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2026, Volume 47, Issue 3
2026,
47(3):
1-11.
doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260301
Abstract:
Allergic rhinitis （AR） is a chronic airway disorder predominantly driven by type 2 inflammation, in which T helper （Th） cells, innate lymphoid cells （ILCs）, and their characteristic type 2 cytokines serve as the core pathogenic mechanisms. Recent evidence highlights that the immune imbalance between regulatory T cells （Tregs） and group 2 innate lymphoid cells （ILC2s）, termed as the Treg-ILC2 axis, has been recognized as a critical regulatory hub in AR pathogenesis. Mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs）, characterized by potent immunomodulatory properties, can induce iTreg differentiation and suppress ILC2 hyperactivation through the secretion of soluble factors （e.g., TGF-β, IL-10） and direct cell-to-cell contact mediated by the ICOS-ICOSL （inducible T-cell costimulator-inducible T-cell costimulator ligand ） interaction. By reviewing the cross-talk mechanisms between Tregs and ILC2s, this article focuses on the research progress of MSCs in restoring immune homeostasis in AR via the Treg-ILC2 axis, aiming to provide theoretical foundations and novel insights for precise immune-targeted therapies for AR.
Allergic rhinitis （AR） is a chronic airway disorder predominantly driven by type 2 inflammation, in which T helper （Th） cells, innate lymphoid cells （ILCs）, and their characteristic type 2 cytokines serve as the core pathogenic mechanisms. Recent evidence highlights that the immune imbalance between regulatory T cells （Tregs） and group 2 innate lymphoid cells （ILC2s）, termed as the Treg-ILC2 axis, has been recognized as a critical regulatory hub in AR pathogenesis. Mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs）, characterized by potent immunomodulatory properties, can induce iTreg differentiation and suppress ILC2 hyperactivation through the secretion of soluble factors （e.g., TGF-β, IL-10） and direct cell-to-cell contact mediated by the ICOS-ICOSL （inducible T-cell costimulator-inducible T-cell costimulator ligand ） interaction. By reviewing the cross-talk mechanisms between Tregs and ILC2s, this article focuses on the research progress of MSCs in restoring immune homeostasis in AR via the Treg-ILC2 axis, aiming to provide theoretical foundations and novel insights for precise immune-targeted therapies for AR.
2026,
47(3):
12-22.
doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260302
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the expression pattern of WD repeat-containing protein 62 （WDR62） in hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）, its association with clinicopathological features and prognosis, and to construct a prognostic nomogram model for overall survival （OS） based on WDR62. Methods RNA sequencing data and clinical information for HCC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma cohort （TCGA-LIHC）. WDR62 messenger RNA （mRNA） expression was compared between tumor and adjacent non-tumor liver tissues. Its diagnostic value was assessed using receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves. Patients were divided into high- and low-expression groups according to the median WDR62 expression level. Associations between WDR62 expression and clinicopathological variables, as well as survival outcomes including OS, disease-specific survival （DSS） and progression-free survival （PFS） were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to identify independent prognostic factors for OS. Subsequently, a prognostic nomogram was constructed. Harrell’ s concordance index （C-index）, calibration curves and decision curve analysis （DCA） were used to assess model performance. In addition, paired HCC and adjacent liver tissues from surgical specimens in our hospital were collected from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, and WDR62 protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry （IHC）. Results A total of 424 HCC cases and 50 adjacent/normal liver tissues samples from TCGA-LIHC were included. WDR62 mRNA expression was significantly higher in HCC tissues than in adjacent tissues （P < 0.001）, with an area under the ROC curve （AUC） of 0.964 for distinguishing HCC from adjacent/normal tissues. The high WDR62 expression group exhibited higher proportions of patients with pathological stage III-IV, histologic grade G3-G4, alpha-fetoprotein （AFP） >400 ng/mL and the presence of tumor status, and a higher incidence of OS events （P < 0.05）. Kaplan-Meier curves showed significantly poorer OS, DSS and PFS in the high-expression group （OS: P = 0.004）. Multivariate Cox analysis identified pathological T3～T4 stage, presence of tumor status and high WDR62 expression as independent risk factors for OS; high WDR62 expression had a hazard ratio （HR） of 1.656 （95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.028～2.667, P = 0.038）. The nomogram model achieved a Harrell’ s C-index of 0.629 （95%CI: 0.576～0.680）. Calibration curves for 1-, 3- and 5-year OS showed good agreement, and DCA indicated that the model provided higher net benefit within a threshold probability range of approximately 0.05～0.20. In the hospital IHC cohort, WDR62 protein expression was also significantly higher in HCC tissues than in paired adjacent tissues （P < 0.05）. Conclusion WDR62 is up-regulated in HCC and is closely associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis. The OS prognostic nomogram constructed based on WDR62 and clinicopathological variables shows acceptable predictive capability within the TCGA-LIHC cohort.
