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MoCA/MMSE联合NPAR对2型糖尿病周围神经病变的判别效能

张晏祯 史丽 袁玲艳 牛红英 田培馨 徐玉善

张晏祯, 史丽, 袁玲艳, 牛红英, 田培馨, 徐玉善. MoCA/MMSE联合NPAR对2型糖尿病周围神经病变的判别效能[J]. 昆明医科大学学报.
引用本文: 张晏祯, 史丽, 袁玲艳, 牛红英, 田培馨, 徐玉善. MoCA/MMSE联合NPAR对2型糖尿病周围神经病变的判别效能[J]. 昆明医科大学学报.
Yanzhen ZHANG, Li SHI, Lingyan YUAN, Hongying NIU, Peixin TIAN, Yushan XU. Discriminative Performance of the Combined MoCA/MMSE and NPAR for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-related Peripheral Neuropathy[J]. Journal of Kunming Medical University.
Citation: Yanzhen ZHANG, Li SHI, Lingyan YUAN, Hongying NIU, Peixin TIAN, Yushan XU. Discriminative Performance of the Combined MoCA/MMSE and NPAR for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-related Peripheral Neuropathy[J]. Journal of Kunming Medical University.

MoCA/MMSE联合NPAR对2型糖尿病周围神经病变的判别效能

基金项目: 云南省科技厅科技计划项目(202301AY070001-290);云南省“兴滇英才支持计划”青年人才专项基金(RLQ820220008);云南省内分泌代谢疾病临床医学中心科研项目(2024YNLCYXZX0069;2024YNLCYXZX0074;2024YNLCYXZX0076);云南省代谢性疾病临床医学研究中心(202505AJ310007)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    张晏祯(1995~),女,云南曲靖人,医学硕士,主治医师,主要从事内分泌及代谢性相关疾病临床工作

    史丽与张晏祯对本文有同等贡献

    通讯作者:

    徐玉善,E-mail:xuyushan1019@126.com

  • 中图分类号: R587.2

Discriminative Performance of the Combined MoCA/MMSE and NPAR for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-related Peripheral Neuropathy

  • 摘要:   目的  探讨蒙特利尔认知评估量表(montreal cognitive assessment,MoCA)、简易精神状态检查量表(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)及中性粒细胞百分比与白蛋白比值(neutrophil percentage to albumin ratio,NPAR)与糖尿病周围神经病变(diabetic peripheral neuropathy,DPN)之间的相关性及其判别效能。  方法  收集2025年7月至2025年11月期间在陆良县第一人民医院内分泌科就诊的171例2型糖尿病患者作为研究对象,根据是否合并糖尿病周围神经病变分为DPN组(n = 79)和非周围神经病变NDPN组(n = 92)。收集患者基本资料、检验结果,并进行MoCA/MMSE量表评分,经LASSO回归、Logistic回归分析相关性,并绘制ROC曲线以评估相关指标对DPN的判别效能。  结果  MoCA(OR = 0.857,95%CI 0.807~0.910,P < 0.001)、MMSE(OR = 0.824,95%CI 0.761~0.892,P < 0.001)与DPN风险呈负相关,而NPAR水平与DPN风险呈正相关(OR = 1.020,95%CI 1.008~1.032,P < 0.001)。在判别效能方面,MoCA(AUC为0.7477,95%CI0.67410.8213)与MMSE相近(AUC为0.7477,95%CI0.67200.8188,DeLong检验P = 0.911),但MoCA特异性更高、MMSE灵敏度更高。基础临床模型(AUC=0.786,95%CI0.71800.8539)对比认知量表MoCA联合NPAR(AUC=0.8254,95%CI0.76360.8872)、MMSE联合NPAR(AUC=0.8235,95%CI0.76060.8863),其判别效能显著提升(DeLong检验,P < 0.05),而MoCA、MMSE及NPAR三者联合模型与MoCA联合NPAR判别效能相当(DeLong检验,P > 0.05)。  结论  MoCA/MMSE量表及NPAR与DPN患者的发生风险存在相关性,其中MoCA/MMSE量表联合NPAR可有效提高DPN的判别效能。
  • 图  1  DPN相关影响因素的LASSO回归分析

