Expression of PSMB5 in Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma and Its Clinicopathological Significance

Runlin FENG; Yanping TAO; Ziran MA

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Runlin FENG, Yanping TAO, Ziran MA. Expression of PSMB5 in Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma and Its Clinicopathological Significance[J]. Journal of Kunming Medical University.

Citation:

Runlin FENG, Yanping TAO, Ziran MA. Expression of PSMB5 in Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma and Its Clinicopathological Significance[J]. Journal of Kunming Medical University.

Runlin FENG, Yanping TAO, Ziran MA. Expression of PSMB5 in Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma and Its Clinicopathological Significance[J]. Journal of Kunming Medical University.

Citation:

Runlin FENG, Yanping TAO, Ziran MA. Expression of PSMB5 in Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma and Its Clinicopathological Significance[J]. Journal of Kunming Medical University.

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Expression of PSMB5 in Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma and Its Clinicopathological Significance

1.
Department of Pathology，The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University，Kunming Yunnan 650101
2.
Department of Emergency Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital of Kunming, Kunming Yunnan 650000
3.
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming Yunnan 650118, China

Received Date: 2026-06-10

Abstract

Abstract

Objective To investigate PSMB5 expression in bladder urothelial carcinoma and its clinicopathological significance. Methods The TCGA-BLCA cohort comprising 414 tumor tissues and 19 adjacent/normal bladder tissues was included, of which 19 pairs were matched samples. Expression levels were uniformly converted to TPM and then transformed as log2（TPM+1）. Receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve analysis, the Kaplan–Meier method, and univariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the exploratory discriminatory ability and prognostic associations of PSMB5, and GO, KEGG, and GSEA enrichment analyses were performed. In addition, 61 patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma who underwent radical cystectomy at The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University between January 2020 and December 2023 were retrospectively included. PSMB5 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Patients were stratified using a median modified H-score of 140 as the cutoff, and the relationships between PSMB5 expression and clinicopathological characteristics and follow-up outcomes were analyzed. Results TCGA analysis showed that PSMB5 mRNA expression was higher in tumor tissues than in adjacent/normal tissues, with an ROC curve AUC of 0.837 （95%CI: 0.759～0.915）. The optimal cutoff value, determined by maximizing the Youden index, was 7.4516 [log2（TPM+1）], corresponding to a sensitivity of 86.2% （95% CI: 82.5%～89.2%） and a specificity of 84.2% （95%CI: 62.4%～94.5%）. High PSMB5 expression was associated with pathological stage, treatment response, histological grade, tumor subtype, overall survival, and disease-specific survival events （all P < 0.05）. Univariable Cox analysis showed an association between high PSMB5 expression and poor overall survival （HR = 1.526, 95%CI: 1.135～2.051）. The median follow-up of the institutional cohort was 44 months （range, 27～68 months）; 31 cases showed high expression and 30 showed low expression. High PSMB5 expression was associated with high histological grade, pN/pM stage, AJCC stage III/IV, perineural invasion, tumor necrosis, recurrence, progression/metastasis, and death events （all P < 0.05）. After stratification by non-muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive disease, the difference was not statistically significant （P = 0.369）. Exploratory functional enrichment and GSEA results suggested associations of PSMB5-related genes with proteasome- and Wnt-related pathways. Conclusion PSMB5 expression is elevated in bladder urothelial carcinoma and is associated with certain aggressive clinicopathological features and adverse outcome events. Its independent prognostic value and relationship with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway require further validation.
- Bladder urothelial carcinoma,
- PSMB5,
- Immunohistochemistry,
- Clinicopathological features,
- Prognosis,
- Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway

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