2026,
47(3):
23-33.
doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260303
Abstract:
To investigate the molecular mechanism by which phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 （PCK2） regulates glutamine transport under low-glucose conditions and its impact on the malignant behaviors of non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） cells. Methods: Stable PCK2 knockdown （KD group） and negative control （NC group） cell lines （n = 3 for all experiments） were established in the human NSCLC A549 cell line.. The impact of PCK2 on the transcription and protein expression of solute carrier family 38 member 2 （SLC38A2） were assessed using PRM proteomics, Western blotting, and dual-luciferase reporter assays. Cell proliferation （MTT）, migration （wound healing）, and apoptosis （flow cytometry） were analyzed via MTT assay, scratch wound healing assay, and flow cytometry, respectively under low-glucose conditions （1000 mg/L）. Functional rescue experiments were performed by establishing a Gln supplementation group （KD+Gln group） and an SLC38A2 overexpression group （KD+SLC38A2 group）. Results: Upon PCK2 knockdown, SLC38A2 promoter activity decreased by approximately 60% （P < 0.0001 ） and its protein expression was significantly reduced （P < 0.01）. Under low-glucose conditions, cell proliferation was inhibited in the KD group. The 24-hour migration rate （≈20%） was significantly lower than that in the NC group （≈55%, P < 0.0001 ）, while the apoptosis rate （≈13%） was significantly higher （NC group ≈4.5%, P < 0.0001 ）. Both glutamine supplementation and SLC38A2 overexpression significantly reversed these phenomena, restoring migration rates to approximately 50% （P < 0.01 vs. KD） and reducing apoptosis to about 5.5% （P < 0.0001 vs. KD）. Conclusion: Under low-glucose stress, PCK2 maintains Gln uptake by regulating SLC38A2 expression at the transcriptional level, thereby promoting the proliferation, migration, and survival of NSCLC cells.
To investigate the molecular mechanism by which phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 （PCK2） regulates glutamine transport under low-glucose conditions and its impact on the malignant behaviors of non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） cells. Methods: Stable PCK2 knockdown （KD group） and negative control （NC group） cell lines （n = 3 for all experiments） were established in the human NSCLC A549 cell line.. The impact of PCK2 on the transcription and protein expression of solute carrier family 38 member 2 （SLC38A2） were assessed using PRM proteomics, Western blotting, and dual-luciferase reporter assays. Cell proliferation （MTT）, migration （wound healing）, and apoptosis （flow cytometry） were analyzed via MTT assay, scratch wound healing assay, and flow cytometry, respectively under low-glucose conditions （
2026,
47(3):
34-44.
doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260304
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the protective effect of histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) inhibitor PCI-34051 on intestinal injury in a mouse model of necrotizing enterocolitis （NEC） and its relationship with ferroptosis, and to further validate the mechanism of HDAC8 in ferroptosis of intestinal epithelial cells through in vitro experiments. Methods Forty 8–11day-old male SPF-grade C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups （n = 8 per group）: a control group, an NEC group, an HDAC8 low-expression group （NEC+PCI-34051）, an HDAC8 low-expression+Erastin group （NEC+PCI-34051+Erastin）, and an NEC+Erastin group （8 mice per group）. An NEC model was established by hypoxia-cold stress. The HDAC8 inhibitor PCI-34051 （20 mg/kg） and/or ferroptosis inducer Erastin （40 mg/kg） were administered intraperitoneally once daily for 14 days. Intestinal histopathological changes, oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, expression of ferroptosis-related proteins （SLC7A11, GPX4, p53）, and mitochondrial ultrastructure were detected. In parallel, in vitro experiments were conducted using the mouse intestinal epithelial cell line IEC-6, which were divided into a control group, an Erastin group, an HDAC8 low-expression group （PCI-34051）, an HDAC8 over-expression group （ADV-HDAC8）, and an HDAC8 low-expression + SLC7A11 knockdown group. The expression of HDAC8, SLC7A11, GPX4, and ACSL4 was detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot, and changes in cell viability were assessed. Results Compared with the control group, the NEC group exhibited intestinal structural disorder, significant inflammatory cell infiltration, decreased GSH （P < 0.001）, elevated MDA, ROS, and Fe2+ （P < 0.001）, reduced SLC7A11 and GPX4 expression （P < 0.001）, and increased p53 （P < 0.001）. The HDAC8 low-expression group showed significantly reduced intestinal tissue damage, increased GSH expression, decreased MDA, ROS, and Fe2+, increased SLC7A11 and GPX4 expression, and decreased p53 （P < 0.001）. Erastin intervention partially reversed the protective effect of PCI-34051. Consistent in vitro results demonstrated that Erastin induced ferroptosis in IEC-6 cells, HDAC8 inhibited the upregulation of SLC7A11 and GPX4 and enhanced cell viability, while HDAC8 overexpression or SLC7A11 knockdown both enhanced the ferroptotic phenotype （P < 0.001）. Conclusion The HDAC8 inhibitor PCI-34051 alleviates oxidative stress, inflammatory response and mitochondrial damage in NEC mice and intestinal epithelial cells by upregulating SLC7A11/GPX4 and inhibiting the p53 signaling pathway. Its protective effect is closely related to the inhibition of ferroptosis.