    A:DPN影响因素筛选LASSO回归系数路线图;B:DPN影响因素筛选LASSO回归交叉验证曲线。

    Figure  1.  LASSO regression analysis of factors influencing DPN

    图  2  MoCA/MMSE等变量的共线性分析

    Figure  2.  Multicollinearity analysis of variables including MoCA and MMSE

    图  3  MoCA与DPN风险的分层亚组分析

    Figure  3.  Stratified subgroup analysis of the association between MoCA and DPN risk

    图  4  MMSE与DPN风险的分层亚组分析

    Figure  4.  Stratified subgroup analysis of the association between MMSE and DPN risk

    图  5  NPAR与DPN风险的分层亚组分析

    Figure  5.  Stratified subgroup analyses of the association between NPAR and DPN risk

    图  6  单一因素对DPN患病风险的ROC曲线

    A:MoCA与DPN;B:MMSE与DPN;C:NPAR与DPN;MoCA为蒙特利尔认知评估量表;MMSE为简易智力状态检查;NPAR为中性粒细胞与白蛋白比值;曲线下面积比较采用DeLong检验。

    Figure  6.  ROC curves for the risk of DPN based on individual factors

    图  7  多因素联合对DPN患病风险的ROC曲线

    A:基础综合模型的ROC曲线;B:在基础模型上分别联合MoCA、MMSE、NPAR的ROC曲线;C:将认知量表MoCA或者MMSE量表分别联合NPAR及基础模型的ROC曲线;D:联合MoCA量表、MMSE量表、NPAR及基础模型的ROC曲线;MoCA为蒙特利尔认知评估量表;MMSE为简易智力状态检查;NPAR为中性粒细胞与白蛋白比值;曲线下面积比较采用DeLong检验。

    Figure  7.  ROC curve for the combination of multiple factors for predicting DPN risk

    图  8  认知量表MoCA/MMSE量表分别联合NPAR及基础模型的校准曲线

    A:MoCA联合NPAR及基础模型的校准曲线;B:MMSE联合NPAR及基础模型的校准曲线;Ideal为理想校准参考线;Logistic calibration为逻辑回归拟合校准曲线;Nonparametric为Loess非参数平滑校准曲线;底部竖线代表各研究样本预测概率的分布情况;C(ROC)代表模型C-index;Brier为布里尔得分;Emax、E90、Eavg分别为最大校准误差、90%分位校准误差与平均校准误差;S:p为校准假设检验的P值。

    Figure  8.  Calibration curves for the cognitive scales MoCA/MMSE with models integrating NPAR with the baseline model

    表  1  一般资料比较 [n(%)/$ \bar x \pm s $]

    Table  1.   Comparison of general information [n(%)/$ \bar x \pm s $]

    项目 总体情况(n = 171) NDPN组(n = 92) DPN组(n = 79) χ2/t/Z P
    性别 0.001 0.990
     男 80(46.8) 43(46.7) 37(46.8)
     女 91(53.2) 49(53.3) 42(53.2)
    年龄(岁) 56.74 ± 12.10 53.02 ± 12.21 61.08 ± 10.48 −4.587 <0.001***
    学历 −4.468 <0.001***
     小学及以下 104(60.8) 42(45.7) 62(78.5)
     初中 41(24.0) 29(31.5) 12(15.2)
     高中 22(12.9) 17(18.5) 5(6.3)
     大学及以上 4(2.3) 4(4.3) 0(0.0)
    职业 14.498 0.013*
     工人 13(7.6) 6(6.5) 7(8.9)
     农民 119(69.6) 55(59.8) 64(81.0)
     专业技术人员 10(5.8) 8(8.7) 2(2.5)
     退休 9(5.3) 8(8.7) 1(1.3)
     自由职业 15(8.8) 12(13.0) 3(3.8)
     无业 5(2.9) 3(3.3) 2(2.5)
    糖尿病病程(年) −2.447 0.014*
     <1 51(29.8) 35(38.0) 16(20.3)
     6~10 34(19.9) 17(18.5) 17(21.5)
     11~15 18(10.5) 12(13.0) 6(7.6)
     >15 24(14.0) 7(7.6) 17(21.5)
    是否合并高血压 2.018 0.155
     是 66(38.6) 31(33.7) 35(44.3)
     否 105(61.4) 61(66.3) 44(55.7)
    吸烟史 0.058 0.972
     仍在吸烟 36(21.1) 20(21.7) 16(20.3)
     现已戒烟 17(9.9) 9(9.8) 8(10.1)
     无吸烟史 118(69.0) 63(68.5) 55(69.6)
     饮酒史 1.183 0.553
     仍在饮酒 35(20.5) 21(22.8) 14(17.7)
     现已戒酒 18(10.5) 8(8.7) 10(12.7)
     无饮酒史 118(69.0) 63(68.5) 55(69.6)
      *P < 0.05;**P < 0.01;***P < 0.001。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  检验结果及相关指数比较 [MQ1,Q3)/($ \bar x \pm s $)]

