, and MoCA scores after treatment （P < 0.05）. The results of the difference-in-differences model analysis showed that the group and the interaction effect before and after treatment had a significant impact on the BBS, FMA, BI, and MoCA scores （P < 0.05）. Conclusion Lower limb exoskeleton robots combined with balance training can effectively improve the balance, motor and cognitive functions of patients with cerebral infarction, and it is more accurate, safe and economical.
2026,
47(1):
140-147.
doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260117
Abstract:
Dental caries, as the most prevalent disease in the oral cavity, is primarily caused by cariogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans. These bacteria metabolize dietary carbohydrates to produce acids, leading to the demineralization of dental hard tissues and the formation of carious lesions. Without timely intervention, caries can progress to local complications such as pulpitis and periapical periodontitis, and may even impact systemic health.Antibiotics play a critical role in the treatment of infectious and communicable diseases. However, the long-term misuse and overuse of antibiotics have led to a severe global crisis of antimicrobial resistance. Given this context, phage therapy has garnered significant attention due to its unique antibacterial advantages and its ability to circumvent traditional bacterial resistance mechanisms, positioning it as a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics. This approach demonstrates considerable potential in eliminating pathogenic bacterial biofilms, thereby preventing the onset of caries and arresting its progression, all while preserving the balance of the normal oral microbiota.This review aims to provide an overview of the current status and future prospects of phage-based strategies for caries management. It will introduce the etiology of dental caries, the fundamental characteristics of bacteriophages, the principles and advantages of phage therapy, the discovery of Streptococcus mutans-specific phages, and the application of this therapy in caries prevention and treatment. The associated challenges and future directions will also be discussed, with the goal of offering a novel perspective on the management of dental caries.
Dental caries, as the most prevalent disease in the oral cavity, is primarily caused by cariogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans. These bacteria metabolize dietary carbohydrates to produce acids, leading to the demineralization of dental hard tissues and the formation of carious lesions. Without timely intervention, caries can progress to local complications such as pulpitis and periapical periodontitis, and may even impact systemic health.Antibiotics play a critical role in the treatment of infectious and communicable diseases. However, the long-term misuse and overuse of antibiotics have led to a severe global crisis of antimicrobial resistance. Given this context, phage therapy has garnered significant attention due to its unique antibacterial advantages and its ability to circumvent traditional bacterial resistance mechanisms, positioning it as a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics. This approach demonstrates considerable potential in eliminating pathogenic bacterial biofilms, thereby preventing the onset of caries and arresting its progression, all while preserving the balance of the normal oral microbiota.This review aims to provide an overview of the current status and future prospects of phage-based strategies for caries management. It will introduce the etiology of dental caries, the fundamental characteristics of bacteriophages, the principles and advantages of phage therapy, the discovery of Streptococcus mutans-specific phages, and the application of this therapy in caries prevention and treatment. The associated challenges and future directions will also be discussed, with the goal of offering a novel perspective on the management of dental caries.
2026,
47(1):
148-156.
doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260118
Abstract:
Diabetic kidney disease （DKD） is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus, and it is categorized as a sterile inflammatory disease. Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death mediated by inflammasomes and the cysteine-aspartic acid protease （Caspase） family, which has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of DKD in recent years. Stimuli such as hyperglycemia can induce pyroptosis in intrinsic renal cells by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome and related signaling pathways, which further amplifies local inflammatory responses, promotes the process of renal fibrosis, and ultimately leads to progressive deterioration of renal function. This review systematically summarized the molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis and the research progress of pyroptosis in DKD, in order to explore potential intervention strategies targeting the pyroptosis pathway, and provide new theoretical basis and therapeutic ideas for the prevention and treatment of DKD.
Diabetic kidney disease （DKD） is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus, and it is categorized as a sterile inflammatory disease. Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death mediated by inflammasomes and the cysteine-aspartic acid protease （Caspase） family, which has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of DKD in recent years. Stimuli such as hyperglycemia can induce pyroptosis in intrinsic renal cells by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome and related signaling pathways, which further amplifies local inflammatory responses, promotes the process of renal fibrosis, and ultimately leads to progressive deterioration of renal function. This review systematically summarized the molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis and the research progress of pyroptosis in DKD, in order to explore potential intervention strategies targeting the pyroptosis pathway, and provide new theoretical basis and therapeutic ideas for the prevention and treatment of DKD.