2026,
47(3):
45-53.
doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260305
Abstract:
Objective This study aims to investigate whether celastrol （Cel） inhibits cataract formation by activating the transcription factor EB （TFEB）-mediated lysosomal biosynthesis pathway. Methods An oxidative stress model in human lens epithelial cells induced by H2O2 and a rat cataract model induced by selenite were employed. Cells were divided into control, model, Cel intervention, Cel + TFEB siRNA, or Cel + MHY1485 groups （n = 5）. 45 neonatal mice were divided into control, model, low-, medium-, and high-dose Cel groups （n = 9）. Cell viability was assessed by the CCK-8 assay, TFEB nuclear translocation was observed by immunofluorescence staining. Protein expression of LAMP1 and CTSB was detected by Western blot, lysosome quantity was assessed by LysoTracker Red staining. Lens opacity was observed and graded using the Bahmani standard under slit lamp microscopy, and lens morphology was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. TFEB siRNA and an mTOR activator （MHY1485） were also used to validate the mechanism of action of Cel. Results Compared with the model group, the Cel intervention group significantly increased TFEB nuclear translocation efficiency by approximately 2.1-fold （P < 0.0001 ） and significantly upregulated the expression of lysosomal function-related proteins （all P < 0.001）. LysoTracker Red staining showed that Cel intervention group reversed the H2O2-induced decrease in lysosome quantity （P < 0.0001 ）. In the animal model, Cel intervention group significantly reduced lens opacity （P < 0.05）. These positive effects of Cel were significantly antagonized by TFEB siRNA or the mTOR activator MHY1485 （P < 0.001）. Conclusion Cel promotes TFEB nuclear translocation by inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, enhances lysosomal biogenesis, improves lens protein homeostasis, and thereby suppresses cataract formation. This study provides a theoretical basis for non-surgical cataract treatment targeting TFEB.
2026,
47(3):
54-65.
doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260306
Abstract:
Objective This study is based on the Bayesian hierarchical spatio-temporal regression model to quantitatively assess the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of the regional incidence risk of head and neck malignancies in Yunnan Province. Its aim is to preliminarily explore the epidemiological characteristics and spatial distribution patterns of head and neck malignancies in this region. Method The clinical data was integrated from 9, 854 patients with head and neck malignancies admitted to the First People’ s Hospital of Yunnan Province from January 2012 to December 2021, and multiple dimensions of covariates such as population age structure, occupational distribution, and ethnic geographical characteristics, were integrated innovatively. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo （MCMC） algorithm was used for parameter estimation, and the high-risk aggregation areas were identified through the spatial relative risk surface. Result （1）Demographic characteristics: The male-to-female ratio was 1∶1.5 （3, 938 males vs. 5, 916 females）, with a broad spectrum of ages at onset （1-95 years, median age 47 years）. Occupational distribution was dominated by farmers （30.85%）, self-employed individuals （23.90%）, and office workers （11.71%）. （2）Spatiotemporal trends: The number of reported cases of head and neck malignant tumors in Yunnan Province increased annually, forming a high-risk dual-core pattern centered on Kunming and Pu'er cities （RR>1.25）. （3） Ethno-geographic features: Among ethnic minorities, the top five in terms of patient numbers were mountain-dwelling minorities: Yi, Hani, Hui, Bai, and Mongol. （4） Environmental gradient effects: The number of reported cases of head and neck malignant tumors showed a decreasing trend with increasing altitude, but an increasing trend with increasing latitude. Conclusion This study initially reveals the epidemiological characteristics of head and neck malignancies in Yunnan Province. These findings provide an important basis for the precise prevention and control of head and neck malignancies in Yunnan Province.
2026,
47(3):
66-72.
doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260307
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of interferon-γ （ IFN-γ ） release assay （ IGRA ） combined with real-time fluorescence quantitative nucleic acid amplification assay （ Xpert MTB / RIF ） in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in AIDS patients with low CD4+T lymphocyte counts. Methods A total of 140 AIDS patients with low CD4+T counts admitted to Hengshui Second People's Hospital from January 2023 to January 2025 were selected as the research subjects. Based on PTB status, patients were divided into a non-tuberculosis group （26 cases without tuberculosis）, a bacteria-negative group （68 cases with bacteria-negative tuberculosis）, and a bacteria-positive group （46 cases with bacteria-positive tuberculosis）. Blood IFN-γ levels were compared among the three groups, and the detection rates of IGRA, Xpert MTB/RIF, and their combination were analyzed. Baseline characteristics were compared between IGRA-negative and IGRA-positive patients. Patients were further stratified into three subgroups based on CD4+ T-cell count: <50 cells/μL, 50～99 cells/μL, and 100～199 cells/μL. Detection rates of the three diagnostic strategies were compared across subgroups. Agreement between each diagnostic strategy and the final clinical diagnosis was assessed. ROC curve was used to analyze the diagnostic value of each strategy for patients with different CD4+T lymphocyte count levels. Results The detection rates of IGRA, Xpert MTB/RIF and their combination were significantly lower in the non-TB group compared to those in the negative bacteria group and the positive bacteria group （P < 0.05）. The mycobacterial culture positivity rate was higher in the positive bacteria group than that in the non-tuberculosis group and the negative group （P < 0.05）. Among the 68 patients with negative pulmonary tuberculosis, 68 （100.00%） had positive pathological findings. The IGRA-positive group was younger （P < 0.05） and had a higher proportion of patients with symptom duration <1 month compared to the IGRA-negative group （P < 0.05）. The detection rates of IGRA, Xpert MTB/RIF and their combination were significantly lower in the <50 cells/μL subgroup compared to the 50～99 cells/μL and 100～199 cells/μL subgroups（P < 0.05）. In AIDS patients with PTB and CD4+ T-cell counts of 50～99 cells/μL or 100～199 cells/μL, all three diagnostic strategies showed good agreement with the clinical diagnosis （Kappa ≥ 0.75）. For patients with counts <50 cells/μL, agreement was moderate （0.4 ≤ Kappa < 0.75）. Conclusion The diagnostic accuracy of IGRA combined with Xpert MTB/RIF may be superior to either test alone. Diagnostic accuracy decreases with declining CD4+ T-cell counts, yet the combined approach may retain a relative advantage.
