Comparison of the Efficacy of Ommaya Reservoir and Lumbar Cistern Intervention of Tuberculous Meningoencephalitis Complicated with Hydrocephalus
-
摘要:
目的 通过腰大池置管及植入的Ommaya囊2种途径进行脑脊液引流及注药,观察对结核性脑膜脑炎并脑积水的疗效,探索有效的介入治疗方法。 方法 选昆明市第三人民医院2017年3月至2018年9月收治的结核性脑膜脑炎并脑积水患者50例,随机分为对照组、Ommaya囊组、腰大池组。对照组采用常规抗结核治疗;Ommaya囊组为常规抗结核治疗 + Ommaya囊脑脊液引流 + 侧脑室注药;腰大池组为常规抗结核治疗 + 腰大池脑脊液引流 + 鞘内注药。疗程4周。对比分析3组疗效及不良反应。 结果 腰大池组及Ommaya囊组发热、头痛、呕吐缓解时间较对照组明显缩短(P < 0.05)。治疗后3 d、1周、2周、4周脑压与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义( P < 0.05)。治疗1周后腰大池组及Ommaya囊组脑脊液生化指标与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义( P < 0.05)。治疗后2月,Ommaya囊组较其余2组颅内病灶明显吸收( P < 0.05)。对照组、腰大池组、Ommaya囊组治疗总有效率分别为45%、83.3%、100% ( P < 0.05)。 结论 腰大池置管及Ommaya囊2种途径介入治疗结核性脑膜脑炎并脑积水,均能短期内缓解临床症状、降低颅内压及改善脑脊液生化指标;经Ommaya囊途径介入治疗促使颅内病灶吸收优于腰大池途径介入治疗。 -
关键词:
- 腰大池 /
- Ommaya囊 /
- 介入治疗 /
- 结核性脑膜脑炎并脑积水
Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of cerebrospinal fluid drainage and injection by Ommaya reservoir implantation and lumbar cistern intervention in the treatment of patients of tuberculous meningoencephalitis with hydrocephalus. Methods A total of 50 patients with tuberculous meningoencephalitis with hydrocephalus in our hospital from March 2017 to September 2018 participated in this study. Participants were divided into 3 groups: control group, Ommaya reservoir group and lumbar cistern intervention group. The control group received routine antituberculosis; Ommaya reservoir group received routine antituberculous therapy combined with cerebrospinal fluid drainage and lateral ventricle injection; and lumbar cistern intervention group received anti-tuberculosis treatment combined with lumbar cistern cerebrospinal fluid drainage and intrathecal injection. The treatment duration was 4 weeks. The efficacy and adverse reactions of the three groups were compared and analyzed. Results The clinical symptom remission time of Ommaya reservoir group and lumbar cistern intervention group was shorter than that of control group (P < 0.05). The intracranial pressure at 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks after treatment was significantly different from that before treatment ( P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, there were statistically significant differences in the cerebrospinal fluid biochemical indexes in the lumbar cistern intervention group and the Ommaya reservoir group after 1 week of treatment ( P < 0.05). 