Correlation Between Serum NF-κB，S1P1，and SOCS3 Levels and Disease Severity in Children with Bacterial Infectious Pneumonia，and Their Prognostic Predictive Value

Mengjiao ZHAO; Yanni JU

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Mengjiao ZHAO, Yanni JU. Correlation Between Serum NF-κB，S1P1，and SOCS3 Levels and Disease Severity in Children with Bacterial Infectious Pneumonia，and Their Prognostic Predictive Value[J]. Journal of Kunming Medical University.

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Correlation Between Serum NF-κB，S1P1，and SOCS3 Levels and Disease Severity in Children with Bacterial Infectious Pneumonia，and Their Prognostic Predictive Value

Mengjiao ZHAO,
Yanni JU^,

Department of Pediatrics，Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital，Xi’an，Shaanxi 710100，China

Received Date: 2025-11-05
Available Online: 2026-01-20

Abstract

Abstract

Objective To investigate the correlation between serum nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB）, sphingosine-1-phosphate 1 （S1P1）, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 （SOCS3） levels and disease severity in children with bacterial infectious pneumonia, and to evaluate their predictive value for patient prognosis. Methods A total of 200 children with bacterial infectious pneumonia admitted to Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital from January 2022 to December 2024 were enrolled and divided into mild pneumonia group （n=120） and severe pneumonia group （n=80）. Additionally, 120 healthy children from routine physical examinations served as the control group. Serum levels of NF-κB, S1P1, and SOCS3 in all three groups were detected using ELISA. Spearman and Pearson correlation analyses were performed to assess the correlations between these markers and disease indicators and clinical parameters. Children with bacterial infectious pneumonia were followed up for 6 months and categorized into favorable prognosis group （n = 131） and unfavorable prognosis group （n = 69）. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for poor prognosis. ROC curves were employed to evaluate the predictive value of serum NF-κB, S1P1, and SOCS3 levels for prognosis. Decision curve analysis （DCA） was used to assess the clinical net benefit of these biomarkers. Results Serum NF-κB, SOCS3, C-reactive protein （CRP）, white blood cell count （WBC）, and clinical pulmonary infection score （CPIS） in both mild and severe pneumonia groups were higher than in the control group, while S1P1, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were lower than in the control group （P < 0.05）. Serum NF-κB, SOCS3, CRP, WBC, and CPIS scores in the severe group were higher than in the mild group, S1P1 was lower, and heart rate was higher than in both the control and mild groups （P < 0.05）. Disease severity, CPIS score, CRP, and WBC showed positive correlations with serum NF-κB and SOCS3 levels, and negative correlations with S1P1 levels （P < 0.05）. Serum NF-κB, SOCS3, CRP, WBC, and CPIS scores in the unfavorable prognosis group were higher than in the favorable prognosis group, while S1P1 was lower （P < 0.05）. Elevated NF-κB, SOCS3, CRP, WBC, CPIS scores, as well as decreased S1P1, were identified as risk factors for poor prognosis in children with bacterial infectious pneumonia （P < 0.05）. The AUC and net benefit of serum NF-κB, S1P1, and SOCS3 for poor prognosis were superior to individual predictors （P < 0.05）. Conclusion Serum NF-κB and SOCS3 levels are elevated in children with bacterial pneumonia, while S1P1 level is decreased. The three factors are closely related to disease severity and prognosis, and have high predictive value and clinical net benefit for poor prognosis.
- Bacterial pneumonia,
- Nuclear factor-kappa B,
- Sphingosine-1-phosphate 1,
- Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3,
- Disease severity,
- Prognosis

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