2026,
47(3):
73-79.
doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260308
Abstract:
Objective To explore the effects of lower limb robot-assisted training combined with exercise therapy on the exercise endurance, cognitive function and limb function in stroke patients with spastic hemiplegia. Methods A total of 110 stroke patients with spastic paralysis of the lower extremities admitted to Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2023 to January 2025 were selected and divided into a conventional group （n = 55） and a combined group （n = 55） by the random number table method. The conventional group received conventional rehabilitation treatment, while the combined group received a modified regimen on the basis of conventional rehabilitation treatment, where part of the exercise therapy was replaced by lower limb robot-assisted training combined with exercise therapy. The 6-Minute Walk Test （6MWT） was used to evaluate the changes in patients' exercise endurance. Peak Oxygen Uptake （VO2peak） and Anaerobic Threshold （Anaerobic threshold, AT） were determined by cardiopulmonary exercise test; The Modified Ashworth Scale （MAS） was used to evaluate the degree of lower extremity muscle spasm in patients. The Berg Balance Scale （BBS） was used to assess the balance ability of patients. The Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale （FMA） was used to evaluate the motor function of patients. Neurological deficit severity was measured with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale （NIHSS）.The Montreal Cognitive Assessment （MoCA） was used to evaluate the cognitive function of patients. Activities of daily living were evaluated using the Modified Barthel Index （MBI）. The Modified Barthel Index （MBI） assesses the daily living ability of patients. A self-made satisfaction questionnaire was used to evaluate patients' subjective feelings about the treatment process and effect. Results After treatment, the Combined Group showed significantly higher values in 6MWT, VO2peak and AT compared to the conventional group （P < 0.05）; the improvement in MAS in the combined group was greater than that in the conventional group （P < 0.05）; both BBS and FMA scores were significantly elevated in the combined group relative to the conventional group （P < 0.05）; the NIHSS scores in the combined group were lower than that in the conventional group, and the MoCA scores were higher than that in the conventional group （P < 0.05）; the MBI in the combined group was higher than that in the conventional group （P < 0.05）; The satisfaction rate of patients in the combined group was higher than that in the conventional group （P < 0.05）. Conclusion Lower limb robot-assisted training combined with exercise therapy can effectively improve the exercise endurance, cognitive function and limb function of patients with spastic hemiplegia after stroke.
2026,
47(3):
80-87.
doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260309
Abstract:
Objective To predict risk factors for primary aldosteronism （PA） in a hypertensive population using Logistic regression and decision tree models. Methods A case group of 118 patients diagnosed with PA and a control group of 113 patients diagnosed with essential hypertension after secondary hypertension screening were enrolled from the Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital of Yunnan Province between January and November 2024. Logistic regression and decision tree prediction models were established, and the predictive performance of the two models was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curve. Result The Logistic regression prediction model was: Logit（P） = 2.162 × （comorbid obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome, OSAHS） − 0.145 × age − 2.140 × serum potassium + 0.429 × plasma aldosterone concentration （recumbent） − 1.591 × direct renin concentration （recumbent） + 0.435 × plasma aldosterone concentration （upright） − 0.150 × direct renin concentration （upright）. Decision tree analysis screened out four risk variables. Factors associated with PA, in order of importance, were: aldosterone-to-renin concentration ratio（ARR）（upright）（P < 0.001）, plasma aldosterone concentration （upright）（P = 0.001）, comorbid OSAHS（P = 0.001）, and plasma aldosterone concentration （recumbent）（P = 0.036）. Conclusion Based on the predictions from both the Logistic regression and decision tree models, comorbid OSAHS, plasma aldosterone concentration （upright）, and plasma aldosterone concentration （recumbent） can be identified as independent risk factors for PA; while age, serum potassium, direct renin concentration （recumbent）, and direct renin concentration （upright））are protective factors. For individuals with comorbid OSAHS and a plasma aldosterone concentration （recumbent） > 10.200 ng/dL, setting the ARR cut-off point at 3.300 （ng/dL）/（μIU/mL） may help reduce the clinical missed diagnosis rate of PA.
