Risk Factors for Catheter-related Fungal Infections in Burn Patients and Their Correlation with TLR4 and NF-κB
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摘要:
目的 探究烧伤患者导管相关性真菌血流感染的危险因素及其与Toll样受体4(toll-like receptor 4,TLR4),核因子κB(nuclear factor kappa-B,NF-κB)的相关性。 方法 回顾性分析2021年3月至2025年2月间空军军医大学第一附属医院烧伤与皮肤外科收治的110例接受导管置入的烧伤患者临床资料。根据是否发生导管相关性真菌血流感染分为感染组(n = 22)和未感染组(n = 88)。采用Pearson相关系数分析TLR4和NF-κB与烧伤患者导管相关性真菌感染的相关性,绘制ROC曲线取TLR4和NF-κB佳截断值,采用Logistic回归模型分析危险因素,并构建决策树模型。 结果 Pearson相关性分析显示,TLR4和NF-κB均与烧伤患者导管相关性真菌感染呈显著性正相关(r = 0.579,P < 0.001;r = 0.556,P < 0.001)。ROC分析显示,TLR4、NF-κB预测烧伤患者发生导管相关性真菌感染的最佳截断值分别为2.65、1.75。多因素Logistic回归显示,糖尿病、烧伤面积、置管时间、TLR4、NF-κB是烧伤患者导管相关性真菌感染的独立危险因素(P < 0.05)。决策树模型显示:TLR4是最重要的预测因子,模型的分类准确率为90.00%。 结论 糖尿病、烧伤面积、置管时间、TLR4、NF-κB是烧伤患者导管相关性真菌感染的独立危险因素,对于具有以上危险因素的高风险烧伤患者应格外关注。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the risk factors for catheter-related fungal bloodstream infections in burn patients and their correlation with toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 110 burn patients who underwent catheter placement admitted to the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from March 2021 to February 2025. Patients were divided into infection group (n = 22) and non-infection group (n = 88) based on whether catheter-related fungal bloodstream infection occurred. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was used to analyze the correlation between TLR4 and NF-κB and catheter-related fungal infection in burn patients. ROC curve were constructed to determine optimal cutoff values for TLR4 and NF-κB. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors and a decision tree model was established. Results Pearson correlation analysis showed that both TLR4 and NF-κB were positively correlated with catheter-related fungal infection in burn patients (r = 0.579, P < 0.001; r = 0.556, P < 0.001). ROC analysis showed that the optimal cut-off values of TLR4 and NF-κB for predicting catheter-related fungal infection in burn patients were 2.65 and 1.75, respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes mellitus, burn area, catheterization duration, TLR4 and NF-κB were independent risk factors for catheter-related fungal infection in burn patients (P < 0.05). Decision tree modeling revealed that TLR4 was the most important predictor, with a classification accuracy rate of 90.00%. Conclusion Diabetes, burn area, catheterization duration, TLR4, and NF-κB are independent risk factors for catheter-related fungal infections in burn patients. Special attention should be given to high-risk burn patients with these factors. -
Key words:
- Burns /
- Catheter-related fungal infection /
- Prevention /
- Risk factors /
- Toll-like receptor 4 /
- Nuclear factor-kappa B
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表 1 TLR4、NF-κB预测烧伤患者导管相关性真菌感染效能
Table 1. Efficacy of TLR4 and NF-κB in predicting catheter-related fungal infection in burn patients
因素 AUC P 95%CI 最佳截断值 灵敏度 特异度 TLR4 0.862 0.048* 0.768~0.956 2.650 0.682 0.909 NF-κB 0.851 0.046* 0.760~0.941 1.750 0.864 0.739 *P < 0.05。 表 2 烧伤患者导管相关性真菌感染的单因素分析[($\bar x \pm s $)/M(P25,P75)/n(%)]
Table 2. Univariate factor analysis of catheter-related fungal infection in burn patients [($\bar x \pm s $)/M(P25,P75)/n(%)]
项目 感染组(n = 22) 未感染组(n = 88) χ2 P 性别 0.156 0.693 男 13(59.09) 56(63.64) 女 9(40.91) 32(36.36) 年龄(岁) 3.128 0.077 ≥60 10(45.45) 23(26.14) <60 12(54.55) 65(73.86) 高血压 2.724 0.099 是 10(45.45) 24(27.27) 否 12(54.55) 64(72.73) 糖尿病 9.429 0.002* 是 13(59.09) 22(25.00) 否 9(40.91) 66(75.00) 贫血 1.069 0.301 是 4(18.18) 9(10.23) 否 18(81.82) 79(89.77) 烧伤面积(%) 6.950 0.008* ≥30 14(63.64) 29(32.95) <30 8(36.36) 59(67.05) 住院时间(d) 0.293 0.589 ≥14 4(18.18) 12(13.64) <14 18(81.82) 76(86.36) 置管时间(d) 12.650 <0.001* ≥7 17(77.27) 31(35.23) <7 5(22.73) 57(64.77) 置管静脉 0.948 0.814 股静脉 3(13.64) 15(17.05) 锁骨下静脉 12(54.55) 39(44.32) 贵要静脉 2(9.09) 13(14.77) 颈内静脉 5(22.73) 21(23.86) TLR4表达水平 37.161 <0.001* ≥2.65 15(68.18) 8(9.09) <2.65 7(31.82) 80(90.91) NF-κB表达水平 27.047 <0.001* ≥1.75 19(86.36) 23(26.14) <1.75 3(13.64) 65(73.86) *P < 0.05。 表 3 自变量赋值说明
Table 3. Assignment of independent variables
自变量 变量说明 赋值 糖尿病 分类变量 否=0,是=1 烧伤面积 分类变量 <30%=0,≥30%=1 置管时间 分类变量 <14d=0,≥14d=1 TLR4 分类变量 <2.65=0,≥2.65=1 NF-κB 分类变量 <1.75=0,≥1.75=1 表 4 烧伤患者导管相关性真菌感染因素共线性检验
Table 4. Colinearity test of catheter-related fungal infection factors in burn patients
变量 标注化系数Beta t P 容差 VIF 常量 / −2.827 0.006* / / 糖尿病 0.170 2.451 0.016* 0.908 1.102 烧伤面积 0.112 1.643 0.103 0.948 1.054 置管时间 0.175 2.522 0.013* 0.908 1.102 TLR4 0.446 6.359 0.000* 0.887 1.127 NF-κB 0.289 4.032 0.000* 0.849 1.178 *P < 0.05。 表 5 烧伤患者导管相关性真菌感染的多因素分析
Table 5. Multivariate analysis of catheter-related fungal infection in burn patients
自变量 B SE Wald P OR 95%CI 糖尿病 2.332 0.990 5.549 0.018* 10.298 1.479~71.679 烧伤面积 1.907 0.949 4.034 0.045* 6.730 1.047~43.258 置管时间 2.207 0.922 5.725 0.017* 9.090 1.491~55.433 TLR4 4.541 1.253 13.126 <0.001* 93.771 8.039~ 1093.718 NF-κB 3.920 1.295 9.159 0.002* 50.409 3.981~ 638.3797 常量 −8.783 2.138 16.870 <0.001* 0.000 / *P < 0.05。 -
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