Analysis of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels in Population with Lumbar Disc Herniation in High-Altitude Areas
-
摘要:
目的 探究高海拔地区腰椎间盘突出(LDH)人群血清25羟维生素D(25-OH-D)水平变化及临床意义。 方法 选取2021年8月至2022年7月昆明理工大学附属安宁市第一人民医院高海拔地区200例初治LDH患者作为研究组,另选同期、同年龄段100例健康志愿者作为对照组。比较2组一般资料、血清25-OH-D水平,并比较研究组不同临床特征患者血清25-OH-D水平,分析患者血清25-OH-D水平与临床特征的相关性。研究组经治疗3个月后评估疗效,分析初治LDH患者疗效的影响因素,比较不同疗效患者治疗后血清25-OH-D水平,分析治疗后血清25-OH-D水平与疗效的相关性。 结果 研究组血清25-OH-D水平较对照组低(P < 0.05);研究组血清25-OH-D水平与病情程度、椎间盘退变程度呈负相关(P < 0.05);单因素分析显示,年龄、体重指数、病情程度、椎间盘退变程度、治疗前血清25-OH-D水平与初治LDH患者疗效存在关联性(P < 0.05);多因素分析显示,年龄、体重指数、治疗前血清25-OH-D水平是初治LDH患者疗效的影响因素(P < 0.05);疗效良好患者治疗1个月、2个月、3个月后血清25-OH-D水平较疗效不良患者高,与疗效呈正相关(P < 0.05)。 结论 高海拔地区LDH人群25-OH-D水平降低,与病情程度、椎间盘退变程度密切相关。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the changes in serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) levels and clinical significance in people with lumbar disc herniation (LDH) in high altitude areas. Methods A total of 200 newly treated LDH patients from the high altitude area of the First People’s Hospital of Anning City Affiliated to Kunming University of Science and Technology from August 2021 to July 2022 were selected as the study group, and 100 healthy volunteers of the same age at the same period were selected as the control group.The general data and serum 25-OH-D level of the two groups were compared, and the serum 25-OH-D levels of patients with different clinical characteristics in the study group were compared, and the correlation between the serum 25-OH-D levels and clinical characteristics was analyzed. After 3 months of treatment, the efficacy of the study group was evaluated, the influencing factors of the efficacy of LDH patients under initial treatment were analyzed, the serum 25-OH-D levels of patients with different therapeutic effects were compared after treatment, and the correlation between the serum 25-OH-D levels and the efficacy was analyzed. Results The serum levels of 25-OH-D in the study group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05); and the serum 25-OH-D level in the study group is negatively correlated with the severity of the disease and the degree of intervertebral disc degeneration (P < 0.05). Univariate analysis showed that age, body mass index, severity of disease, degree of intervertebral disc degeneration, and serum 25-OH-D level before treatment were correlated with the curative effect of LDH patients (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that age, body mass index and serum 25-OH-D level before treatment were the influencing factors for the curative effect of LDH patients (P < 0.05). The serum 25-OH-D level in the patients with good curative effect was higher than that in the patients with poor curative effect after 1 month, 2 months and 3 months, and was positively correlated with the curative effect(P < 0.05). Conclusions The decrease of 25-OH-D level in LDH population at high altitude is closely related to the degree of disease and disc degeneration. -
表 1 2组一般资料、25-OH-D水平对比[(
$\bar x \pm s $ )/n(%)]Table 1. General data and comparison of 25-OH-D levels between the two groups [(
$\bar x \pm s $ )/n(%)]项目 研究组
(n = 200)对照组
(n = 100)t/χ2 P 性别 0.817 0.366 男 115(57.50) 52(52.00) 女 85(42.50) 48(48.00) 年龄(岁) 47.26 ± 8.13 45.91 ± 7.86 1.371 0.171 体重指数(kg/m2) 23.46 ± 2.17 23.20 ± 1.95 1.011 0.313 职业类型 0.440 0.507 脑力劳动 120(60.00) 56(56.00) 体力劳动 80(40.00) 44(44.00) 吸烟 1.085 0.298 是 53(26.50) 21(21.00) 否 147(73.50) 79(79.00) 饮酒 0.629 0.533 是 33(16.50) 13(13.00) 否 167(83.50) 87(87.00) 25-OH-D(ng/ml) 20.41 ± 6.18 33.56 ± 8.24 15.488 < 0.001 表 2 研究组不同临床特征患者25-OH-D水平对比(