2026,
47(3):
88-94.
doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260310
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the correlation between sleep quality and anxiety symptoms in young adults with chronic low back pain （CLBP）, and to analyze the moderating effect of pain frequency in the sleep-anxiety relationship. Methods A cross-sectional study design was employed, and a questionnaire survey was conducted among 150 young CLBP patients （aged 18 ～ 44 years） who attended the Rehabilitation Medicine Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from September 2024 to May 2025. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI）, while anxiety levels were measured with the Self-rating Anxiety Scale （SAS）. Statistical analyses included non-parametric tests, Spearman correlation analysis, and Process macro （version 4.2）. Results A significantly positive correlation was demonstrated between the total PSQI score and the total SAS score （rs = 0.385, P < 0.001）. Low back pain frequency demonstrated significantly positive correlations with both the PSQI total score （rs = 0.399） and the sleep disturbance dimension （rs = 0.490, P < 0.001）. No statistically significant differences in sleep or anxiety were found based on gender or age （P > 0.05）. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that the interaction term between PSQI and low back pain frequency had a significant positive predictive effect on SAS （β = 0.133, P < 0.05）. PSQI scores significantly predicted SAS scores across different levels of low back pain frequency （95% CI did not include 0）. Conclusion Sleep quality is correlated with anxiety in young adults with CLBP, and pain frequency plays a moderating role in the sleep-anxiety relationship. Increased frequency of low back pain may exacerbate sleep problems, thereby contributing to anxiety.
2026,
47(3):
95-104.
doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260311
Abstract:
Objective To explore the effect of semaglutide on serum levels of Interleukin-27 （IL-27） and Transcription Factor EB （TFEB） in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus complicated by Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the relationship between these effects and therapeutic outcomes. Methods A total of 170 patients with T2DM complicated with NAFLD admitted to Shenzhen Longgang Central Hospital from June 2022 to June 2024 were enrolled and divided into a control group （n = 85） and a study group （n = 85）. Both groups received conventional treatment, and the study group was additionally treated with semaglutide. Levels of fasting plasma glucose （FPG）, 2-hour postprandial glucose （2 h PG）, glycosylated hemoglobin （HbA1c）, total cholesterol （TC）, aspartate aminotransferase （AST）, triglyceride （TG）, alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）, gamma-glutamyl transferase （γ-GT）, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）, IL-27 and TFEB were measured before and after treatment. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance （HOMA-IR）, fibrosis-4 index （FIB-4） and aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index （APRI） were calculated. Liver fat content, liver stiffness measurement （LSM） and controlled attenuation parameter （CAP） were detected by imaging examinations before and after treatment, and the CT liver-spleen density ratio was calculated. Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses were performed to evaluate the correlations between IL-27, TFEB levels and other measured indices. Results After treatment, body mass index （BMI）, body weight, waist-to-hip ratio, visceral fat area, liver stiffness and CAP decreased significantly in both groups, while the CT liver-spleen density ratio increased, with more significant changes observed in the study group than those in the control group （P < 0.05）. The levels of FPG, HOMA-IR, 2 h PG and HbA1c decreased in both groups, and the levels in the study group were lower than those in the control group （P < 0.05）. The levels of LDL-C, TC and TG decreased, whereas HDL-C level increased in both groups, and the changes in the study group were more obvious than those in the control group （P < 0.05）. Levels of FIB-4, APRI, ALT, AST and γ-GT decreased in both groups, with lower levels in the study group （P < 0.05）. Levels of IL-27 and TFEB increased in both groups, with higher levels in the study group （P < 0.05）. The total effective rate was higher in the study group compared to the control group （P < 0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups （11.76% vs 21.18%, P > 0.05）. Conclusion Semaglutide treatment effectively improves blood glucose, blood lipid, liver function indexes, and levels of IL-27 and TFEB in patients with T2DM complicated with NAFLD. The levels of IL-27 and TFEB may be correlated with the therapeutic efficacy of semaglutide in the treatment of NAFLD.
2026,
47(3):
105-113.
doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260312
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the relationship between serum β2-microglobulin （β2-microglobulin, β2-MG）, 1, 5-anhydro-D-sorbitol （1, 5-Anhydroglucitol, 1, 5-AG）, glucagon-like peptide-1 （glucagon-like peptide-1, GLP-1） and pancreatic islet function in patients with diabetes mellitus （diabetes mellitus, DM）, and to explore the predictive value of these indicators for comorbid cognitive impairment （cognition impairment, CI） in DM patients. Methods A total of 206 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus （type 2 diabetes, T2DM） admitted to Jin Niu Hospital of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from August 2020 to August 2024 were prospectively selected as the T2DM group. According to the presence of CI, they were further divided into a CI group （n = 62） and a non-CI （N-CI） group （n = 144）. Another 206 healthy volunteers undergoing physical examinations during the same period were selected as the normal control （NC） group. Serum levels of β2-MG, 1, 5-AG, and GLP-1 were measured. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between serum levels of β2-MG, 1, 5-AG, GLP-1 and pancreatic islet function indicators. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to identify influencing factors for comorbid CI in T2DM patients. The predictive value of serum β2-MG, 1, 5-AG, and GLP-1 levels for comorbid CI in T2DM patients were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves. Results Compared with the NC group, the T2DM group showed increased levels of FPG, 2hPG, HbA1c, FINS, HOMA-IR, and β2-MG, and decreased levels of HOMA-β, 1, 5-AG, and GLP-1 （P < 0.05）. Serum β2-MG levels were positively correlated with FPG, 2hPG, HbA1c, FINS, and HOMA-IR, and negatively correlated with HOMA-β （P < 0.05）, while 1, 5-AG and GLP-1 showed opposite correlations （P < 0.05）. Compared with the N-CI group, the CI group had fewer years of education and lower serum levels of 1, 5-AG and GLP-1, but longer T2DM duration and higher β2-MG levels （P < 0.05）. After adjusting for years of education, Fazekas' total score and T2DM duration, β2-MG, 1, 5-AG, and GLP-1 remained independent influencing factors for comorbid CI in T2DM patients （P < 0.05）. The area under the curve （AUC） for the combined prediction of comorbid CI in T2DM patients using serum β2-MG, 1, 5-AG, and GLP-1 levels （0.968） was significantly higher than that of any single indicator （0.817, 0.845, 0.840） （P < 0.05）. Internal validation indicated good model fit （Hosmer-Lemeshow test: χ2 = 4.554, P = 0.804）, with predicted probabilities consistent with actual outcomes. The DCA curve showed that the combined detection model provided higher net benefit within the threshold probability range of 0.04 to 0.96. Conclusion T2DM patients exhibit elevated serum β2-MG levels and decreased 1, 5-AG and GLP-1 levels, which are closely associated with islet function and CI. The combined detection of these markers demonstrates high predictive efficacy for comorbid CI in T2DM patients.