    Table  2.   Comparison of test results and related indices [MQ1,Q3)/($ \bar x \pm s $)]

    项目总体情况(n = 171)NDPN组(n = 92)DPN组(n = 79)t/ZP
    SBP(mmHg)129.75 ± 19.72128.39 ± 18.62131.33 ± 20.95−0.9710.333
    DBP(mmHg)81.02 ± 11.5481.65 ± 11.0380.28 ± 12.140.7750.439
    BMI(kg/m223.73(22.22,26.45)23.45(21.87,26.88)24.09(22.43,25.80)−0.0120.990
    FPG(mmol/L)8.94(6.96,12.75)8.88(7.07,12.60)8.97(6.91,13.56)−0.1020.919
    HbA1C(%)9.10(7.90,10.70)9.05(8.00,10.68)9.10(7.70,10.80)−0.0060.995
    FCP(mmol/L)1.22(0.79,2.18)1.31(0.75,2.17)1.14(0.80,2.22)−0.1270.899
    FIns(pmol/L)59.60(31.09,104.46)66.14(33.22,105.54)51.14(29.49,102.57)−0.9020.367
    TP(g/L)71.57 ± 7.1272.46 ± 6.9070.52 ± 7.281.0130.075
    ALB(g/L)43.41 ± 4.6144.43 ± 4.1142.21 ± 4.902.9250.002**
    GLOB(g/L)27.90(25.20,30.90)27.80(25.43,30.20)28.20(25.00,31.30)−0.5330.594
    AST(U/L)20.80(16.60,27.20)21.80(17.40,28.40)20.20(15.80,26.98)−1.6390.101
    ALT(U/L)24.30(16.30,35.90)25.10(16.25,39.40)22.50(15.53,32.73)−1.1460.252
    UA(μmol/L)303.00(240.00,375.00)297.50(239.25,381.50)306.00(240.00,375.00)−2.0000.842
    CREA(μmol/L)63.00(52.00,77.00)61.00(50.00,74.00)66.00(54.00,81.00)−2.1210.034*
    TC(mmol/L)5.03(4.20,5.96)5.07(4.25,5.97)4.89(4.15,5.96)−0.4310.667
    TG(mmol/L)1.84 (1.24,2.70)1.90(1.16,2.65)1.82(1.29,3.21)−0.6890.491
    HDL-C(mmol/L)1.21(1.04,1.44)1.22(1.05,1.47)1.21(1.01,1.44)−0.2080.836
    LDL-C(mmol/L)3.05(2.38,3.58)3.12(2.51,3.58)2.98(2.33,3.65)−0.3900.696
    NEU(%)61.20(54.90,68.90)59.73(54.25,67.88)63.10(56.90,70.62)−2.2060.027*
    LYM(%)28.16 ± 8.4229.73 ± 7.6726.34 ± 8.922.6730.008**
    NEU#3.80(2.80,5.10)3.60(2.77,5.18)3.96(3.20,5.10)−1.2580.208
    LYM#1.70(1.30,2.10)1.80(1.40,2.23)1.60(1.20,2.00)−2.3770.017*
    PLT185.00(156.00,220.00)192.50(157.75,230.00)182.00(155.00,218.00)−1.0880.277
    METS-IR38.48(34.13,44.90)38.42(34.04,45.57)38.52(34.37,44.25)−0.0680.789
    HOMA-β27.47(12.34,62.24)30.46(12.27,65.13)26.14(15.29,60.99)−0.5420.588
    HOMA-IR3.40(2.01,6.11)3.49(2.47,6.73)3.37(1.87,5.88)−0.7870.431
    SII414.13(276.57,625.84)384.50(260.03,580.80)425.33(297.00,665.90)−1.5680.117
    SIRI0.87(0.58,1.32)0.76(0.55,1.27)0.98(0.65,1.49)−1.9360.053
    NPAR1.40(1.25,1.57)1.33(1.22,1.50)1.48(1.29,1.73)−3.399<0.001***
    NLR2.18(1.62,2.91)1.94(1.53,2.76)2.37(1.82,3.34)−2.5420.011*
    MoCA22.00(16.00,25.00)24.00(21.00,27.00)18.00(14.00,23.00)−5.589<0.001***
    MMSE25.00(21.00,28.00)27.00(24.00,29.00)22.00(18.00,26.00)−5.542<0.001***
      注:SBP为收缩压;DBP为舒张压;BMI为体质量指数;FPG为空腹血糖;HbA1C为糖化血红蛋白;FCP为空腹C肽;FIns为空腹胰岛素;TP为总蛋白;ALB为白蛋白;GLOB为球蛋白;AST为谷草转氨酶;ALT为谷丙转氨酶;UA为血尿酸;CREA为血肌酐;TC为总胆固醇;TG为甘油三酯;HDL-C为高密度脂蛋白;LDL-C为低密度脂蛋白;NEU%为中性粒细胞百分比;LYM%为淋巴细胞百分比;METS-IR为胰岛素抵抗代谢评分;HOMA-β为稳态模型评估的胰岛β细胞功能指数;HOMA-IR为稳态模型评估的胰岛素抵抗指数;SII为系统性免疫炎症指数;SIRI为系统性炎症反应指数;NPAR为中性粒细胞与白蛋白比值;NLR为中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值;MoCA为蒙特利尔认知评估量表;MMSE为简易智力状态检查;*P < 0.05;**P < 0.01;***P < 0.001。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  MoCA及相关因素与DPN的相关性回归分析

