Risk Factors and Correlation of Depression，Anxiety and Suicidal Behaviors Among Children and Adolescents in Jinghong City，Yunnan Province

Qiuyan WANG; Longfeng CHEN; Zhiguang CHEN; Ningtao YANG; Chuanzhi XU

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Qiuyan WANG, Longfeng CHEN, Zhiguang CHEN, Ningtao YANG, Chuanzhi XU. Risk Factors and Correlation of Depression，Anxiety and Suicidal Behaviors Among Children and Adolescents in Jinghong City，Yunnan Province[J]. Journal of Kunming Medical University.

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Risk Factors and Correlation of Depression，Anxiety and Suicidal Behaviors Among Children and Adolescents in Jinghong City，Yunnan Province

School of Public Health，Kunming Medical University，Kunming Yunnan 650500，China

Received Date: 2026-04-10

Abstract

Abstract

Objective To explore the current status and influencing factors of depression, anxiety, and suicidal behaviors among children and adolescents in Jinghong City, Yunnan Province, analyze the correlation between suicidal behaviors and symptoms of depression and anxiety, and propose practical prevention and control measures. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in December 2023 using two-stage random cluster sampling to recruit 6, 014 school-attending students aged 10-17 years from Jinghong, Yunnan Province. Psychological health status was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 （PHQ-9）, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 （GAD-7）, and Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire Revised （SBQ-R）. Personal, family, and school-related information was collected using a self-designed questionnaire. Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression analysis were employed to identify risk factors for depression and anxiety, and to explore the associations between suicidal behaviors and these conditions. Results A total of 5, 857 valid questionnaires were collected with a response rate of 97.4%; 49.3% were male and 50.7% were female. The overall detection rates of depression and anxiety symptoms were 17.7% and 10.5%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed significant differences in depression symptoms across different genders, grades, school transfer history, household population size, parental illness, parental marital status, household income stability, and parental migration patterns （P < 0.05）. Anxiety symptoms showed significant differences across gender, household population size, parental illness, parental marital status, household income stability, and parental migration patterns （P < 0.05）. Multivariate analysis identified female gender （OR = 3.194, 95%CI: 2.741～3.720）, junior high school （OR = 1.85, 95%CI: 1.435～2.385）, senior high school （OR = 2.055, 95%CI: 1.550～2.724）, history of school transfer （OR = 1.318, 95%CI: 1.084～1.603）, paternal illness （OR = 1.611, 95%CI: 1.327～1.956）, maternal illness （OR = 1.701, 95%CI: 1.352～2.141）, parental divorce （OR = 1.290, 95%CI: 1.033～1.612）, parental remarriage （OR = 1.658, 95%CI: 1.314～2.092）, and unstable family income （OR = 1.348, 95%CI: 1.004～1.809） as risk factors for depression. Boarding school residence （OR = 0.814, 95%CI: 0.681～0.973）, larger household size （2～4 persons, ≥5 persons）（OR₁=0.647, 95%CI: 0.483～0.867; OR₂=0.693, 95%CI: 0.497～0.966）, and father not engaged in migrant work （OR = 0.755, 95%CI: 0.575～0.990） were protective factors against depression. Female gender （OR = 2.688, 95%CI: 2.230～3.240）, paternal illness （OR = 1.692, 95%CI: 1.345～2.129）, and parental divorce （OR = 1.450, 95%CI: 1.094～1.922） were risk factors for anxiety. Larger household size （2～4 persons）（OR = 0.676, 95%CI: 0.478～0.956） was a protective factor against anxiety. Both depression and anxiety were independent risk factors for suicide planning and suicide attempts among children and adolescents. Conclusion The detection rate of depression and anxiety symptoms among children and adolescents in Jinghong, Yunnan exceed the national average. Gender, grade level, school enrollment type, school transfer history, parental marital and health status, household income stability, and household population size are major influencing factors. Depression and anxiety symptoms significantly increase suicide risk in children and adolescents.
- Adolescent,
- Mental health,
- Ethnic minority,
- Depression,
- Anxiety,
- Suicide

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