2026,
47(3):
114-122.
doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260313
Abstract:
Objective To explore the levels of heat shock protein 27 （HSP27）, chemokine ligand 22 （CCL22）, and soluble T cell immunoglobulin mucin molecule-1 （sTim-3） in the serum of periodontitis patients, analyze their correlation with periodontal clinical indicators and prognosis, and test the predictive efficacy of each biomarker individually and in combination for prognosis. Methods A total of 422 patients with periodontitis admitted to Beijing Aerospace General Hospital from April 2021 to April 2025 were selected, and 415 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations during the same period were chosen as the control group. Serum and gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） samples were collected from both groups at baseline and at the 6-month follow-up. Levels of HSP27, CCL22, and sTim-3 were measured in serum and GCF. Periodontal parameters, including bleeding index （BI）, gingival index （GI）, attachment loss （AL）, and probing depth （PD）, were recorded concurrently. Differences in these indicators between the two groups were compared, and the correlation between serum and GCF levels of HSP27, CCL22, and sTim-3 was analyzed. The characteristics of HSP27, CCL22, and sTim-3 changes were compared between periodontitis patients with different prognoses. Receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves were plotted, and the area under the curve （AUC） was calculated to evaluate the predictive value of changes in each indicator for an unfavorable prognosis. Results At baseline and 6-month follow-up, the levels of HSP27, CCL22, and sTim-3 in serum and GCF were significantly higher in the periodontitis group than in the healthy group（P < 0.05）; After 6 months of treatment, the levels of serum and GCF indicators in the periodontitis group significantly decreased compared to baseline（P < 0.05）, while there were no significant differences in various indicators before and after follow-up in the healthy group（P > 0.05）. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the levels of HSP27, CCL22, and sTim-3 in the serum and GCF of patients with periodontitis were significantly positively correlated at both baseline and 6-month follow-up（P < 0.05）. The serum levels of HSP27, CCL22, and sTim-3 in the poor prognosis group were higher than those in the good prognosis group at both baseline and the 6-month follow-up, and the magnitude of post-treatment change in these indicators was significantly lower than those in the good prognosis group（P < 0.05）. ROC curve analysis showed that the changes in HSP27, CCL22, and sTim-3 each had good predictive value for a poor prognosis in periodontitis patients. The AUC of the combined prediction of the three indicators was 0.925, significantly higher than that of a single indicator（P < 0.05）. Conclusion Serum HSP27, CCL22, and sTim-3 are important biological markers for the prognosis of periodontitis. Combined detection of these three markers has significant clinical value for prognostic assessment in periodontitis patients.
2026,
47(3):
123-132.
doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260314
Abstract:
Objective To analyze the expression levels of tissue-type plasminogen activator （t-PA）, tenascin C （TN-C） and caveolin-1 （Cav-1） in patients with different clinical outcomes after decompressive craniectomy for massive cerebral infarction. Methods A total of 184 patients scheduled for decompressive craniectomy due to massive cerebral infarction at Beijing Chaoyang Emergency Medical Center for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from January 2021 to October 2024 were selected as the research objects. According to the outcomes of the disease 3 months after operation, they were divided into a poor outcome group （n = 58） and a good outcome group （n = 126）. Baseline data [glasgow coma scale （GCS）, national Institute of Health stroke scale （NIHSS）score, etc.], the levels of t-PA, TN-C and Cav-1 at 24 h and 3 d after operation and their change values were compared between the two groups. Multivariate Logistic regression equation was used to analyze the effect of perioperative changes in t-PA, TN-C and Cav-1 on the outcome of the disease. Receiver operating characteristic curve （ROC） was used to analyze the value of perioperative changes of t-PA, TN-C and Cav-1 in predicting the outcome of the disease. Results The preoperative GCS score of the poor group was lower than that of the good group, and the preoperative NIHSS score was higher than that of the good group （P < 0.05）. The △t-PA, △TN-C and △Cav-1 values 24 hours and 3 days postoperatively were lower in the poor outcome group than those in the good group （all P < 0.05）. Multivariate analysis showed that after adjusting for GCS score and NIHSS score, the △t-PA, △TN-C and △Cav-1 values 24 hours and 3 days operation were still related factors affecting the outcome of large area cerebral infarction after decompressive craniectomy （ all P < 0.05）. ROC analysis demonstrated that the area under the curve （AUC） for predicting outcome was greater for the biomarker changes measured at 3 days postoperatively compared to those at 24 hours, indicating higher predictive value. Specifically, the combined AUC for ∆t-PA + ∆TN-C + ∆Cav-1 at 3 days postoperatively was 0.960, which was significantly higher than the combined AUC for the 24-hour measurements （Z = 2.735, P = 0.044）, showing superior value in predicting poor clinical outcomes with a sensitivity of 91.38% and a specificity of 90.48%. Conclusion The expression levels of t-PA, TN-C and Cav-1 in patients with different disease outcomes after decompressive craniectomy for massive cerebral infarction are significantly different. Combined detection of the changes in these three biomarkers, particularly at 3 days after operation has a higher predictive value for clinical outcome.
