Epidemiological Situation of Parasitic Diseases in South and Southeast Asian Countries along the “One Belt and One Road”
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摘要: “一带一路”共建国家的八个南亚国家和十一个东南亚国家是寄生虫病的高发区。由于受地理位置、经济状况、文化背景、饮食习惯等诸多原因的影响，疟疾、利士曼原虫、刚地弓形虫、蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫、人芽囊原虫、溶组织内阿米巴、阴道毛滴虫、日本血吸虫、蛔虫、鞭虫、钩虫、粪类圆线虫、蛲虫、带绦虫和丝虫等多种人体寄生虫在该地区流行严重，是一个严峻的公共卫生问题。分析和认识“一带一路”共建国家南亚和东南亚国家寄生虫病的流行状况，有的放矢地制定防控措施，对预防跨境传染病的发生、促进各国之间的密切合作及彻底消除寄生虫病有重要的意义。Abstract: Eight South Asian countries and eleven Southeast Asian countries along the "One Belt and One Road" are areas with high incidences of parasitic diseases. Due to the influence of geographical location, economic status, cultural background, and dietary habits, several human parasites such as Plasmodium spp, Leishmania spp, Toxoplasma gondii, Giardia lamblia, Blastocystis hominis, Entamoeba histolytica, Trichomonas vaginalis, schistosoma japonicum, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichiruss trichiura, hookworm, strongyloides stercoralis, Enterobius vermicularis, tapeworms, and filaria are prevalent. Parasitic diseases are a serious public health problem in these regions. Analyzing the epidemic situation of parasitic diseases in South and Southeast Asian countries along the "One Belt and One Road", and formulating targeted measures of prevention and control are helpful for preventing the occurrence of cross-border infectious diseases, promoting close cooperation between countries, and completely eliminating parasitic diseases.
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Key words:
- One Belt and One Road /
- Parasitic diseases /
- South Asia /
- Southeast Asia
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表 1 菲律宾农村地区常见寄生虫病患病率（%）
Table 1. Prevalence of common parasitic diseases in rural areas of the Philippines（%）
感染寄生虫种类 患病率 成人 儿童 总体 血吸虫 13.7 11.6 12.5 土源性线虫 64.0 65.1 64.6 蛔虫 27.0 35.1 31.5 鞭虫 50.5 55.1 53.1 钩虫 10.0 2.7 5.9 土源性线虫与血吸虫混合感染 10.5 9.1 9.7 
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表 2 “一带一路”沿线南亚、东南亚国家寄生虫病流行情况（1）
Table 2. The prevalence of parasitic diseases in South and Southeast Asian countries along the “One Belt and One Road” （1）
国家 寄生虫种 年份 风险人数 病例数（例） 患病率 病死率 参考文献 印度 间日疟 2014 0.3% [4] 弓形虫 1991 57％（马翁族人） [21] 巴基斯坦 疟原虫 2012 450万 [5] 皮肤利什曼原虫 2005 738 [27] 孟加拉国 疟原虫 2013 3.1%～36% [8] 阿富汗 疟原虫 2002 12 786 [10] 疟原虫 2015 850万 61 362 [10] 疟原虫 2016 1 009 [10] 尼泊尔 疟疾 1985 42 321 [11] 蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫 2014 8.9% [32] 人芽囊原虫 2014 6.9% [32] 蛔虫 2014 15.6% [32] 鞭虫 2014 1.2% [32] 钩虫 2014 10.4% [32] 带绦虫 2014 3.4% [32] 不丹 疟原虫 2010 436 [12] 印度尼西亚 疟原虫 2007 2.89‰ [15] 弓形虫 2017 50% [24] 阴道毛滴虫 2005 15.1% [33] 日本血吸虫 2019 0.3％～4.8％（纳普、林杜河谷地区） [42] 疟原虫 2017 6500 万0.9‰ [15] 土源性线虫 2008 61％ [42] 丝虫 2014 4.7％ [42] 泰国 疟原虫 2000 2.61% [20] 疟原虫 2016 18 758 0.28% [20] 人芽囊原虫 2017 4.0％ [38] 蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫 2017 0.6% [38] 钩虫 2008 8.0％ [48] 粪类圆线虫 2008 0.9％ [48] 鞭虫 2008 0.3％ [48] 旋毛虫 2008 0.24～3.9/十万 [48] 马来西亚 弓形虫 2011 10%～77％ [21] 结肠内阿米巴 2013 3.2％ [35] 溶组织内阿米巴 2013 1.8％ [35] 蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫 2013 1.8％ [35] 人芽囊原虫 2013 1.2% [35] 鞭虫 2013 20.2％（儿童） [35] 蛔虫 2013 10.5％（儿童） [35] 钩虫 2013 6.7％（儿童） [35] 粪类圆线虫 2019 13.7％（小学生） [46] 猪囊虫 1996 2.2％（农村人口） [58]
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表 2 “一带一路”沿线南亚、东南亚国家寄生虫病流行情况（2）
Table 2. The prevalence of parasitic diseases in South and Southeast Asian countries along the “One Belt and One Road” （2）
国家 寄生虫种 年份 风险人数 病例数（例） 患病率 病死率 参考文献 菲律宾 溶组织内阿米巴 2018 12.1% [36] 蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫 2018 4.5％ [36] 人芽囊原虫 2018 34.4％ [36] 日本血吸虫 2019 670万 74.5％ [41] 越南 弓形虫 2013 1～24％ [26] 蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫 2013 4.1％ [26] 带绦虫 2013 0.2-7.2％ [26] 缅甸 人芽囊原虫 2019 6.29％（中缅边境地区） [37] 鞭虫 2010 13.3% [47] 蛲虫 2010 8.1% [47] 华支睾吸虫 2010 0.7% [47] 丝虫 2018 2.63％ [65] 老挝 钩虫 2018 87％ [49] 鞭虫 2018 33% [49] 粪类圆线虫 2018 45％ [49] 柬埔寨 鞭虫 2018 4.1% [51]
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