Analysis of Initial Vancomycin Dosing Regimens for Elderly Patients Based on Guidelines
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摘要:
目的 依据《中国万古霉素治疗药物监测指南(2020更新版)》,分析老年患者万古霉素稳态血药谷浓度(以下简称谷浓度)达标情况及肾毒性发生情况,探讨初始给药方案的适宜性。 方法 回顾性收集307例使用万古霉素的老年患者临床资料,按肌酐清除率(creatinine clearance,Ccr)分组,分析不同Ccr组内各给药方案的谷浓度达标率与肾毒性发生率。 结果 仅39.8%的老年患者初始给药方案符合指南推荐,41.6%的患者日剂量超过指南推荐范围。万古霉素谷浓度总达标率为41.7%,不同Ccr组间差异有统计学差异(χ2 = 24.652,P = 0.006)。在Ccr 30~39.99 mL/min组中,1 g qd/0.5 g q12 h方案的达标率高于0.5 g qd(P = 0.007);在Ccr 40~54.99 mL/min组中,0.5 g q8 h方案达标率高于1g qd/0.5 g q12 h(P = 0.006)。肾毒性总发生率为16.9%,多因素分析显示,年龄、是否入住ICU、万古霉素谷浓度是老年患者发生肾毒性的独立危险因素。 结论 对于Ccr 30~54.99 mL/min的老年患者,在指南推荐基础上优化给药方案(Ccr 30~39.99 mL/min时采用1 g qd或0.5 g q12 h,Ccr 40~54.99 mL/min时采用0.5 g q8 h)有助于提高谷浓度达标率,且未观察到肾毒性风险的显著增加。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the achievement rate of steady-state trough concentrations (hereinafter referred to as trough concentrations) and the occurrence of nephrotoxicity in elderly patients receiving vancomycin, and to explore the appropriateness of initial dosing regimens based on the Chinese Guidelines for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Vancomycin (2020 Update). Methods Clinical data of 307 elderly patients treated with vancomycin were retrospectively collected. Patients were stratified by creatinine clearance (Ccr), and the achievement rate of trough concentrations and the incidence of nephrotoxicity were analyzed for different dosing regimens within each Ccr stratum. Results Only 39.8% of the initial dosing regimens in elderly patients were consistent with the guideline recommendations, and 41.6% of patients had daily doses exceeding the recommended range. The overall achievement rate of vancomycin trough concentrations was 41.7%, with statistically significant differences among different Ccr groups(χ2 = 24.652, P = 0.006). In the Ccr 30~39.99 mL/min group, the achievement rates of the 1g qd and 0.5g q12 h regimens were higher than that of the 0.5g qd regimen (P = 0.007); in the Ccr 40~54.99 mL/min group, the achievement rate of the 0.5g q8 h regimen was higher than those of the 1g qd and 0.5g q12 h regimens (P = 0.006). The overall incidence of nephrotoxicity was 16.9%. Multivariate analysis identified age, ICU admission, and vancomycin trough concentration as independent risk factors for nephrotoxicity in elderly patients. Conclusion For elderly patients with Ccr 30~54.99 mL/min, optimizing the dosing regimen based on guideline recommendations (1g qd or 0.5g q12 h for Ccr 30~39.99 mL/min; 0.5g q8 h for Ccr 40~54.99 mL/min) could improve the achievement rate of trough concentrations without significantly increasing the risk of nephrotoxicity. -
Key words:
- Vancomycin /
- Elderly patients /
- Trough concentration
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表 1 不同Ccr组万古霉素给药方案分布[n(%)]
Table 1. Distribution of vancomycin administration protocol in different creatinine clearance rate groups [n (%)]
肌酐清除率/(mL/min) 指南推荐的初始给药方案 例数 初始给药方案 0.5 g qd 1 g qd/0.5 g q12 h 0.5 g q8 h 1 g q12 h <30 0.5 g q24 h-q48 h 25(8.1) 13(52.0) 10(40.0) 2(8.0) 0 30~39.99 0.75 g q24 h 32(10.4) 7(21.9) 17(53.1) 3(9.4) 5(15.6) 40~54.99 0.5 g q12 h 70(22.8) 2(2.9) 32(45.7) 15(21.4) 21(30.0) 55~74.99 0.75 g q12 h 94(30.6) 1(1.1) 17(18.1) 37(39.4) 39(41.5) 75~89.99 1 g q12 h 48(15.6) 0 7(14.6) 16(33.3) 25(52.1) ≥90 未推荐 38(12.4) 0 2(5.3) 8(21.1) 28(73.7) 合计 307 23(7.5) 85(27.7) 81(26.4) 118(38.4) 表 2 万古霉素谷浓度分布及达标率情况[n(%)]