2026,
47(3):
133-142.
doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260315
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the expression of keratin 17 （KRT17）, Stomatin-like protein 2 （STOML2） and micrornA-196A （miR-196a） in cervical lesion tissues and to evaluate their value in the pathological evaluation of cervical cancer. Methods Retrospectively included in this study were the cervical tissues of 206 patients admitted to Jinan Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2022 to January 2024, including 98 cases of cervical cancer, 65 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia Ⅲ(CIN Ⅲ), and 43 cases of normal tissues. Expression levels of KRT17 mRNA, STOML2 mRNA, and miR-196a were detected by RT-qPCR, and their associations with clinicopathological characteristics of cervical cancer were analyzed. One-year outcomes were followed up in cervical cancer patients. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify prognostic factors. Receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive performance of single and combined indicators. In addition, Western blot analysis was conducted to validate the phosphorylation levels of key proteins involved in STOML2-related signaling pathways. Results Expression levels of KRT17 mRNA, STOML2 mRNA, and miR-196a showed a progressive increasing trend from the control group to the CIN Ⅲ group and the cervical cancer group （P < 0.05）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that, after adjustment for potential confounding factors, the expression levels of all three molecules were independent factors associated with the grade of cervical lesions. Specifically, elevated expression of KRT17 mRNA （OR = 2.42, 95%CI: 1.61～3.66, P < 0.001）, STOML2 mRNA （OR = 2.19, 95%CI: 1.39～3.46, P = 0.001）, and miR-196a （OR = 2.76, 95%CI: 1.65～4.32, P < 0.001） was significantly associated with higher lesion grades. High expression levels of KRT17 mRNA, STOML2 mRNA, and miR-196a in cervical cancer tissues were correlated with TNM stage, degree of differentiation, and lymph node metastasis （P < 0.05）. Among the 98 cervical cancer patients, 17 deaths （17.35%） were recorded during the 1-year follow-up. Cox regression analysis identified TNM stage III, poor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and high expression of KRT17 mRNA, STOML2 mRNA, and miR-196a in cancer tissues as independent risk factors for mortality （P < 0.05）. The combined detection of KRT17 mRNA, STOML2 mRNA, and miR-196a in cancer tissues demonstrated good prognostic performance for cervical cancer, with an area under the ROC curve （AUC） of 0.873, a sensitivity of 61.73%, and a specificity of 99.06%. Western blot analysis further indicated that downregulation of STOML2 inhibited the phosphorylation levels of NF-κB pathway–related proteins. Conclusion KRT17, STOML2, and miR-196a are highly expressed in cervical cancer tissues and are associated with poor prognosis. They collaboratively promote tumor progression through the AKT/mTOR and NF-κB signaling pathways. Combined detection of the three markers can improve the prognostic prediction accuracy in cervical cancer patients, indicating potential clinical translational value.
2026,
47(3):
143-150.
doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260316
Abstract:
Objective To assess the two-year efficacy and safety of enzyme replacement therapy （ERT） in a Fabry disease （FD） pedigree carrying the c.167G>A mutation. Methods Clinical data of four patients from a FD pedigree carrying the c.167G>A （p.Cys56Tyr） mutation in Yunnan province, between September 2022 and October 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. A comprehensive efficacy assessment was performed by comparing plasmaα-galactosidase A （α-GalA） activity, lyso-globotriaosylsphingosine （Lyso-GL-3） levels, cardiac/hepatic/renal function indices, Mainz Severity Score Index （MSSI）, and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey （SF-36） scores before and after two years of ERT. Results Following ERT, plasma Lyso-GL-3 levels and α-GalA activity decreased by 62.6% and 27.9%, respectively. Cardiac parameters showed improvement: left ventricular posterior wall thickness （LVPWT）, left ventricular mass index （LVMI） and the heart failure marker N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP） decreased, while left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） improved. Hepatic and renal function indices remained stable. The total MSSI score significantly decreased, and all domain scores of the SF-36 significantly increased, indicating reduced disease severity and enhanced quality of life. One patient experienced lower limb edema, which resolved with symptomatic treatment; with no serious adverse events reported. Conclusion ERT effectively reduces plasma Lyso-GL-3 levels and improve clinical symptoms in FD pedigree patients carrying the c.167G>A mutation.
