Leukocyte Ratios and Nutritional Indicators for Evaluating Clinical Outcomes in AECOPD Patients

Caiwan XU; Huiling YE; Ping YAN; Xianyun HOU; Changming WANG

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Caiwan XU, Huiling YE, Ping YAN, Xianyun HOU, Changming WANG. Leukocyte Ratios and Nutritional Indicators for Evaluating Clinical Outcomes in AECOPD Patients[J]. Journal of Kunming Medical University.

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Caiwan XU, Huiling YE, Ping YAN, Xianyun HOU, Changming WANG. Leukocyte Ratios and Nutritional Indicators for Evaluating Clinical Outcomes in AECOPD Patients[J]. Journal of Kunming Medical University.

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Leukocyte Ratios and Nutritional Indicators for Evaluating Clinical Outcomes in AECOPD Patients

1.
Department of Respiratory Medicine，Nansha District People's Hospital，Guangzhou Guangzhou Guangdong 511470
2.
Department of General Medicine，The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong 510120，China

Received Date: 2026-03-05

Abstract

Abstract

Objective To explore the correlation between leukocyte ratios and nutritional indicators at admission in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （AECOPD）, and their association with patient clinical outcomes and short-term prognosis. Methods A total of 82 patients with AECOPD admitted to Nansha District People's Hospital of Guangzhou from January 2022 to December 2024 （AECOPD group） and 82 patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （SCOPD） who had been hospitalized for AECOPD at the same hospital and had baseline stability for ≥8 weeks （SCOPD group） were selected as controls. General data, pulmonary function, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio （NLR）, platelet-lymphocyte ratio （PLR）, serum albumin （ALB）, and prealbumin （PA） levels at admission were collected and compared between the two groups. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlations between indicators, and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent factors affecting the clinical outcomes and short-term prognosis of AECOPD patients. Results There was no statistically significant difference in the baseline data between the two groups （P > 0.05）. FEV1/FVC （53.87 ± 8.96） and FEV1 （% pred） in the AECOPD group were lower than those in the SCOPD group （57.34 ± 7.25 and 51.15 ± 10.48 % pred）, while age （68.76 ± 7.24 years） was higher than in the SCOPD group （65.38 ± 7.19 years）, with statistically significant differences between groups （P < 0.05）. NLR （5.14 ± 1.15） and PLR （152.74 ± 20.39） in the AECOPD group were higher than in the SCOPD group （3.20 ± 0.73 and 127.38 ± 14.22）, while ALB （32.18 ± 6.04） g/L and PA （167.47 ± 36.29） mg/L were lower than in the SCOPD group （37.45 ± 5.12 g/L and 180.36 ± 38.18 mg/L）, with statistically significant differences between groups （P<0.05）. Correlation analysis showed that NLR was negatively correlated with ALB （r = -0.443, P < 0.05） and PA （r = -0.157, P < 0.05）, and PLR was negatively correlated with ALB （r = -0.379, P < 0.05） and PA （r = -0.263, P < 0.05）. Prior to multivariate logistic regression analysis, collinearity diagnosis of the included independent variables （age, NLR, PLR, ALB, PA） was performed using the variance inflation factor （VIF）. The results showed that all variables had VIF values <3（NLR: 2.13, PLR: 2.28, age: 1.42, ALB: 1.35, PA: 1.28）, suggesting no significant multicollinearity issues. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age （OR = 2.449, 95%CI: 1.385 ～ 4.327）, NLR （OR = 2.066, 95%CI: 1.156 ～ 3.693）, and PLR （OR = 2.233, 95%CI: 1.211 ～ 4.120） were independent risk factors for poor outcomes, while ALB （OR =0.409, 95%CI: 0.281 ～ 0.595） and PA （OR = 0.472, 95%CI: 0.423 ～ 0.526） were protective factors for good outcomes. Age （OR = 2.370, 95%CI: 1.351 ～ 4.158）, NLR （OR = 2.574, 95%CI: 1.153 ～ 5.750）, and PLR （OR = 2.959, 95%CI: 1.134 ～ 7.721） were risk factors for short-term prognosis, while ALB （OR =0.418, 95%CI: 0.276 ～ 0.632） and PA （OR = 0.453, 95%CI: 0.404 ～ 0.507） were protective factors for short-term prognosis. Conclusion At admission, AECOPD patients demonstrated significantly elevated NLR and PLR levels and significantly decreased ALB and PA levels, with inflammatory markers negatively correlated with nutritional indicators. NLR and PLR are independent risk factors for poor outcomes and adverse short-term prognosis in AECOPD patients, while ALB and PA are protective factors for good clinical outcomes.
- Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,
- Leukocyte ratios,
- Nutritional indicators,
- Clinical outcomes,
- Short-term prognosis

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