Relationship between Sleep Problems and Temperament among Infants Aged 12~ 35 Months
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摘要:
目的 分析12~35月龄幼儿的睡眠问题及气质特征,了解幼儿睡眠问题与气质的关系。 方法 选取有睡眠问题幼儿129例和正常对照组129例,采用简明婴幼儿睡眠问卷(brief infant sleep questionnaire,BISQ)调查幼儿睡眠问题,幼儿气质问卷调查幼儿气质。采用Logistic回归,探讨气质在睡眠问题中的作用。 结果 12~35月龄有睡眠问题的幼儿气质类型以易养型、中间偏易养型为主;有睡眠问题的幼儿与对照组在易养型气质类型的比较上差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);与对照组相比有睡眠问题幼儿的趋避性、适应性、情绪本质、坚持性、注意分散度5个气质维度差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。与气质类型为易养型相比,中间偏易养型及启动缓慢型的幼儿睡眠问题发生的比例高(P均< 0.05)。 结论 12~35月龄幼儿的睡眠问题与气质类型有一定关系,早期掌握幼儿的睡眠问题与气质特征可以指导幼儿家长及时调整教育方式,给予幼儿家长“个体化”的睡眠指导及干预,减少远期发育问题的发生,促进幼儿的身心健康发展。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the sleep problems and temperament characteristics of children aged 12-35 months so as to understand the relationship between the sleep problems and temperament in early childhood. Methods 129 toddlers with sleep problems and 129 normal controls were selected. The brief infant sleep questionnaire (BISQ) was used to investigate children’ s sleep problems and the temperament questionnaire was used to investigate their temperament characteristics. The influence of temperament on sleep problems was analyzed by Logistic regression analysis. Results The temperament types of children aged 12 to 35 months with sleep problems were mainly easy to cultivate and moderately easy to cultivate. There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in the comparison of easily cultivating temperament types between the children with the sleep problems and the control group; Compared with the control group, there were statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in the five dimensions of avoidance, adaptability, emotional essence, persistence, and attention dispersion among children with sleep problems. Compared with the temperament type of easy to cultivate, the proportion of sleep problems in children intermediately easy to cultivate and slow to start was higher (both P < 0.05) Conclusion There is a certain relationship between the sleep problems and temperament types in children aged 12 to 35 months. Early understanding of sleep problems and temperament characteristics of toddlers can guide parents to adjust their education methods in time, give parents "individualized" sleep guidance and intervention, reduce the occurrence of long-term development problems and promote the healthy physical and mental development of toddlers. -
Key words:
- Infants /
- Sleep problems /
- Temperament types /
- Temperament dimensions
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表 1 不同睡眠问题幼儿气质类型[n(%)]
Table 1. Temperament types of toddlers with different sleep problems [n(%)]
睡眠问题 n 气质类型 χ2 P 易养型 难养型 中间偏易养型 中间偏难养型 启动缓慢型 夜醒
是
否
94
35
27(28.5)
14(40)
8(8.5)
4(11.4)
41(43.6)
15(42.9)
6(6.4)
0(0)
12(12.8)
2(5.7)4.660 0.324 入睡困难
是
否
睡眠节律紊乱
是
否
94
35
13
116
28(29.8)
13(37.1)
6(46.2)
35(30.2)
10(10.6)
2(5.7)
2(15.4)
10(8.6)
39(41.5)
17(48.6)
3(23.1)
53(45.7)
5(5.3)
1(2.9)
2(15.4)
4(3.4)
12(12.8)
2(5.7)
0(0)
14(12.1)2.895
8.0410.576
0.090表 2 不同组幼儿气质构成比较[n(%)]
Table 2. Comparison of temperament composition of toddlers in different groups [n(%)]
特征 n 气质类型 χ2 P 易养型 难养型 中间偏易养型 中间偏难养型 启动缓慢型 有睡眠问题
男
女
70
59
22(31.3)
19(32.2)
7(10.0)
5(8.5)
33(47.1)
23(39.0)
4(5.7)
2(3.4)
4(5.7)
10(16.9)4.673 0.323 无睡眠问题
男
女
74
55
33(44.6)
32(58.2)
5(6.8)
2(3.6)
29(39.2)
16(29.1)
3(4.1)
1(1.8)
4(5.4)
4(7.3)3.330 0.504 χ2
P9.223
0.002*1.420
0.2331.969
0.1610.416
0.5191.789
0.181*P < 0.05。 表 3 不同组幼儿气质维度比较($\bar x \pm s $)
Table 3. Comparison of temperament dimensions between in different groups ($\bar x \pm s $)
气质维度 有睡眠问题 无睡眠问题 t P 活动水平 3.78±0.54 3.64±0.57 1.740 0.084 节律性 2.72±0.62 2.611±0.64 1.220 0.224 趋避性 3.04±0.85 2.79±0.77 2.321 0.021* 适应性 3.27±0.62 2.90±0.71 4.001 0.000* 反应强度 3.99±0.54 3.97±0.65 0.266 0.791 情绪本质 2.96±0.51 2.67±0.56 3.963 0.000* 坚持性 3.40±0.69 2.94±0.71 4.765 0.000* 注意分散度 4.12±0.62 3.91±0.59 2.590 0.010* 反应阈值 3.57±0.69 3.74±0.66 −1.891 0.060 *P < 0.05。 表 4 不同性别睡眠问题幼儿气质维度得分情况[($\bar x \pm s $),分]
Table 4. Temperament dimension scores of toddlers with sleep problems of different genders [($\bar x \pm s $),points]
气质维度 男幼儿 t P 女幼儿 t P 有睡眠问题 无睡眠问题 有睡眠问题 无睡眠问题 活动水平 3.88±0.55 3.76±0.55 1.181 0.240 3.65±0.50 3.48±0.57 1.472 0.145 节律性 2.67±0.60 2.60±0.63 0.544 0.588 2.78±0.65 2.62±0.67 1.162 0.249 趋避性 2.90±0.72 2.77±0.74 0.940 0.349 3.22±0.96 2.81±0.81 2.259 0.026* 适应性 3.31±0.65 2.98±0.71 2.658 0.009* 3.22±0.58 2.80±0.71 3.090 0.003* 反应强度 3.96±0.49 4.02±0.70 −0.520 0.605 4.02±0.60 3.89±0.59 1.028 0.307 情绪本质 2.98±0.50 2.71±0.58 2.636 0.010* 2.94±0.51 2.61±0.54 3.034 0.003* 坚持性 3.42±0.73 2.93±0.68 3.774 0.000* 3.37±0.64 2.95±0.75 2.886 0.005* 注意分散度 4.16±0.64 3.86±0.63 2.581 0.011* 4.07±0.61 3.96±0.54 0.925 0.357 反应阈值 3.50±0.63 3.74±0.68 −1.985 0.050 3.66±0.75 3.75±0.64 −0.675 0.501 *P < 0.05。 表 5 幼儿气质与睡眠问题的Logistic回归分析
Table 5. Logistic regression analysis of temperament and sleep problems in toddlers
气质类型 偏回归系数(β) 偏回归系数标准误(S.E) Wald χ2 OR P 95%CI 易养型(参考) 难养型 −1.000 0.516 3.758 0.368 0.053 0.134~1.011 中间偏易养型 −0.680 0.283 5.782 0.507 0.016* 0.291~0.882 中间偏难养型 −0.866 0.676 1.644 0.421 0.200 0.112~1.581 启动缓慢型 −1.020 0.486 4.408 0.360 0.036* 0.139~0.934 *P < 0.05。 -
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