2026,
47(3):
151-162.
doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260317
Abstract:
Preeclampsia （PE） is a pregnancy complication with an unclear etiology, posing a serious threat to maternal and fetal health. It currently lacks effective methods for early prediction and prevention. This review systematically summarizes the latest research advances concerning three categories of non-coding RNAs （ncRNAs）: microRNAs （miRNAs）, long non-coding RNAs （lncRNAs）, and circular RNAs （circRNAs）. It focuses on elucidating the specific mechanisms by which these ncRNAs drive the pathogenesis of PE through complex regulatory networks. These networks impact multiple critical pathological processes, including trophoblast function, placental vascular remodeling, maternal-fetal interface immune inflammation, and oxidative stress. Additionally, the review highlights the significant clinical application potential of ncRNAs as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. It also explores the major challenges in current clinical translation and future research directions, aiming to provide theoretical foundations and innovative insights for the precise prevention, diagnosis, and management of PE.
Preeclampsia （PE） is a pregnancy complication with an unclear etiology, posing a serious threat to maternal and fetal health. It currently lacks effective methods for early prediction and prevention. This review systematically summarizes the latest research advances concerning three categories of non-coding RNAs （ncRNAs）: microRNAs （miRNAs）, long non-coding RNAs （lncRNAs）, and circular RNAs （circRNAs）. It focuses on elucidating the specific mechanisms by which these ncRNAs drive the pathogenesis of PE through complex regulatory networks. These networks impact multiple critical pathological processes, including trophoblast function, placental vascular remodeling, maternal-fetal interface immune inflammation, and oxidative stress. Additionally, the review highlights the significant clinical application potential of ncRNAs as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. It also explores the major challenges in current clinical translation and future research directions, aiming to provide theoretical foundations and innovative insights for the precise prevention, diagnosis, and management of PE.
2026,
47(3):
163-170.
doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260318
Abstract:
Acute coronary syndrome （ACS） represent a group of acute cardiac ischemic conditions resulting from the rupture or erosion of unstable atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary arteries, leading to fresh thrombus formation. In recent years, biomarkers based on the coagulation-inflammation pathway, such as plasma D-dimer/fibrinogen ratio （DFR） and fibrinogen/albumin ratio （FAR）, have become a hot research topic for predicting the severity of coronary artery disease. This is due to their close correlation with plaque stability, thrombotic burden, and microvascular dysfunction. This review systematically summarizes the mechanism and clinical application value of DFR and FAR in the assessment of coronary lesions in patients with ACS. It highlights the significant roles of DFR and FAR in evaluating the severity of coronary lesions, facilitating the formulation of appropriate treatment strategies, and potentially improving patient prognosis.
Acute coronary syndrome （ACS） represent a group of acute cardiac ischemic conditions resulting from the rupture or erosion of unstable atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary arteries, leading to fresh thrombus formation. In recent years, biomarkers based on the coagulation-inflammation pathway, such as plasma D-dimer/fibrinogen ratio （DFR） and fibrinogen/albumin ratio （FAR）, have become a hot research topic for predicting the severity of coronary artery disease. This is due to their close correlation with plaque stability, thrombotic burden, and microvascular dysfunction. This review systematically summarizes the mechanism and clinical application value of DFR and FAR in the assessment of coronary lesions in patients with ACS. It highlights the significant roles of DFR and FAR in evaluating the severity of coronary lesions, facilitating the formulation of appropriate treatment strategies, and potentially improving patient prognosis.
2026,
47(3):
171-180.
doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260319
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of a Temporal Self-Regulation Theory （TST）-guided nursing program in the perioperative period of Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy （HAIC）. Methods Using convenience sampling, 121 HAIC patients admitted to the Minimally Invasive Intervention Department of a tertiary hospital in Yunnan Province （December 2024 - August 2025） were enrolled. Participants were divided into a control group （n = 60） receiving routine care and an intervention group （n = 61） receiving routine care plus the TST-guided program. Health-promoting behaviors, adverse reaction incidence, comfort, and quality of life during the perioperative period were compared between the two groups. Results The intervention group demonstrated significantly higher total scores on the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II （HPLP-II R） compared to the control group （t =-10.448, P < 0.001）. Dimension analysis revealed that, except for the interpersonal relations dimension, scores for health responsibility （t =-6.321）, stress management（t = -6.957）, nutrition （t =-6.887）, physical activity （t =-3.678）, and spiritual growth （t =-8.989） were significantly higher in the intervention group （all P < 0.001）. Postoperatively, the intervention group had a significantly lower incidence of adverse reactions （χ2 = 4.774, P < 0.05）. Furthermore, the intervention group reported significantly higher comfort levels （ GCQ total score; t = -8.429, P < 0.001） and significantly better quality of life （EORTC QLQ-C30 total score; t = 4.874, P < 0.001） than the control group. Conclusion The TST-guided nursing program effectively enhances perioperative health-promoting behaviors, reduces adverse reactions, and improves both comfort and quality of life in patients undergoing HAIC during the perioperative period.