    Table  3.   Regression analysis of the association between MoCA and related factors and DPN

    指标 单因素回归分析 多因素回归分析 共线性统计
    OR 95%CII P OR 95%CI P 容差 VIF
    MoCA 0.857 0.807~0.910 <0.001*** 0.935 0.865~1.009 0.034* 0.540 1.852
    年龄 1.066 1.034~1.099 <0.001*** 1.037 0.995~1.080 0.035* 0.646 1.548
    学历 0.797 1.254
    小学及以下 0.001** 0.282
     初中 0.280 0.129~0.611 0.001** 0.407 0.150~1.108 0.078
     高中 0.199 0.068~0.582 0.003** 0.336 0.079~1.430 0.140
     大学及以上 0 0 0.999 0 0 0.999
    职业 0.875 1.143
     工人 0.031* 0.384
     农民 0.997 0.316~3.145 0.996 0.304 0.072~1.285 0.105
     专业技术人员 0.214 0.032~1.425 0.111 0.246 0.026~2.298 0.219
     退休 0.107 0.010~1.121 0.062 0.071 0.006~0.903 0.042*
     自由职业 0.214 0.040~1.139 0.071 0.298 0.045~1.956 0.207
     无业 0.571 0.070~4.644 0.601 0.227 0.019~2.749 0.244
    NPAR 7.332 2.251~23.879 <0.001*** 2.994 0.564~15.898 0.079 0.638 1.569
    白蛋白 0.895 0.834~0.961 0.002** 0.978 0.889~1.076 0.646 0.650 1.539
      注:MoCA为蒙特利尔认知评估量表;NPAR为中性粒细胞与白蛋白比值。其中多因素回归模型所有变量的VIF均<5且容差>0.1,表明不存在多重共线性;*P < 0.05;**P < 0.01;***P < 0.001。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  MMSE及相关因素与DPN的相关性回归分析

    Table  4.   Regression analysis of the association between MMSE and related factors and DPN