Table 2. Distribution and target attainment rate of vancomycin trough concentrations [n (%)]
肌酐清除率/(mL/min) 例数 谷浓度/(10 mg/L) 谷浓度分布 <10 mg/L
(未达标)10~20 mg/L
(达标)>20 mg/L
(超标)<30 25 12.9(9.5,16.3) 7(28.0) 15(60.0) 3(12.0) 30~39.99 32 12.1(7.6,19.9) 13(40.6) 12(37.5) 7(21.9) 40~54.99 70 13.0(8.4,20.7) 23(32.9) 26(37.1) 21(30.0) 55~74.99 94 10.9(7.9,15.3) 42(44.7) 43(45.7) 9(9.6) 75~89.99 48 10.2(7.0,14.3) 23(47.9) 20(41.7) 5(10.4) ≥90 38 9.4(7.0,12.5) 23(60.5) 12(31.6) 3(7.9) 合计 307 131(42.7) 128(41.7) 48(15.6) 表 3 不同给药方案下万古霉素谷浓度达标率情况[n(%)]
Table 3. Target attainment rates of vancomycin trough concentrations across different dosing regimens [n (%)]
给药方案 谷浓度达标情况 例数 肌酐清除率/(mL/min) <30 30~39.99 40~54.99 55~74.99 75~89.99 ≥90 0.5 g qd 未达标 14(60.9) 5(20.0) 7(21.9) 1(1.4) 1(1.1) 0 0 达标 9(39.1) 8(32.0) 0 1(1.4) 0 0 0 超标 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 g qd/0.5 g q12 h 未达标 42(49.4) 2(8.0) 5(15.6) 18(25.7) 11(11.7) 4(8.3) 2(5.3) 达标 32(37.6) 6(24.0) 10(31.3) 8(11.4) 5(5.3) 3(6.3) 0 超标 11(12.9) 2(8.0) 2(6.3) 6(8.6) 1(1.1) 0 0 0.5 g q8 h 未达标 33(40.2) 0 1(3.1) 2(2.9) 16(17.0) 8(16.7) 6(15.8) 达标 40(48.8) 1(4.0) 0 11(15.7) 20(21.3) 7(14.6) 1(2.6) 超标 9(11.0) 1(4.0) 2(6.3) 3(4.3) 1(1.1) 1(2.1) 1(2.6) 1 g q12 h 未达标 42(35.9) 0 0 2(2.9) 14(14.9) 11(22.9) 15(39.5) 达标 47(40.2) 0 2(6.3) 6(8.6) 18(19.1) 10(20.8) 11(28.9) 超标 28(23.9) 0 3(9.4) 12(17.1) 7(7.4) 4(8.3) 2(5.3) 合计 307 25 32 70 94 48 38 表 4 不同给药方案下万古霉素肾毒性发生情况[n(%)]
Table 4. Incidence of vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity across different dosing regimens [n (%)]
肌酐清除率/(mL/min) 例数 肾毒性例数 0.5 g qd 1 g qd/0.5 g q12 h 0.5 g q8 h 1 g q12 h 是 否 是 否 是 否 是 否 <30 25 6(24.0) 2(8.0) 11(44.0) 2(8.0) 8(32.0) 2(8.0) 0 0 0 30~39.99 32 3(9.4) 0 7(21.9) 3(9.4) 14(43.8) 0 3(9.4) 0 5(15.6) 40~54.99 70 13(18.6) 0 2(2.9) 3(4.3) 29(41.4) 2(2.9) 13(18.6) 8(11.4) 13(18.6) 55~74.99 94 16(17.0) 1(1.1) 0 2(2.1) 15(16.0) 5(5.3) 32(34.0) 8(8.5) 31(33.0) 75~89.99 48 10(20.8) 0 0 1(2.1) 6(12.5) 5(10.4) 11(22.9) 4(8.3) 21(43.8) ≥90 38 4(10.5) 0 0 0 2(5.3) 2(5.3) 6(15.8) 2(5.3) 26(68.4) 合计 307 52(16.9) 3(1.0) 20(6.5) 11(3.6) 74(24.1) 16(5.2) 65(21.2) 22(7.2) 96(31.3) 表 5 肾毒性发生相关影响因素的赋值情况
Table 5. Value assignment of factors associated with the occurrence of nephrotoxicity
因素 变量类型 赋值 是否发生肾毒性 两分类 否=0,是=1 性别 有序多分类 男=1 ,女=2 年龄分组 有序多分类 65~74岁=1,75~84岁=2,85岁以上=3 BMI 数值变量 具体数值 是否入住ICU 两分类 否=0 ,是=1 是否合并用肾毒性药物 两分类 否=0,是=1 谷浓度 有序多分类 具体数值 给药方案 无序多分类 0.5g qd=1,1g qd/0.5g q12 h=2,0.5g q8 h=3,1g q12 h=4做哑变量处理 用药前Ccr分组 有序多分类 <30=1,30~39.99=2,40~54.99=3,55~74.99=4,75~89.99=5,≥90=6 表 6 探索肾毒性发生的影响因素Logistic分析结果
Table 6. Results of logistic analysis exploring influencing factors for the occurrence of nephrotoxicity
因素 β Wald P OR OR的 95% 可信区间 下限 上限 性别 0.290 0.605 0.437 1.337 0.643 2.777 年龄分组 0.586 4.397 0.036 1.797 1.039 3.108 BMI 0.067 1.464 0.226 1.070 0.959 1.193 是否入住ICU 0.792 4.273 0.039 2.208 1.042 4.677 谷浓度 0.105 22.405 <0.001 1.111 1.064 1.160 是否肾毒性药物 0.783 0.527 0.468 2.188 0.264 18.117 给药方案(0.5 g qd) − 3.538 0.316 Ref − − 给药方案(1 g qd/0.5 g q12 h) 1.158 1.860 0.173 3.184 0.603 16.823 给药方案(0.5 g q8 h) −0.046 0.007 0.935 0.955 0.319 2.857 给药方案(1 g q12 h) 0.492 1.125 0.289 1.636 0.659 4.061 用药前Ccr分组 0.199 1.297 0.255 1.220 0.866 1.718 -
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