Trajectories and Influencing Factors of Cancer-Related Anorexia in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients Under Local Hypothermia Care Combined with Nutritional Intervention for Radiation-Induced Oral Mucositis
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摘要:
目的 探讨鼻咽癌患者放射性口腔黏膜炎局部低温护理联合营养干预下癌性厌食轨迹及影响因素。 方法 选取2024年1月至2024年12月南方医科大学南方医院收治的120例鼻咽癌放射性口腔黏膜炎患者,均予局部低温护理联合营养干预。放疗第1周(T0)、3周(T1)、5周(T2)、7周(T3)及结束时(T4)采用癌症患者厌食-恶病质调查问卷(functional assessment of anorexia/cachexia therapy,FAACT)评估患者癌性厌食情况。将患者分为低癌性厌食组(n = 48)、中癌性厌食组(n = 42)和高癌性厌食组(n = 30)。口腔黏膜炎分级采用世界卫生组织(world health organization,WHO)放射性口腔黏膜炎分级标准进行分级。 结果 潜在类别增长模型显示三类模型拟合最佳。低癌性厌食组(25.00%)T0~T2得分≥24分;中癌性厌食组(35.00%)各时间点得分低于低分组、高于高分组(P < 0.05);高癌性厌食组(40.00%)T0~T4得分<24分,83.33%提及进食疼痛、66.67%厌恶油腻,低分组仅12.50%有轻微不适。单因素分析显示,年龄、放疗剂量、口腔黏膜炎分级、血清白蛋白、FAACT及患者主观整体营养状况评估量表(patient-generated subjective global assessment,PGS-GA)评分与厌食轨迹相关(P < 0.05),与性别等无关(P > 0.05);多元Logistic回归显示,上述6项为独立影响因素(P < 0.05)。 结论 癌性厌食存在低、中、高三类变化轨迹,年龄、放疗剂量、口腔黏膜炎分级、血清白蛋白水平、FAACT评分、PGS-GA评分是独立影响因素,可为临床制定护理方案提供参考。 Abstract:Objective To explore the trajectories of cancer-related anorexia and its influencing factors in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients receiving local hypothermia care combined with nutritional intervention for radiation-induced oral mucositis. Methods A total of 120 patients with radiation-induced oral mucositis from nasopharyngeal carcinoma admitted to Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University from January 2024 to December 2024 were enrolled and received local hypothermia care combined with nutritional intervention. Cancer-related anorexia was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia Therapy (FAACT) questionnaire at week 1 (T0), week 3 (T1), week 5 (T2), week 7 (T3), and upon completion of radiotherapy (T4). Patients were stratified into three groups: low cancer-related anorexia group (n = 48), moderate cancer-related anorexia group (n = 42), and high cancer-related anorexia group (n = 30). Oral mucositis grading was performed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) grading criteria for radiation-induced oral mucositis. Results The latent category growth model demonstrated that three models provided the best fit. In the low cancer-related anorexia group (25.00%), FAACT scores ≥24 were observed at T0~T2; in the moderate cancer-related anorexia group (35.00%), scores at all timepoints were lower than the low group but higher than the high group (P < 0.05); in the high cancer-related anorexia group (40.00%), scores remained <24 from T0-T4, with 83.33% reporting eating-related pain and 66.67% reporting aversion to fatty foods, compared to only 12.50% with mild discomfort in the low group. Univariate analysis revealed that age, radiotherapy dose, oral mucositis grading, serum albumin level, FAACT score, and the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PGS-GA) score were significantly correlated with anorexia trajectory (P < 0.05), whereas gender and other factors showed no significant correlation (P > 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified these six factors as independent influencing factors (P < 0.05). Conclusion Cancer-related anorexia presents three distinct trajectories: low, moderate, and high. Age, radiotherapy dose, oral mucositis grade, serum albumin level, FAACT score, and PG-SGA score are independent influencing factors that may provide insights for clinical nursing intervention planning. -
表 1 鼻咽癌患者放射性口腔黏膜炎局部低温护理联合营养干预模式下癌性厌食得分的模型拟合结果