2026,
47(1):
157-163.
doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260119
Abstract:
objective To explore the effect of microbial metabolites on immune function reconstruction of AIDS based on mitochondrial dysfunction. Methods From October 2023 to March 2024, 42 HIV-infected people who received antiretroviral therapy （ART） for 4 years were recruited, including 20 immune non-responders （INR） and 22 responders （IR）. At the same time, 20 non-infected MSM matched by sex and age were selected as the control group, and their HIV, hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus infection were all negative. The immune parameters were analyzed by flow cytometry. The levels of free fatty acid （FFA） and ferrous （Fe2+） in plasma were determined by fluorescence assay kit and iron colorimetric assay kit. Results The percentages of CD4+ T cells, CD4+CD45RA+ T cells and CD4+CD45RA+CD31+ T cells in INR group were lower than those in control group and IR group （P < 0.05）. Compared with IR group, the JC-1 ratio of CD4+ T cells, the level of reactive oxygen species （ROS） and the peroxidation/antioxidation of C11-BODIPY in INR group increased （P < 0.05）. The lipid ROS level of CD4+ T cells in IR group was higher than that in control group （P < 0.05）. The FFA level and Fe2+ level in peripheral blood of patients in INR group were higher than those in control group and IR group （P < 0.05）, and the percentage of CD4+CD36+ T cells was lower than that in control group and IR group （P < 0.05）, but there was no significant difference between control group and IR group. Conclusion The increase of FFA, a metabolite of flora, is accompanied by the decrease of CD36 receptor expression on CD4+ T cells, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction （P > 0.05）.
2026,
47(1):
164-171.
doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260120
Abstract:
Objective This study focuses on the issues in bilingual teaching in medical schools and explores the reform of the “SPOC + PBL” model for the course “Medical Academic English Writing and Translation” to enhance medical students' linguistic and academic abilities. Methods Seventy students from the First Clinical Medical College of Kunming Medical University, enrolled in the 2022 class of the Clinical Medicine major, were randomly divided into an experimental group （SPOC + PBL mixed teaching, n = 35） and a control group （traditional bilingual classroom, n = 35）, and a 16-week teaching experiment was conducted. The effectiveness of the reform was evaluated through pre-test/post-test （results of the bilingual course, medical English proficiency test）, analysis of SPOC learning behavior logs, transcription of PBL group discussion records, and student interviews. Results Compared with the control group, the experimental group showed significantly improved performance in the accuracy of medical English writing and translation （pre-test: 72.1 ± 6.8 vs post-test: 78.7 ± 5.1, P < 0.01）, cultural awareness （t = 5.87, P < 0.001）, language conversion （t = 4.93, P < 0.001） and conflict resolution （t = 5.21, P < 0.001）, while the performance level was lowest in non-verbal communication （t = 6.02, P < 0.001）; compared with the control group, the performance scores for the experimental group's kinesthetic learners in academic performance （84.7 ± 5.3, P < 0.01） and critical thinking （t = 5.89, P < 0.001） showed significant improvements. Conclusion The “SPOC + PBL” model employs a dual-track approach to address the issue of language-content dissociation, enhancing medical students' medical English proficiency and providing a replicable blended teaching methodology for medical bilingual education reform.
2026,
47(1):
172-180.
doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260121
Abstract:
Objective Toconstruct an intelligent platform-based "medical-nursing-rehabilitation" intervention system for breast cancer patients and explore its application effect. Methods A total of breast cancer patients admitted to Yunnan Cancer Hospital from March to December 2022 were selected as research objects. They were randomly divided into a control group and a study group. The control group received routine nursing, while the study group was provided with intelligent platform-based "medical-nursing-rehabilitation" intervention services. The quality of life, medication adherence, and anxiety and depression levels of patients in both groups were evaluated and compared. Results Before the intervention, there were no significant differences in quality of life, medication adherence, or anxiety and depression levels between the two groups （P > 0.05）. After the intervention, the study group showed significant improvements in all the above indicators, which were remarkably better than those of the control group （P < 0.05）. Conclusion The intelligent platform-based "medical-nursing-rehabilitation" intervention service for breast cancer patients can effectively improve their quality of life and alleviate anxiety and depression.
