Evaluation and Clinical Analysis of Extubation Related Indicators (Diaphragmatic Ultrasound,GCS and RCPF) in Patients with Brain Injury Undergoing Tracheotomy
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摘要:
目的 探讨膈肌超声、反射性咳嗽峰流速(reflex cough peak flow,RCPF)、拉斯哥昏迷评分(glasgow coma scale,GCS)在脑损伤气管切开术后患者拔管评估中的应用价值。 方法 回顾性分析昆明医科大学第二附属医院康复医学中心2024年8月至2025年10月收治的39例脑损伤气管切开术后患者,按住院期间拔管情况分为拔管成功组(19例)和拔管未成功组(20例)。收集患者的一般临床资料、膈肌超声、RCPF、GCS、白介素6(interleukin-6,IL-6)等指标,检测均于拔管前24 h内完成。采用单因素分析、逐步法二元Logistic回归及ROC曲线进行探索性统计分析。 结果 拔管成功组的膈肌增厚分数(diaphragm thickening fraction,DTF)、膈肌移动度(diaphragmatic excursion,DE)、RCPF、GCS显著高于拔管未成功组(P < 0.05);两组吸气末膈肌厚度(diaphragm thickness at end inspiration,DTei)、IL-6比较差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。Logistic回归显示,RCPF、GCS评分与拔管结局相关(P < 0.05);二者联合评估AUC达0.911,其检测敏感度为89.50%、特异度为75.00%;模型拟合及验证效果良好。 结论 DTF、DE、RCPF、GCS均与拔管情况相关,其中RCPF与GCS联合评估效能较好。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the application value of diaphragmatic ultrasound, reflex cough peak flow (RCPF) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) in extubation evaluation of patients with brain injury after tracheotomy. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 39 patients with brain injury after tracheotomy admitted to the Rehabilitation Medicine Center of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from August 2024 to October 2025. The patients were divided into successful extubation group (19 cases) and a failed extubation group (20 cases) according to extubation outcomes during hospitalization. General clinical data, diaphragm ultrasound parameters, RCPF, GCS and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were collected and all examinations were completed within 24 hours before extubation. Exploratory statistical analyses were conducted using univariate analysis, stepwise binary Logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results The diaphragm thickening fraction (DTF), diaphragm excursion (DE), RCPF, and GCS in the successful extubation group were significantly higher than those in the failed extubation group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in diaphragm thickness at end inspiration (DTei) or IL-6 between the two groups (P > 0.05). Logistic regression showed that RCPF and GCS were correlated with extubation outcomes (P < 0.05). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of combined evaluation of the two indicators was 0.911, with a sensitivity of 89.50% and a specificity of 75.00%, indicating satisfactory model fitting and validation performance. Conclusion This study demonstrates that DTF, DE, RCPF, and GCS score are all associated with extubation outcomes, among which the combined evaluation of RCPF and GCS score presents favorable predictive efficacy. -
图 1 膈肌超声测量图
A:平静呼吸时膈肌厚度的测量方式:把线性阵列探头放在右侧腋前线第7/8或8/9肋间,探头顺着肋间隙放置,此处最容易看到膈肌。二维视窗下识别胸膜与腹膜两条高回声线之间的低回声膈肌,再转 M 模式使取样线垂直肌束,分别在呼气末和吸气末测量DT,测量3次数值,D1为2.8mm,D2为3.0mm,D3为3.2mm;B:平静呼吸时膈肌移动度测量方式:于右锁骨中线肋弓下以2–5 MHz凸阵探头取肝窗显示膈顶,将M型取样线垂直置于膈顶后1/3处,连续记录≥3个呼吸周期,测量吸气末最高点至呼气末最低点的垂直位移即为DE。图中红色虚线表示膈肌在呼气末的位置,绿色虚线表示膈肌在吸气末的位置。两者之间的垂直距离即为DE。
Figure 1. Diaphragm ultrasound measurement
表 1 拔管成功组与拔管未成功组一般资料比较[$ \bar x \pm s $/n(%)/M(P25,P75)]
Table 1. Comparison of general data between successful extubation group and unsuccessful extubation group [$ \bar x \pm s $/n(%)/M(P25,P75)]
指标 拔管成功组(n = 19) 拔管未成功组(n = 20) t/z/χ2 P 年龄(岁) 52.84±14.435 59.30±7.665 1.758 0.087 性别 0.067 男 10(47.37) 16(80.00) 女 9(52.63) 4(20.00) 偏瘫侧 0.892 左偏瘫 6(31.58) 5(25.00) 右侧偏瘫 4(21.05) 5(25.00) 四肢瘫 9(47.37) 10(50.00) 脑损伤类型 0.521 脑卒中 15(78.95) 14(70.00) 脑外伤 4(21.05) 6(30.00) BMI 22.62±4.22 23.81±3.36 0.977 0.335 留置气管套管时间(天) 31.00(15.50,54.50) 46.00(30.00,120.00) −1.448 0.148 性别、偏瘫侧、脑损伤类型比较采用Fisher确切概率法,P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。 表 2 拔管成功组与拔管未成功组膈肌超声结果比较($ \bar x \pm s $)
Table 2. Comparison of diaphragmatic ultrasound results between successful extubation group and unsuccessful extubation group ($ \bar x \pm s $)
组别 DTei(mm) DTF(%) DE(mm) 拔管成功组(n = 19) 2.20±0.50 20.33±9.00* 13.88±7.63* 拔管未成功组(n = 20) 1.94±0.25 12.77±9.08 7.65±3.51 t −2.026 −2.611 −3.250 P 0.053 0.013* 0.003* *P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。 表 3 拔管成功组与拔管未成功组反射性咳嗽峰流速结果比较[M(P25,P75)]
Table 3. Comparison of reflex cough peak flow between successful extubation group and unsuccessful extubation group [M(P25,P75)]
指标 拔管成功组(n = 19) 拔管未成功组(n = 20) Z P RCPF(L/min) 150.33(125.67,174.00) 95.17(61.25,108.75) −4.243 <0.001* *P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。 表 4 拔管成功组与拔管未成功组其他相关评估指标比较[($ \bar x \pm s $)/M(P25,P75)]
Table 4. Comparison of other relevant assessment indicators between successful extubation group and unsuccessful extubation group group[($ \bar x \pm s $)/M(P25,P75)]
指标 拔管成功组(n = 19) 拔管未成功组(n = 20) t/z P GCS(分) 11.05±2.82 7.80±3.17 −3.78 0.002* IL-6(pg/mL) 9.08(5.56,18.26) 22.37(6.98,34.71) −1.50 0.13 *P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。 表 5 成功拔除气管套管的logistic回归分析
Table 5. Logistic regression analysis of successful extubation
参数 β SE waldc2 P OR(95%CI) RCPF(L/min) 0.049 0.021 5.589 0.018* 1.050(1.008,1.093) GCS(分) 0.487 0.226 4.643 0.031* 1.628(1.045,2.535) DE(mm) 0.268 0.165 2.643 0.104 1.308(0.946,1.808) 常量 −12.897 4.887 6.965 *P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。 -
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