2 months after treatment, the absorption of intracranial lesions in the Ommaya reservoir group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups ( P < 0.05). The total effective rates of the control group, the lumbar cistern intervention group and the Ommaya reservoir group were 45%, 83.3% and 100%, respectively ( P < 0.05). Conclusion The interventional treatment of tuberculous meningoencephalitis with hydrocephalus by lumbar cistern catheterization and Ommaya reservoir implant can relieve the clinical symptoms, reduce intracranial pressure and improve the biochemical indexes of cerebrospinal fluid in a short time. Interventional therapy via the Ommaya reservoir approach promotes the absorption of intracranial lesions more effectively than interventional therapy via the lumbar cistern. -
表 1 3组患者临床资料比较( $\bar x\pm s$)
Table 1. Clinical data of the three groups ( $\bar x\pm s$)
临床资料 对照组 Ommaya囊组 腰大池组 F/χ2 P 年龄(岁) 32.5 ± 7.15 31.9 ± 8.19 30.25 ± 5.67 2.391 0.891 性别(n) 2.934 0.732 男 11 7 10 女 9 5 8 住院天数(d) 30.2 ± 1.75 29.5 ± 1.62 28.7 ± 1.31 2.196 0.657 表 2 3组患者临床症状缓解时间[( $\bar x\pm s$),d]
Table 2. Remission time of clinical symptoms in the three groups [( $\bar x\pm s$),d]
临床表现 对照组 Ommaya囊组 腰大池组 F P 发热 8.17 ± 1.52 4.58 ± 1.50* 4.16 ± 1.02* 2.491 0.023 头痛 8.00 ± 2.00 4.25 ± 1.42* 3.33 ± 0.89* 3.265 0.011 呕吐 5.41 ± 2.19 3.00 ± 1.53* 2.69 ± 0.91* 3.416 0.015 与对照组比较,*P < 0.05。 表 3 3组患者治疗前后脑脊液压力变化[n(%)]
Table 3. Changes of cerebrospinal fluid pressure in the three groups of patients pre and post treatment [n(%)]
分组 疗程 180~300(mmHg) 80~180(mmHg) χ2 P 对照组 治疗前 20(100) 0(0.00) 71.411 0.021 治疗3 d 20(100) 0(0.00) 治疗1周 19(95.0) 1(5.00) 治疗2周 13(65.0)# 7(35.0)# 治疗4周 6(30.0)# 14(70.0)# 腰大池组 治疗前 18(100) 0(0.00) 70.143 0.033 治疗3 d 12(60.0)#* 6(33.3)#* 治疗1周 8(44.4)#* 10(55.6)#* 治疗2周 3(16.7)#* 15(83.3)#* 治疗4周 0(0.00)#* 18(100)#* Ommaya囊组 治疗前 12(100) 0(0.00) 76.157 0.017 治疗3 d 8(66.7)#* 4(33.3)#* 治疗1周 4(33.3)#* 8(66.7)#* 治疗2周 1(8.3)#* 11(91.7)#* 治疗4周 0(0.00)#* 12(100)#* 与对照组比较,*P < 0.05;与治疗前比较, #P < 0.05。 表 4 3组患者治疗前后脑脊液变化情况( $\bar x\pm s$)
Table 4. Cerebrospinal fluid indexes in the three groups of patients pre and post treatment ( $\bar x\pm s$)
脑脊液情况 疗程 对照组 Ommaya囊组 腰大池组 F P 细胞数(×106/L) 治疗前 291.9 ± 97.30 268 ± 50.46 340.4 ± 58.4 2.433 0.012 治疗1周 226.6 ± 82.6 159.3 ± 43.0#* 188.1 ± 67.5#* 治疗2周 140.6 ± 73.4# 86.2 ± 24.6#* 92.3 ± 26.8#* 治疗4周 39.50 ± 10.4# 28.7 ± 12.6# 52.7 ± 31.8# 氯化物(mmol/L) 治疗前 114.0 ± 5.46 110.98 ± 9.89 113.9 ± 6.44 3.171 0.021 治疗1周 116.1 ± 4.3 118.8 ± 4.0*# 120.7 ± 5.7*# 治疗2周 118.4 ± 2.3# 120 ± 4.6*# 122.0 ± 4.5*# 治疗4周 120.8 ± 5.4# 123.5 ± 7.3*# 121.8 ± 5.3*# 葡萄糖(mmol/L) 治疗前 1.10 ± 0.52 0.99 ± 0.37 1.03 ± 0.38 3.043 0.016 治疗1周 1.38 ± 0.32 2.18 ± 0.49*# 2.10 ± 0.48*# 治疗2周 2.58 ± 0.42# 2.24 ± 0.45*# 2.34 ± 0.56*# 治疗4周 3.12 ± 0.39# 2.97 ± 0.46# 3.02 ± 0.51# 总蛋白(mg/L) 治疗前 2416 ± 234 2436 ± 260 2468 ± 245 2.411 0.013 治疗1周 2216 ± 196 788 ± 162*# 858 ± 152*# 治疗2周 1821 ± 170# 600 ± 146*# 621 ± 158*# 与对照组比较,*P < 0.05;与治疗前比较, #P < 0.05。 表 5 3组患者治疗2月后头颅MRI表现比较[n(%)]
