Effects of Airway Clearance Technique Combined with Tongue Muscle Training on Post-stroke Dysphagia
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摘要:
目的 探讨气道廓清技术联合舌肌训练对卒中吞咽障碍患者吞咽功能的影响。 方法 选取在武汉市汉口医院(武汉市康复医院)诊治的卒中吞咽障碍的120例患者,选取时间段为2023年5月至2024年5月,按照治疗方式的不同将患者随机分为S组57例(仅给予舌肌训练)与L组63例(给予气道廓清技术联合舌肌训练)。对比2组患者临床效果。观察2组干预前及干预2个月后吞咽功能、表面肌电图、生活质量及营养状况变化,并于干预后6个月进行随访评估。 结果 干预后,L组电视X线透视吞咽功能检查(videofluoroscopic swallowing study ,VFSS)评分、吞咽障碍的结局和严重程度量表(dysphagia outcome and severity scale ,DOSS)评分均明显高于S组(t = 4.786,P < 0.001;t = 7.200,P < 0.001),标准吞咽功能评估量表(standardized swallowing assessment ,SSA)评分明显低于S组(t = 5.623,P < 0.001),最大波幅值高于S组(t = 4.882,P < 0.001),吞咽时程短于S组(t = 2.994,P < 0.05)。此外,L组吞咽障碍特异性生活质量量表(swallowing quality of life questionnaire ,SWAL-QOL)评分、微型营养评估简表(mini nutritional assessment short-form ,MNA-SF)评分、血清白蛋白及体重指数(body mass index,BMI)均显著优于S组(均P < 0.05)。干预后6个月随访显示,L组吞咽功能及营养指标仍优于S组,且吸入性肺炎发生率低于S组(3.17% vs 12.28%,P < 0.05)。 结论 气道廓清技术联合舌肌训练可改善卒中后吞咽障碍患者的吞咽功能及表面肌电图参数,提升生活质量和营养状况,6个月随访仍有一定疗效。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the effect of airway clearance technique combined with tongue muscle training on swallowing function in stroke patients with dysphagia. Methods A total of 120 patients with post-stroke dysphagia diagnosed and treated at Hankou Hospital between May 2023 and May 2024 were enrolled. According to different treatment modalities, the patients were randomly divided into group S (n = 57, receiving tongue muscle training alone) and group L (n = 63, receiving airway clearance techniques combined with tongue muscle training). The clinical outcomes of the two groups were compared. Changes in swallowing function, surface electromyography (sEMG), quality of life, and nutritional status were observed before intervention and after 2 months of intervention, and follow-up assessment was conducted at 6 months after intervention. Result After intervention, the videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) score and the dysphagia outcome and severity scale (DOSS) score in group L were significantly higher than those in group S (t = 4.786, P < 0.001; t = 7.200, P < 0.001), while the standardized swallowing assessment (SSA) score was significantly lower than that in group S (t=5.623, P<0.001). The peak amplitude was higher than that of group ST(t = 4.882, P < 0.001), and the swallowing duration was shorter than that of group S (t = 2.994, P < 0.05). In addition, the scores of swallowing quality of life questionnaire (SWAL-QOL), mini nutritional assessment short form (MNA-SF) score, serum albumin, and body mass index (BMI) in Group L were all significantly better than those in group S (all P < 0.05). Follow up at 6 months after intervention showed that the swallowing function and nutritional indicators of group L remained superior to those in group S, and the incidence of aspiration pneumonia was lower than that of group S (3.17% vs 12.28%, P < 0.05). Conclusion Airway clearance techniques combined with tongue muscle training can improve the swallowing function and surface electromyography parameters of post-stroke dysphagia patients, enhance quality of life and nutritional status, and still demonstrate a therapeutic effects after a 6-month follow-up. -
表 1 两组患者基线资料比较[($\bar x \pm s $)/n(%)]
Table 1. Comparison of baseline characteristics between the two groups[($\bar x \pm s $)/n(%)]