Table 1. Model fitting results of cancer-related anorexia scores in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients recieving local hypothermia care combined with nutritional intervention for radiation-induced oral mucositis
类别 AIC BIC αBIC 熵 LRT(P) BLRT 类别概率 1 5432.65 5468.23 5440.12 − − − 1.000 2 5210.34 5256.78 5228.45 0.861 <0.001 <0.001 0.652/0.351 3 5102.45 5159.87 5131.23 0.922 <0.001 <0.001 0.401/0.354/0.251 4 5120.67 5189.12 5160.34 0.892 0.052 <0.001 0.301/0.282/0.224/0.203 表 2 鼻咽癌患者放射性口腔黏膜炎局部低温护理联合营养干预模式下癌性厌食变化轨迹的潜在类别特点及命名($ \bar x \pm s $)
Table 2. Latent category characteristics and nomenclature of cancer-related anorexia trajectory in nasopharyngeal carcinoma combined local hypothermia care and nutritional intervention for radiation-induced oral mucositis($ \bar x \pm s $)
类别 命名 初始得分(分) 斜率 截距 1 低癌性厌食组 19.23 ± 2.15 0.56 ± 0.12 14.67 ± 1.89 2 中癌性厌食组 28.67 ± 3.24 1.23 ± 0.21 24.45 ± 2.56 3 高癌性厌食组 34.89 ± 4.32 2.15 ± 0.34 33.74 ± 3.87 表 3 鼻咽癌患者放射性口腔黏膜炎局部低温护理联合营养干预模式下癌性厌食变化轨迹类别的单因素分析[n(%)]
Table 3. Univariate analysis of the trajectory categories of cancer-related anorexia changes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients under local hypothermia care combined with nutritional intervention for radiation-induced oral mucositis [n(%)]
单因素 低癌性厌食组
(n = 48)中癌性厌食组
(n = 42)高癌性厌食组
(n = 30)Z P 性别 男 30(62.50) 28(66.67) 22(73.33) 0.963 0.336 女 18(37.50) 14(33.33) 8(26.67) 年龄(岁) <45 35(72.92) 15(35.71) 7(23.33) 4.544 <0.001* ≥45 13(27.08) 27(64.29) 23(76.67) BMI(kg/m2) <18.5 5(10.42) 10(23.81) 16(53.34) 1.328 0.184 18.5~23.9 30(62.50) 22(52.38) 10(33.33) ≥24 13(27.08) 10(23.81) 4(13.33) 文化水平 初中及以下 23(47.92) 26(61.90) 14(46.67) 0.202 0.840 高中及以上 25(52.08) 16(38.10) 16(53.33) 放疗剂量(Gy) <65 35(72.92) 19(45.24) 7(23.33) 4.337 <0.001* ≥65 13(27.08) 23(54.76) 23(76.67) 口腔黏膜分级(级) 0~1 35(72.92) 20(47.62) 10(33.33) 3.542 <0.001* 2~4 13(27.08) 22(52.38) 20(66.67) 血清白蛋白(g/L) <35 36(75.00) 17(40.48) 6(20.00) 4.892 <0.001* ≥35 12(25.00) 25(59.52) 24(80.00) FAACT评分(分) <24 31(64.58) 35(83.33) 29(96.67) 3.477 <0.001* ≥24 17(35.42) 7(16.67) 1(3.33) PGS-GA评分(分) <9 38(79.17) 31(73.81) 14(46.67) 2.784 0.005* ≥9 10(20.83) 11(26.19) 16(53.33) *P < 0.05。 表 4 变量赋值表
Table 4. Variable assignment table
组别 赋值 年龄 <45岁=0,≥45岁=1 放疗剂量 <65Gy=0,≥65Gy=1 口腔黏膜分级 0~1级=0,2~4级=1 血清白蛋白 ≥35 g/L=0,<35 g/L=1 FAACT评分 <24分=0,≥24分=1 PGS-GA评分 <9分=0,≥9分=1 癌性厌食轨迹类别(因变量) 低癌性厌食组=0(参照),中癌性厌食组=1,高癌性厌食组=2 表 5 鼻咽癌患者放射性口腔黏膜炎局部低温护理联合营养干预模式下癌性厌食变化轨迹的多元Logistic回归分析
Table 5. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of the change trajectory of cancer-related anorexia in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma under the model of local hypothermia care combined with nutritional intervention for radiation-induced oral mucositis
组别 对比组别 β S.E. Waldχ2 OR P 95%CI 年龄 中癌性厌食组vs
低癌性厌食组0.782 0.315 6.125 0.002 2.185 1.632~2.738 高癌性厌食组vs
低癌性厌食组0.864 0.322 7.200 0.001 2.373 1.729~3.017 放疗剂量 中癌性厌食组vs
低癌性厌食组0.956 0.348 7.432 0.001 2.601 1.925~3.277 高癌性厌食组vs
低癌性厌食组1.021 0.355 8.272 0.001 2.776 2.066~3.486 口腔黏膜分级 中癌性厌食组vs
低癌性厌食组1.145 0.372 9.368 0.001 3.142 2.415~3.869 高癌性厌食组vs
低癌性厌食组1.232 0.384 10.293 0.001 3.428 2.660~4.196 血清白蛋白 中癌性厌食组vs
低癌性厌食组−1.083 0.352 9.315 0.001 0.339 0.428~1.052 高癌性厌食组vs
低癌性厌食组−1.152 0.361 10.183 0.001 0.316 0.406~1.038 FAACT评分 中癌性厌食组vs
低癌性厌食组−0.912 0.308 8.842 0.001 0.399 0.285~1.015 高癌性厌食组vs
低癌性厌食组−0.987 0.315 9.818 0.001 0.373 0.257~1.003 PGS-GA评分 中癌性厌食组vs
低癌性厌食组0.698 0.275 6.428 0.002 1.990 1.456~2.524 高癌性厌食组vs
低癌性厌食组0.764 0.282 7.340 0.001 2.147 1.583~2.711 -
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