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Hua LIU, Yalin YANG, Jin XU, Jianhe LIU. Advances and Challenges of Near-infrared Fluorescence Imaging in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Bladder Cancer[J]. Journal of Kunming Medical University.
Citation: Hua LIU, Yalin YANG, Jin XU, Jianhe LIU. Advances and Challenges of Near-infrared Fluorescence Imaging in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Bladder Cancer[J]. Journal of Kunming Medical University.
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Advances and Challenges of Near-infrared Fluorescence Imaging in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Bladder Cancer

  • Department of Urology，The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University，Kunming Yunnan 650101，China

  • Received Date: 2026-04-07
    Available Online: 2026-04-26
    Abstract
  • Bladder cancer （BCa） is a common malignancy of the urinary system, and early precise diagnosis and treatment are essential for improving prognosis. Near-infrared fluorescence imaging （NIR）, with low background interference, high signal-to-noise ratio, and real-time imaging capability, has shown promising potential in bladder cancer management. This review summarizes recent advances in NIR imaging for bladder cancer, focusing on the design of targeted fluorescent probes and their applications in tumor detection, margin delineation, and lymph node localization, as well as their value in transurethral surgery and related procedures. Current challenges, including limited tissue penetration, inconsistency in signal quantification, and insufficient clinical standardization, are also discussed. In addition, future directions involving photothermal/photodynamic therapy, multimodal imaging, and artificial intelligence are highlighted. This review may provide a reference for further research and clinical translation of NIR imaging in bladder cancer.
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