指标 S组(n = 57) L组(n = 63) t/χ2 P 年龄(岁) 51.38 ± 7.26 52.69 ± 7.10 1.004 0.318 性别(男/女) 32/25 38/25 0.237 0.626 病程(d) 27.54 ± 8.12 28.11 ± 7.95 0.391 0.697 病变性质(脑出血/脑梗死,n) 24/33 22/41 0.602 0.438 病变部位 0.101 0.951 大脑半球 30(52.63) 34(53.97) 脑干 17(29.82) 18(28.57) 多部位 10(17.54) 11(17.46) 吞咽障碍类型 0.271 0.873 口腔期 12(21.05) 15(23.81) 咽期 33(57.89) 34(53.97) 混合型 12(21.05) 14(22.22) 吞咽障碍严重程度 0.080 0.961 3级 25(43.86) 28(44.44) 4级 23(40.35) 26(41.27) 5级 9(15.79) 9(14.29) NIHSS评分(分) 12.4 ± 2.1 12.6 ± 2.3 0.498 0.619 合并高血压 38(66.7) 41(65.1) 0.034 0.855 合并糖尿病 15(26.3) 17(27.0) 0.007 0.934 康复疗程完成率(%) 95.2 ± 3.8 94.8 ± 4.1 0.556 0.580 注:S组为舌肌训练组,L组为气道廓清技术联合舌肌训练组;NIHSS为美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表。 表 2 2组患者吞咽功能对比($\bar x \pm s $)
Table 2. Comparison of swallowing function between the two groups ($\bar x \pm s $)
指标 时间点 S组(n = 57) L组(n = 63) t P VFSS评分(分) 干预前 2.32 ± 0.57 2.24 ± 0.59 0.732 0.465 干预后 5.25 ± 1.28△ 6.37 ± 1.29a△ 4.786 <0.001* SSA评分(分) 干预前 38.26 ± 4.13 37.52 ± 5.47 0.828 0.409 干预后 29.30 ± 5.18△ 24.26 ± 4.62 a△ 5.623 <0.001* DOSS评分(分) 干预前 2.10 ± 0.70 2.08 ± 0.83 0.184 0.854 干预后 5.25 ± 0.76△ 6.21 ± 0.70 a△ 7.200 <0.001* 与同期S组比较,aP < 0.05;与同组干预前比较,△P < 0.05;*P < 0.05。 表 3 2组患者表面肌电图变化分析($\bar x \pm s $)
Table 3. Analysis of surface electromyography changes in the two groups($\bar x \pm s $)
指标 时间点 S组(n = 57) L组(n = 63) t P 最大波幅值(μV) 干预前 330.19 ± 31.62 325.29 ± 30.57 0.864 0.389 干预后 685.67 ± 40.84△ 722.48 ± 41.60 a△ 4.882 <0.001* 吞咽时程(s) 干预前 1.82 ± 0.54 1.75 ± 0.44 0.879 0.381 干预后 1.46 ± 0.54△ 1.17 ± 0.49 a△ 2.994 0.003* 与同期S组比较,aP < 0.05;与同组干预前比较,△P < 0.05;*P < 0.05。 表 4 2组患者并发症发生对比[n(%)]
Table 4. Comparison of complications between the two groups [n(%)]
不良事件 S组(n = 57) L组(n = 63) χ2 P 轻度 中度 总计 轻度 中度 总计 急性肌张力障碍 1(1.75) 0 1(1.75) 2(3.17) 1(1.59) 3(4.76) 0.862 0.353 呛咳 1(1.75) 0 1(1.75) 1(1.59) 0 1(1.59) 0.005 0.942 呕吐 2(3.51) 0 2(3.51) 2(3.17) 1(1.59) 3(4.76) 0.118 0.732 合计 4(7.02) 0 4(7.02) 5(7.94) 2(3.17) 7(11.11) 0.602 0.438 表 5 两组干预结束2个月后(入组后第6个月)临床硬终点事件比较[n(%)]
Table 5. Comparison of hard clinical endpoint events between the two groups at 2 months after intervention completion (month 6 after enrollment)[n(%)]
临床硬终点 S组(n = 57) L组(n = 63) χ2 P 吸入性肺炎 7(12.28) 2(3.17) 4.128 0.042 发热性肺炎事件 5(8.77) 1(1.59) — 0.097 因吞咽问题再入院 4(7.02) 1(1.59) — 0.187 注:S组为舌肌训练组,L组为气道廓清技术联合舌肌训练组;“—”为Fisher确切概率法,无χ2值。 表 6 两组患者干预结束2个月后(入组后第6个月)吞咽功能及并发症比较[($\bar x \pm s $)/n(%)]
Table 6. Comparison of swallowing function and complications between the two groups at 2 months after the end of intervention (month 6 after enrollment) [($\bar x \pm s $)/n(%)]
组别 S组(n = 57) L组(n = 63) t/χ2 P VFSS评分(分) 5.82 ± 1.42 6.79 ± 1.38 3.892 <0.001* SSA评分(分) 28.15 ± 4.92 23.42 ± 4.35 5.672 <0.001* DOSS评分(分) 5.58 ± 0.84 6.38 ± 0.75 5.423 <0.001* 吸入性肺炎 7(12.28) 2(3.17) 4.128 0.042* 营养不良 10(17.54) 4(6.35) 4.562 0.033* *P < 0.05。 表 7 两组患者干预结束2个月后(入组后第6个月)生活质量及营养状况比较($\bar x \pm s $)
Table 7. Comparison of quality of life and nutritional status between the two groups at 2 months after the end of intervention (month 6 after enrollment) ($\bar x \pm s $)
组别 S组(n = 57) L组(n = 63) t/χ2 P SWAL-QOL评分(分) 58.32 ± 6.45 68.75 ± 7.12 8.452 <0.001* MNA-SF评分(分) 9.82 ± 1.56 11.45 ± 1.72 5.342 <0.001* 血清白蛋白(g/L) 35.42 ± 3.28 38.67 ± 3.51 5.128 <0.001* BMI(kg/m2) 21.35 ± 2.14 22.86 ± 2.37 3.672 <0.001* *P < 0.05。 -
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