Relationship between Serum SP-D,KL-6 and sPD-L2 Levels and Disease Severity in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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摘要:
目的 探讨血清肺表面活性蛋白D(surfactant protein D,SP-D)、涎液化糖链抗原6(krebs von den lungen-6,KL-6)、可溶性程序性死亡配体2(soluble programmed death-ligand 2,sPD-L2)水平与慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)患者病情严重程度的关系。 方法 前瞻性纳入2023年6月至2024年12月喀什地区第一人民医院153例COPD患者及100名健康对照者。根据GOLD标准将COPD患者分为A级(39例)、B级(53例)和E级(61例),并归为低风险组(A级)与高风险组(B+E级)。检测血清SP-D、KL-6、sPD-L2水平,获取高分辨率胸部CT(high-resolution computed tomography,HRCT)参数[低衰减区百分比(percentage of low attenuation area,LAA)、左肺及右肺支气管壁厚度]和肺功能指标[第一秒用力呼气容积(forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)、第一秒用力呼气容积占预计值的百分比(FEV1 as percentage of predicted value,FEV1%预计值)、第一秒用力呼气容积占用力肺活量的百分比(ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital,FEV1/FVC)]。采用Pearson相关分析评估指标间关联,受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)评价标志物对病情严重程度的判别效能。 结果 COPD组血清SP-D、KL-6、sPD-L2、LAA%及支气管壁厚度均高于对照组,肺功能指标显著降低(P < 0.05)。随GOLD分级升高,血清标志物及HRCT参数递增,肺功能递减(P < 0.05)。Pearson相关性结果显示,SP-D、KL-6、sPD-L2与肺功能呈负相关,与HRCT参数呈正相关。ROC曲线结果显示,三者联合预测COPD严重程度的AUC为0.896(95% CI:0.836~0.939),显著优于任一单一指标(Z = 2.909、2.224、3.134,均P < 0.05)。 结论 血清SP-D、KL-6、sPD-L2水平与COPD患者病情严重程度有关,且以上三者联合对COPD患者病情严重程度的评估效能较高。 Abstract:Objective To explore the relationship between serum levels of pulmonary surfactant protein D (SP-D), Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6), and soluble programmed death-ligand 2 (sPD-L2) and disease severity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods A prospective study enrolled 153 COPD patients and 100 healthy controls from the First People's Hospital of Kashgar Region between June 2023 and December 2024. Based on the GOLD criteria, COPD patients were classified into Group A (39 cases), Group B (53 cases), and Group E (61 cases), which were further stratified into low-risk group (Group A) and high-risk group (Group B+E). Serum levels of SP-D, KL-6, and sPD-L2 were measured. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) parameters including percentage of low attenuation area (LAA%), and bronchial wall thickness of bilateral lungs were obtained. Pulmonary function indices including forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1 as percentage of predicted value (FEV1%predicted), and ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) were assessed. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate associations between variables. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to assess the discriminatory efficiency of biomarkers for disease severity. Results Serum levels of SP-D, KL-6, sPD-L2, LAA%, and bronchial wall thickness were significantly higher in the COPD group compared with controls, while pulmonary function indices were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). With increasing GOLD classification, serum biomarkers and HRCT parameters increased progressively, while pulmonary function decreased (P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that SP-D, KL-6, and sPD-L2 were negatively correlated with pulmonary function indices and positively correlated with HRCT parameters. ROC curve analysis showed that the combined predictive value of the three biomarkers for COPD severity yielded an AUC of 0.896 (95% CI: 0.836-0.939), which was significantly superior to any single biomarker alone (Z = 2.909, 2.224, 3.134; all P < 0.05). Conclusion Serum levels of SP-D, KL-6 and sPD-L2 are associated with disease severity in COPD patients. The combined assessment using these three biomarkers demonstrates superior efficacy in evaluating disease severity in COPD patients. -
表 1 比较健康对照组和COPD受试者血清SP-D、KL-6、sPD-L2水平($ \bar x \pm s $)
Table 1. Comparison of serum SP-D,KL-6,and sPD-L2 levels between healthy controls and COPD subjects($ \bar x \pm s $)
