Exploratory Study on the Ultrasound Characteristics of the Vagus Nerve in a Healthy Han Population in a Hospital in Qujing, Yunnan
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摘要:
目的 探索云南曲靖地区某医院健康人群迷走神经的横截面积（CSA）的特点及与人口统计学特征的相关性。 方法 收集2022年9月至2023年3月云南曲靖地区某医院201例健康志愿者的迷走神经进行高分辨率神经超声检查。通过迷走神经横向扫描测量CSA，评估迷走神经 CSA与年龄、体重指数（BMI）、性别的相关性。 结果 双侧迷走神经的平均CSA分别为1.9 mm2（右）和1.3 mm2（左）。右侧的平均迷走神经 CSA明显大于左侧（P < 0.001）。高年龄组（ > 50岁）人群的右侧迷走神经平均CSA显著高于低年龄组（≤50岁）人群（P = 0.0142 ）。但BMI指数 > 24 kg/m2组人群与≤24 kg/m2组人群右侧迷走神经平均CSA无统计学差异（P =0.0852 ）。左侧迷走神经平均CSA在不同年龄组和不同BMI组差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05），但男性组双侧迷走神经平均CSA均大于女性组，差异有统计学差异（P < 0.05）。相关性分析进一步证实右侧迷走神经平均CSA与年龄存在负相关（r = -0.17， P =0.0139 ）。多元线性回归模型提示年龄（P = 0.007）和性别（P = 0.001）为右侧迷走神经平均CSA的独立影响因素。结论 云南曲靖地区健康人群迷走神经CSA右侧明显大于左侧，男性也明显大于女性。随年龄的增长，迷走神经逐渐变细。 Abstract:Objective To explore the characteristics of the cross-sectional area （CSA） of the vagus nerve in a healthy population in Qujing, Yunnan, and its correlation with demographic characteristics. Methods High-resolution nerve ultrasound examinations were conducted on the vagus nerve of 201 healthy volunteers from a hospital in Qujing, Yunnan from September 2022 to March 2023. The CSA was measured through transverse scans of the vagus nerve. The correlation of vagus nerve CSA with age, body mass index （BMI）, and gender was assessed. Results The mean CSA of the bilateral VN were 1.9 mm2 （right） and 1.3 mm2 （left）, respectively. The average CSA of the right vagus nerve was significantly greater than that of the left （P < 0.001）. In the high-age group （ > 50 years）, the average CSA of the right vagus nerve was significantly higher than that of the low-age group （≤50 years） （P = 0.0142 ）. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the average CSA of the right vagus nerve between the BMI > 24 kg/m2 group and the ≤24 kg/m2 group （P =0.0852 ）. The average CSA of the left vagus nerve showed no statistically significant differences across different age groups and BMI groups （P > 0.05）, but the average CSA of the bilateral vagus nerve in the male group was greater than that in the female group, with a statistically significant difference （P < 0.05）. Correlation analysis further confirmed a negative correlation between the average CSA of the right vagus nerve and age （r = -0.17, P =0.0139 ）. Multiple linear regression models indicated that age （P = 0.007） and gender （P = 0.001） were independent influencing factors for the average CSA of the right vagus nerve.Conclusion In the healthy population of Qujing, Yunnan, the CSA of the right vagus nerve is significantly greater than that of the left, and males also exhibit a significantly greater CSA than females. With increasing age, the vagus nerve gradually becomes thinner. -
Key words:
- Ultrasonography /
- Vagus nerve /
- CSA /
- Healthy population /
- Normal values
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图 1 不同亚组迷走神经CSA测量的超声横截面示例
A：同一健康受试者右侧迷走神经横截面图像；B：两个不同性别但年龄和BMI相同的受试者的迷走神经横截面图像（男性受试者）；C：两个不同年龄但性别和BMI相同的受试者迷走神经横截面图像（≤50岁组）；D：同一健康受试者左侧迷走神经横截面图像；E：两个不同性别但年龄和BMI相同的受试者的迷走神经横截面图像（女性受试者）；F：两个不同年龄但性别和BMI相同的受试者迷走神经横截面图像（> 50岁组）。
Figure 1. Ultrasound cross-sectional examples of vagal nerve CSA measurements in different subgroups.
图 2 各亚组健康受试者迷走神经CSA比较
A：左右两侧亚组比较；B：不同年龄亚组比较；C：不同性别亚组比较；D：不同BMI亚组比较；*P < 0.05；**P < 0.01；***P < 0.001。
Figure 2. The VN CSA in healthy individuals and subgroups including gender，age and BMI
图 3 人口统计学参数与右侧迷走神经CSA之间的相关性分析
A：年龄与右侧迷走神经CSA呈负相关；B：BMI指数与右侧迷走神经CSA无相关性；C：男性组年龄与右侧迷走神经CSA呈负相关；D：女性组年龄与右侧迷走神经CSA无相关性；*P < 0.05。
Figure 3. Correlations between demographic parameters and VN CSA on right side
表 1 201例健康受试者的人口统计学特征和迷走神经CSA[n（%）/M （Q1，Q3）/（$ \bar x \pm s $）]
Table 1. Demographic characteristics and vagus nerve CSA of 201 healthy subjects[n （%）/M （Q1，Q3）/（$ \bar x \pm s $）]
人口学特征及迷走神经CSA 健康人群 男性 99 （49.2） 年龄（岁） 47 （15，92） 身高（cm） 163 （156，170） 体重（kg） 60 （53，68） BMI指数（kg/m2） 22.6 （20.2，24.9） 右侧迷走神经CSA（mm2） 1.9 ± 0.6 左侧迷走神经CSA（mm2） 1.3 ± 0.5 
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表 2 左右侧迷走神经CSA亚组间比较（$ \bar x \pm s $）
Table 2. Comparison of CSA subgroups of the left and right vagus nerves （$ \bar x \pm s $）
项目 右侧迷走神经
CSA （mm2）左侧迷走神经
CSA （mm2）≤ 50岁组（n = 117） 2.0 ± 0.7 1.3 ± 0.4 > 50岁组（n = 84） 1.8 ± 0.5 1.3 ± 0.5 t 2.474 0.4027 P 0.0142 *0.6876 BMI ≤ 24 kg/m2组（n = 137） 1.9 ± 0.6 1.3 ± 0.4 BMI > 24 kg/m2组（n = 63） 2.0 ± 0.5 1.3 ± 0.5 t 1.730 0.5137 P 0.0852 0.6080 女性组（n = 102） 1.8 ± 0.6 1.2 ± 0.4 男性组（n = 99） 2.1 ± 0.6 1.4 ± 0.5 t 3.322 2.938 P 0.0011 *0.0037 **P < 0.05。
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表 3 右侧迷走神经CSA相关变量的多元线性回归模型
Table 3. Multiple linear regression model for variables associated with VN CSA on right side
变量 B 95%CI P 年龄 −0.192 （−0.012，−0.002） 0.007* 性别 0.228 （0.111，0.44） 0.001* BMI指数 0.049 （−0.018，0.037） 0.491 *P < 0.05。
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