Table 5. Head MRI results in three groups of patients after 2 months’ treatment [n(%)]
分组 n 有效 无效 χ2 P 对照组 20 1(16.6) 19(83.3) 67.504 0.041 腰大池 18 12(66.7) 6(33.33) Ommaya 12 11(91.6)*# 1(8.3) 与对照组比较,*P < 0.05;与腰大池组比较, #P < 0.05。 表 6 3组患者临床疗效比[n(%)]
Table 6. Clinical efficacy of three groups of patient [n(%)]
分组 n 显效 有效 无效 总有效 χ2 P 对照组 20 1(5.0) 8(40.0) 11(55.0) 9(45.0) 3.412 0.001 腰大池组 18 6(33.33) 9(50.0) 3(16.6) 15(83.3)* Ommaya囊组 12 11(91.6) 1(8.3) 0(0.00) 12(100)* 与对照组比较,*P < 0.05。 表 7 3组患者不良反应构成比[n(%)]
Table 7. Adverse reaction in the three groups of patients [n(%)]
不良反应 对照组 Ommaya治疗组 腰大池治疗组 χ2 P 脑疝 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 89.314 0.001 感染 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 1(5.5) 下肢麻木 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 5(27.7)* 大小便失禁 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 低颅压综合征 0(0.00) 1(8.3)* 3(16.6)* 与对照组比较,*P < 0.05。 -
[1] 吴素方,梁丽丽,郑淑兰,等. 利奈唑胺治疗重症结核性脑膜炎的疗效观察[J]. 河南预防医学杂志,2019,30(9):719-721. [2] Pasco P M. Diagnostic features of tuberculous meningitis:A cross-sectional study[J]. Bmc Res Notes.,2012,5(1):1-6. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-1 [3] Harsimran K. Prospective analysis of 55 cases of tuberculosis meningitis(TBM)in north india[J]. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research(JCDR),2015,1(9):15-19. [4] 闫红梅,兰小艳,顾燕梅,等. 鞘内注射联合脑脊液置换治疗结核性脑膜炎的效果观察[J]. 宁夏医学杂志,2018,40(6):528-530. [5] 柳兴军,黄玉宝,陈子祥. 腰大池置管持续引流联合鞘内注射给药治疗结核性脑膜炎患者疗效[J]. 中国老年学杂志,2015,35(9):2488-2490. [6] 曾文高. 脑脊液置换联合鞘内注射药物治疗结核性脑膜炎效果观察[J]. 临床合理用药杂志,2020,13(32):33-35. [7] 邱修辉. Ommaya囊植入术在原发性颅内感染并脑积水治疗中的应用分析[J]. 浙江临床医学,2015,17(4):581-582. [8] Wilkinson R J,Rohlwink U,Misra U K,et al. Tuberculous meningitis[J]. Nature Reviews Neurology,2017,13(10):581-598. doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2017.120 [9] Angharad Grace,Davis . Thepathogenesis of tuberculous meningitis.[J]. Journal of Leukocyte Biology,2019,105(2):267-280. doi: 10.1002/JLB.MR0318-102R [10] 夏衣扎提·库尔曼. 腰大池置管持续引流联合鞘内注射给药治疗结核性脑膜炎患者疗效探究[J]. 中国实用医药,2016,11(26):225-226. [11] Anne Ferrel,Fmclaughlin J,Agrant G,et al. Long-term safety and efficacy of continuous intrathecal baclofen[J]. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics,2010,44(10):660-665. [12] 李伟,王勇. 腰大池置管引流在结核性脑膜炎治疗中的应用效果[J]. 中国继续医学教育,2019,11(4):92-94. [13] 周放. 莫西沙星联合抗结核药物治疗难治性结核性脑膜炎的疗效评价[J]. 北方药学,2018,15(4):105. [14] 范鹏辰,王志祺,赖辉. 异烟肼及地塞米松鞘内注射治疗对结核性脑膜炎病人脑脊液中炎性因子及IgA、IgG水平的影响[J]. 中西医结合心脑血管病杂志,2019,17(3):439-443. [15] 叶蕾,杨小红,孙小娟. 1例行 OMMAYA 囊置入侧脑室外引流术后结核性脑膜脑炎患儿的护理[J]. 实用临床医药杂志,2014,18(14):162-164.