分组 n SP−D(mg/mL) KL−6(U/mL) sPD−L2(μg/L) COPD组 153 235.98 ± 28.52 229.87 ± 28.63 4.65 ± 1.17 健康对照组 100 148.25 ± 25.17 134.29 ± 16.23 2.54 ± 0.52 t 25.038 30.337 16.964 P < 0.001* < 0.001* < 0.001* SP−D−肺表面活性蛋白D;KL−6−涎液化糖链抗原6;sPD−L2−可溶性程序性死亡配体2;*P < 0.05。 表 2 比较不同疾病严重程度患者血清SP-D、KL-6、sPD-L2水平($ \bar x \pm s $)
Table 2. Comparison of serum SP-D,KL-6,and sPD-L2 levels in patients with different disease severity($ \bar x \pm s $)
分组 n SP−D(mg/mL) KL−6(U/mL) sPD−L2(μg/L) A级 39 165.79 ± 50.05 144.06 ± 45.54 3.05 ± 1.09 B级 61 198.25 ± 50.17a 187.29 ± 46.23a 3.94 ± 1.02a E级 53 243.66 ± 53.84ab 234.68 ± 48.45ab 5.02 ± 1.57ab F 26.806 42.720 28.439 P < 0.001* < 0.001* < 0.001* SP−D−肺表面活性蛋白D;KL−6−涎液化糖链抗原6;sPD−L2−可溶性程序性死亡配体2;与A级对比,aP < 0.05;与B级对比,bP < 0.05;*P < 0.05。 表 3 比较健康对照组和COPD受试者HRCT定量指标水平($ \bar x \pm s $)
Table 3. Comparison of HRCT quantitative indicators between healthy controls and COPD subjects($ \bar x \pm s $)
分组 n LAA(%) 左肺支气管壁厚度(mm) 右肺支气管壁厚度(mm) COPD组 153 23.52 ± 2.57 1.52 ± 0.31 1.53 ± 0.34 健康对照组 100 1.03 ± 0.09 1.02 ± 0.27 1.04 ± 0.21 t 87.414 13.186 12.889 P < 0.001* < 0.001* < 0.001* SP−D−肺表面活性蛋白D;KL−6−涎液化糖链抗原6;sPD−L2−可溶性程序性死亡配体2;*P < 0.05。 表 4 比较不同疾病严重程度患者HRCT定量指标水平($ \bar x \pm s $)
Table 4. Comparison of HRCT quantitative index levels in patients with different disease severity($ \bar x \pm s $)
分组 n LAA(%) 左肺支气管壁厚度(mm) 右肺支气管壁厚度(mm) A级 39 8.25 ± 2.31 1.26 ± 0.26 1.19 ± 0.21 B级 61 12.58 ± 2.41a 1.47 ± 0.24a 1.44 ± 0.22a E级 53 19.63 ± 3.14ab 1.57 ± 0.31ab 1.63 ± 0.28ab F 217.915 14.938 37.689 P < 0.001* < 0.001* < 0.001* LAA%−肺气肿组织容积占全肺的比例;与A级对比,aP < 0.05;与B级对比,bP < 0.05;*P < 0.05。 表 5 比较健康对照组和COPD受试者肺功能指标水平($ \bar x \pm s $)
Table 5. Comparison of pulmonary function indicators between healthy controls and COPD subjects($ \bar x \pm s $)
分组 n FEV1(L) FEV1% FEV1/FVC% COPD组 153 1.81 ± 0.32 63.96 ± 6.39 63.07 ± 5.39 健康对照组 100 2.42 ± 0.37 70.98 ± 6.52 75.62 ± 5.88 t 13.927 8.475 17.464 P < 0.001* < 0.001* < 0.001* FEV1−第1秒用力呼气容量;FVC−用力肺活量;FEV1%−第1秒用力呼气容量百分比;*P < 0.05。 表 6 比较不同疾病严重程度患者肺功能指标水平($ \bar x \pm s $)
Table 6. Comparison of pulmonary function indicators in patients with different disease severity($ \bar x \pm s $)
分组 n FEV1(L) FEV1% FEV1/FVC% A级 39 1.98 ± 0.41 66.37 ± 7.41 66.74 ± 6.25 B级 61 1.28 ± 0.33a 60.28 ± 7.21a 57.45 ± 5.36a E级 53 0.75 ± 0.21ab 56.31 ± 7.04ab 51.04 ± 5.03ab F 167.566 21.942 91.851 P < 0.001* < 0.001* < 0.001* FEV1−第1秒用力呼气容量;FVC−用力肺活量;FEV1%−第1秒用力呼气容量百分比;与A级对比,aP < 0.05;与B级对比,bP < 0.05;*P < 0.05。 表 7 COPD患者HRCT定量指标与肺功能指标的相关性
Table 7. Correlation between quantitative HRCT indices and pulmonary function indicators in COPD patients
项目 LAA 左肺支气管壁厚度 右肺支气管壁厚度 r P r P r P FEV1 −0.701 < 0.001* −0.317 < 0.001* −0.474 < 0.001* FEV1% −0.396 < 0.001* −0.210 0.009* −0.275 0.001* FEV1/FVC% −0.648 < 0.001* −0.246 0.002* −0.386 < 0.001* *P < 0.05。 表 8 COPD患者血清SP-D、KL-6、sPD-L2水平与HRCT定量指标的相关性
Table 8. Correlation between serum SP-D,KL-6,and sPD-L2 levels and HRCT quantitative parameters in COPD patients
项目 SP−D KL−6 sPD−L2 r P r P r P LAA 0.474 < 0.001* 0.570 < 0.001* 0.445 < 0.001* 左肺支气管壁厚度 0.106 < 0.001* 0.451 < 0.001* 0.262 0.001* 右肺支气管壁厚度 0.293 < 0.001* 0.227 0.005* 0.315 < 0.001* *P < 0.05。 表 9 COPD患者血清SP-D、KL-6、sPD-L2水平与肺功能指标的相关性
Table 9. Correlation between serum SP-D,KL-6,and sPD-L2 levels and pulmonary function indicators in COPD patients
项目 SP−D KL−6 sPD−L2 r P r P r P FEV1 −0.413 < 0.001* −0.480 < 0.001* −0.482 < 0.001* FEV1% −0.221 0.006* −0.281 < 0.001* −0.292 0.001* FEV1/FVC% −0.384 < 0.001* −0.402 0.005* −0.344 < 0.001* *P < 0.05。 表 10 血清SP-D、KL-6、sPD-L2对COPD患者病情严重程度的预测价值
Table 10. Predictive value of serum SP-D,KL-6,and sPD-L2 for disease severity in COPD patients
变量 AUC 最佳Cut off值 95%CI 灵敏度(%) 特异度(%) 约登指数 SP−D 0.781 > 192.21 0.707~0.843 73.68 76.92 0.5061 KL−6 0.827 > 156.01 0.758~0.884 87.72 66.67 0.5439 sPD−L2 0.786 > 3.76 0.713~0.848 70.18 76.92 0.4710 三者联合 0.896 > 0.741 0.836~0.939 79.82 87.18 0.6700 -
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