$\bar x \pm s $ ,ng/mL)Table 2. Comparison of 25-OH-D levels in patients with different clinical characteristics in the study group (
$\bar x \pm s $ ,ng/mL)指标 n 25-OH-D t P 年龄(岁) < 40 86 21.19 ± 6.79 1.504 0.134 ≥40 114 19.82 ± 6.05 体重指数(kg/m2) < 24 126 21.03 ± 6.56 1.794 0.074 ≥24 74 19.35 ± 6.10 性别 男 115 20.86 ± 6.53 1.166 0.245 女 85 19.80 ± 6.11 职业类型 脑力劳动 120 20.79 ± 6.48 1.048 0.296 体力劳动 80 19.84 ± 5.97 病变部位 L3~4 58 20.79 ± 6.32 0.321 0.726 L4~5 65 20.58 ± 6.20 L5~S1 77 19.98 ± 6.04 病情程度 轻度 76 23.51 ± 6.39 21.770 < 0.001 中度 65 20.29 ± 6.02 重度 59 16.55 ± 5.43 椎间盘退变程度 轻度 82 23.74 ± 6.41 28.789 < 0.001 中度 70 19.83 ± 5.97 重度 48 15.57 ± 5.16 表 3 血清25-OH-D水平与临床特征的相关性
Table 3. Correlation between serum 25-OH-D level and clinical features
指标 年龄 体重指数 性别 职业类型 病变部位 病情程度 椎间盘退变程度 25-OH-D r 0.216 0.225 0.193 0.171 0.154 −0.527 −0.584 P 0.103 0.097 0.125 0.184 0.216 < 0.001 < 0.001 表 4 初治LDH患者疗效的单因素分析[(
$\bar x \pm s $ )/n(%)]Table 4. Univariate analysis of curative effect of initial treatment of LDH patients [(
$\bar x \pm s $ )/n(%)]项目 疗效良好(n = 116) 疗效不良(n = 84) t/χ2/u P 性别 0.9 男5 0.339 男 70(60.34) 45(53.57) 女 46(39.66) 39(46.43) 年龄(岁) 44.19±7.25 51.50±8.09 6.702 < 0.001 体重指数(kg/m2) 23.09±1.83 23.97±2.14 3.124 0.002 职业类型 2.494 0.114 脑力劳动 75(64.66) 45(53.57) 体力劳动 41(35.34) 39(46.43) 文化水平 0.560 0.576 初中及小学 21(18.10) 17(20.24) 高中及中专 46(39.66) 35(41.67) 大专及以上 49(42.24) 32(38.10) 吸烟 1.470 0.225 是 27(23.28) 26(30.95) 否 89(76.72) 58(69.05) 饮酒 2.554 0.110 是 15(12.93) 18(21.43) 否 101(87.07) 66(78.57) 治疗期间是否正常工作 1.946 0.163 是 92(79.31) 73(86.90) 否 24(20.69) 11(13.10) 病变部位 0.639 0.523 L3~4 31(26.72) 27(32.14) L4~5 39(33.62) 26(30.95) L5~S1 46(39.66) 31(36.90) 病情程度 3.000 0.003 轻度 54(46.55) 22(26.19) 中度 36(31.03) 29(34.52) 重度 26(22.41) 33(39.29) 椎间盘退变程度 2.593 0.010 轻度 56(48.28) 26(30.95) 中度 39(33.62) 31(36.90) 重度 21(18.10) 27(32.14) 治疗前25-OH-D(ng/m) 22.18±6.28 17.97±5.63 4.885 < 0.001 表 5 初治LDH患者疗效的多因素分析
Table 5. Multi-factor analysis of curative effect of initial treatment of LDH patients
变量 β S.E. Wald χ2 OR 95%CI P 下限 上限 年龄 1.493 0.402 13.790 4.450 2.103 9.415 < 0.001 体重指数 1.206 0.386 9.767 3.341 1.637 6.820 < 0.001 25-OH-D −1.335 0.451 8.762 0.263 0.116 0.597 < 0.001 表 6 不同疗效患者治疗前后血清25-OH-D水平(
$ \bar x \pm s$ ,ng/mL)Table 6. Serum 25-OH-D levels in patients with different therapeutic effects before and after treatment (
$\bar x \pm s $ ,ng/mL)疗效 n 治疗1个月后 治疗2个月后 治疗3个月后 良好 116 22.63 ± 6.42 23.21 ± 6.37 23.58 ± 6.26 不良 84 18.02 ± 5.71 17.86 ± 5.83 18.24 ± 5.77 t 5.247 6.073 6.151 P < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 表 7 治疗后血清25-OH-D水平与疗效的相关性
Table 7. Correlation between serum 25-OH-D level and therapeutic effect after treatment
指标 治疗1个月后 治疗2个月后 治疗3个月后 疗效 r 0.468 0.491 0.523 P < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 -
[1] Rogerson A,Aidlen J,Jenis LG. Persistent radiculopathy after surgical treatment for lumbar disc herniation: causes and treatment options[J]. Int Orthop,2019,43(4):969-973. doi: 10.1007/s00264-018-4246-7 [2] Zhang R,Zhang S J,Wang X J. Postoperative functional exercise for patients who underwent percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy for lumbar disc herniation[J]. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci,2018,22(1 Suppl):15-22. [3] Ravichandran D,Pillai J,Krishnamurthy K. Genetics of intervertebral disc disease: A review[J]. Clin Anat,2022,35(1):116-120. doi: 10.1002/ca.23803 [4] Yang Q,Liu Y,Guan Y,et al. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and plasma levels are associated with lumbar disc degeneration[J]. Sci Rep,2019,9(1):7829. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44373-2 [5] Martineau A R,Jolliffe D A,Greenberg L,et al. Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory infections: individual participant data meta-analysis[J]. Health Technol Assess,2019,23(2):1-44. doi: 10.3310/hta23020 [6] 中华医学会疼痛学分会脊柱源性疼痛学组. 腰椎间盘突出症诊疗中国疼痛专家共识[J]. 中国疼痛医学杂志,2020,26(1):2-6. [7] Pfirrmann C W,Metzdorf A,Zanetti M,et al. Magnetic resonance classification of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration[J]. Spine (Phila Pa,1976,),2001,26(17):1873-1878. [8] 杜会玲,刘长坯. MRI影像学在游泳运动员腰椎间盘突出病情评估与疗效评价中的应用[J]. 影像科学与光化学,2022,40(6):1581-1585. [9] Kim J H,Ham C H,Kwon W K. Current knowledge and future therapeutic prospects in symptomatic intervertebral disc degeneration[J]. Yonsei Med J,2022,63(3):199-210. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2022.63.3.199 [10] Laasik R,Lankinen P,Kivimäki M,et al. Return to work after lumbar disc herniation surgery: an occupational cohort study[J]. Acta Orthop,2021,92(6):638-643. doi: 10.1080/17453674.2021.1951010 [11] 赵玉敏,胡艳萍. 腰椎间盘突出症合理补充维生素D的临床意义[J]. 中国基层医药,2016,23(23):3. [12] Ertugrul B,Akgun B,Artas G,et al. Evaluation of BMP-2,VEGF,and vitamin D receptor levels in the ligamentum flavum of patients with lumbar spinal stenosis and disc herniation[J]. Turk Neurosurg,2022,32(1):91-96. [13] Liu C,Kuang X,Li K,et al. Effects of combined calcium and vitamin D supplementation on osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J]. Food Funct,2020,11(12):10817-10827. doi: 10.1039/D0FO00787K [14] Yang R,Chen J,Zhang J,et al. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D protects against age-related osteoporosis by a novel VDR-Ezh2-p16 signal axis[J]. Aging Cell,2020,19(2):e13095. [15] Chang S W,Lee H C. Vitamin D and health-the missing vitamin in humans[J]. Pediatr Neonatol,2019,60(3):237-244. doi: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2019.04.007 [16] Żebrowska A,Sadowska-Krępa E,Stanula A,et al. The effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum total 25(OH) levels and biochemical markers of skeletal muscles in runners[J]. J Int Soc Sports Nutr,2020,17(1):18. doi: 10.1186/s12970-020-00347-8 [17] 赵海洋,朱建民,张银网. 上海地区中老年人维生素D与骨密度之间的相关性调查[J]. 中国骨质疏松杂志,2014,20(3):292-296. [18] Kim T H,Lee B H,Lee H M,et al. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis and its relationship with pain[J]. Pain Physician,2013,16(2):165-76. [19] Tong T,Liu Z,Zhang H,et al. Age-dependent expression of the vitamin D receptor and the protective effect of vitamin D receptor activation on H2O2-induced apoptosis in rat intervertebral disc cells[J]. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol,2019,190(1):126-138. [20] 王俊武,陈东,南利平,等. 中老年腰椎间盘退变程度与椎旁肌退变及维生素D水平的相关性研究[J]. 中国脊柱脊髓杂志,2020,30(6):539-545. [21] Plaza-Manzano G,Cancela-Cilleruelo I,Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C,et al. Effects of adding a neurodynamic mobilization to motor control training in patients with lumbar radiculopathy due to disc herniation: a randomized clinical trial[J]. Am J Phys Med Rehabil,2020,99(2):124-132. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000001295 [22] 吴清英. 超声波联合牵引治疗对跳水运动员腰椎间盘突出症的疗效观察[J]. 中国体育科技,2018,54(2):121-124.