    指标 单因素回归分析 多因素回归分析 共线性统计
    OR 95%CI P OR 95%CI P 容差 VIF
    MMSE 0.824 0.761~0.892 <0.001*** 0.918 0.831~1.014 0.037* 0.599 1.670
    年龄 1.066 1.034~1.099 <0.001*** 1.038 0.996~1.081 0.030* 0.676 1.480
    学历 0.787 1.271
    小学及以下 0.001** 0.323
     初中 0.280 0.129~0.611 0.001** 0.427 0.156~1.174 0.099
     高中 0.199 0.068~0.582 0.003** 0.340 0.079~1.460 0.147
     大学及以上 0 0 0.999 0 0 0.999
    职业 0.885 1.131
     工人 0.031* 0.371
     农民 0.997 0.316~3.145 0.996 0.305 0.071~1.300 0.108
     专业技术人员 0.214 0.032~1.425 0.111 0.284 0.031~2.624 0.267
     退休 0.107 0.010~1.121 0.062 0.066 0.005~0.848 0.037*
     自由职业 0.214 0.040~1.139 0.071 0.289 0.044~1.896 0.196
     无业 0.571 0.070~4.644 0.601 0.214 0.018~2.611 0.227
    NPAR 7.332 2.251~23.879 <0.001*** 3.178 0.608~16.599 0.078 0.642 1.557
    白蛋白 0.895 0.834~0.961 0.002** 0.972 0.884~1.069 0.562 0.658 1.519
      注:MMSE为简易智力状态检查;NPAR为中性粒细胞与白蛋白比值。其中多因素回归模型所有变量的VIF均<5且容差>0.1,表明不存在多重共线性;*P < 0.05;**P < 0.01;***P < 0.001。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  NPAR、MoCA及MMSE对DPN判别效能

    Table  5.   Diagnostic performance of NPAR,MoCA,and MMSE for DPN

    项目AUC95%CIP最佳截断值敏感度特异度#P
    MoCA0.74770.67410.8213<0.001***19.50.5700.804Reference
    MMSE0.74540.67200.8188<0.001***24.50.6960.6850.911
    NPAR0.65090.56800.73380.001**1.410.6080.6520.048*
      注:MoCA为蒙特利尔认知评估量表;MMSE为简易智力状态检查;NPAR为中性粒细胞与白蛋白比值;AUC为曲线下面积;#P值为曲线下面积比较的DeLong检验结果;*P < 0.05;**P < 0.01;***P < 0.001。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  多因素联合的判别效能

    Table  6.   Discriminative performance of the multivariable combination

    项目AUC95%CIP#P
    基础模型0.78590.71800.8539<0.001***Reference
    基础模型联合MoCA0.81890.75630.8816<0.001***0.089
    基础模型联合MMSE0.81150.74700.8760<0.001***0.072
    基础模型联合NPAR0.80990.74600.8740<0.001***0.109
    MoCA联合NPAR及基础模型0.82540.76360.8872<0.001***0.041*
    MMSE联合NPAR及基础模型0.82350.76060.8863<0.001***0.032*
    MoCA、MMSE及NPAR联合基础模型0.82590.76390.8880<0.001***0.045*
      注:基础模型包括性别、年龄、学历、糖尿病病程、收缩压(SBP)、BMI、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)、HOMA-β、甘油三酯以及肌酐;MoCA为蒙特利尔认知评估量表;MMSE为简易智力状态检查;NPAR为中性粒细胞与白蛋白比值;AUC为曲线下面积;#P值为曲线下面积比较的DeLong检验结果;*P < 0.05;**P < 0.01;***P < 0.001。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7  认知量表及NPAR联合的判别效能比较

    Table  7.   Comparison of the discriminative performanec of cognitive scales and NPAR combination

    项目AUC95%CIP#P
    MoCA联合NPAR及基础模型0.82540.76360.8872<0.001***Reference
    MMSE联合NPAR及基础模型0.82350.76060.8863<0.001***0.840
    MoCA、MMSE、NPAR联合基础模型0.82590.76390.8880<0.001***0.843
      注:基础模型包括性别、年龄、学历、糖尿病病程、收缩压(SBP)、BMI、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)、HOMA-β、甘油三酯以及肌酐;MoCA为蒙特利尔认知评估量表;MMSE为简易智力状态检查;NPAR为中性粒细胞与白蛋白比值;AUC为曲线下面积;#P值为曲线下面积比较的DeLong检验结果;*P < 0.05;**P < 0.01;***P < 0.001。
    下载: 导出CSV
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