Changes in Ang-2 Levels Before and after Microwave Ablation Treatment in High-Risk Pulmonary Nodule Patients and Its Impact on Postoperative Recurrence
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摘要:
目的 分析高危肺结节微波消融(microwave ablation,MWA)术前后血管生成素-2(angiopoietin-2,Ang-2)水平变化及其对术后复发的影响。 方法 纳入2019年12月至2021年12月贵州航天医院94例高危肺结节患者,分为复发组(n = 30)和未复发组(n = 64)。比较两组患者临床资料。通过Pearman相关性分析治疗前Ang-2水平与CT参数的关联。通过Logistic回归模型、限制性立方样条及阈值效应、受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析治疗前Ang-2水平与术后复发的关系。采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析不同水平Ang-2患者总生存期差异。利用COX回归模型分析影响患者生存期的因素。 结果 与同组治疗前相比两组Ang-2水平均明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。Pearman相关性分析显示,治疗前Ang-2与BF、BV、PS、MTT均呈正相关。Ang-2水平与术后复发存在独立相关性。ROC结果显示,治疗前Ang-2对术后复发具有一定的预测价值(曲线下面积为0.789)。限制性立方样条分析显示,治疗前Ang-2与术后复发呈非线性剂量-反应关系(P < 0.05)。阈值效应分析显示,Ang-2影响复发的拐点为 1905.41 pg/mL。生存分析显示,Ang-2<1905.41 pg/mL组患者中位总生存期长于Ang-2≥1905.41 pg/mL组(P = 0.039)。且Ang-2≥1905.41 pg/mL是影响患者生存期的独立因素。结论 高危肺结节患者微波消融术治疗后Ang-2水平明显降低,治疗前Ang-2对术后复发具有一定预测价值。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the changes in angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) levels before and after microwave ablation (MWA) in patients with high-risk pulmonary nodule and its impact on postoperative recurrence. Method A total of 94 patients with high-risk pulmonary nodules admitted to Guizhou Aerospace Hospital from December 2019 to December 2021 were included and categorized into a recurrence group (n = 30) and a non-recurrence group (n = 64). Clinical data were compared between the two groups. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between pre-treatment angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) levels and CT parameters. Logistic regression model, restricted cubic splines, threshold effect analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to analyze the relationship between pre-treatment Ang-2 levels and postoperative recurrence. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to analyze the differences in overall survival among patients with different Ang-2 levels. Cox regression model was used to analyze the factors affecting patients' survival. Result Compared to pre-treatment levels within the same group, Ang-2 levels in both groups decreased significantly, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that pre-treatment Ang-2 levels were positively correlated with BF, BV, PS, and MTT. Ang-2 level was independently associated with postoperative recurrence. Results of ROC analysis indicated that pre-treatment Ang-2 had certain predictive value for postoperative recurrence (area under the curve=0.789). Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a nonlinear dose-response relationship between pre-treatment Ang-2 and postoperative recurrence (P < 0.05). Threshold effect analysis identified that the inflection point of Ang-2 affecting recurrence as 1905.41 pg/mL. Survival analysis demonstrated that the median overall survival of patients in the Ang-2<1905.41 pg/mL group was longer than that in the Ang-2≥1905.41 pg/mL group (P = 0.039). Furthermore, Ang-2≥1905.41 pg/mL was an independent factor affecting patients' survival time.Conclusion The levels of Ang-2 decreased significantly in patients with high-risk pulmonary nodules after MWA, and pre-treatment Ang-2 level has certain predictive value for postoperative recurrence. -
表 1 两组患者一般资料对比[n(%)]
Table 1. Comparison of general data between the two groups [n(%)]
指标 复发组(n=30) 未复发组(n=64) χ2 P 年龄(岁) 2.396 0.122 <60 9(30.00) 30(46.88) ≥60 21(70.00) 34(53.12) 性别 1.691 0.193 男 14(46.67) 39(60.94) 女 16(53.33) 25(39.06) 吸烟 4.896 0.027* 是 20(66.67) 27(42.19) 否 10(33.33) 37(57.81) 饮酒 1.358 0.244 是 11(36.67) 16(25.00) 否 19(63.33) 48(75.00) 进行体育锻炼 5.591 0.018* 是 3(10.00) 21(32.81) 否 27(90.00) 43(67.19) 合并COPD 4.818 0.028* 是 8(26.67) 6(9.38) 否 22(73.33) 58(90.62) 合并肺纤维化 - 0.059 是 3(10.00) 1(1.56) 否 27(90.00) 63(98.44) 肺结核史 - 0.018* 是 4(13.33) 1(1.56) 否 26(86.67) 63(98.44) 高血压 3.650 0.056 是 15(50.00) 19(29.69) 否 15(50.00) 45(70.31) 糖尿病 1.490 0.222 是 9(30.00) 12(18.75) 否 21(70.00) 52(81.25) 结节位置 2.118 0.146 左肺 17(56.67) 26(40.62) 右肺 13(43.33) 38(59.38) 结节直径(mm) 1.608 0.205 ≤10 22(73.33) 54(84.38) >10 8(26.67) 10(15.62) 结节密度 1.408 0.235 实性结节 24(80.00) 57(89.06) 亚实性结节 6(20.00) 7(10.94) 分叶征 - 0.957 是 1(3.33) 2(3.13) 否 29(96.67) 62(96.87) 毛刺征 - 0.428 是 2(6.67) 2(3.13) 否 28(93.33) 62(96.87) 空泡征 - 0.491 是 0(0.00) 1(1.56) 否 30(100.00) 63(98.44) 胸膜凹陷征 - 0.166 是 3(10.00) 2(3.13) 否 27(90.00) 62(96.87) “-”为Fisher精确概率;*P < 0.05。 表 2 两组患者的CT参数对比($\bar x \pm s $)
Table 2. Comparison of CT parameters between the two groups ($\bar x \pm s $)
CT参数 复发组(n=30) 未复发组(n=64) t P BF(mL/min/100 g) 81.14 ± 21.92 53.43 ± 15.36 7.078 <0.001* BV(mL/100 g) 9.94 ± 3.69 5.21 ± 1.75 8.457 <0.001* PS(mL/min/100 g) 36.41 ± 15.15 22.49 ± 12.83 4.624 <0.001* MTT(s) 20.93 ± 7.73 11.05 ± 2.36 9.328 <0.001* *P < 0.05。 表 3 两组患者治疗前后的血液指标对比(pg/mL,$\bar x \pm s $)
Table 3. Comparison of blood indices in the two groups before and after treatment (pg/mL,$\bar x \pm s $)
血液指标 复发组(n=30) 未复发组(n=64) t P Ang-2 治疗前 1936.50 ± 347.151474.31 ± 335.926.153 <0.001* 治疗后 894.73 ± 201.36a 566.29 ± 161.17a 8.490 <0.001* VEGF 治疗前 672.67 ± 32.41 570.36 ± 31.86 14.434 <0.001* 治疗后 451.49 ± 40.96a 343.81 ± 35.74a 12.990 <0.001* 与同组治疗前相比,aP < 0.05;*P < 0.05。 表 4 治疗前Ang-2与CT参数的相关性
Table 4. Correlation between pre-treatment Ang-2 levels and CT parameters
变量 r P BF 0.812 0.001* BV 0.539 0.036* PS 0.657 0.017* MTT 0.648 0.020* *P < 0.05。 表 5 治疗前Ang-2水平与术后复发的独立相关性
Table 5. Independent correlation between pre-treatment Ang-2 level and postoperative recurrence
变量 模型1 模型2 模型3 Ang-2 1.136(0.789~1.529) 1.271(0.895~1.573) 1.302(1.014~1.628) Ang-2二分类 低Ang-2(≤ 1715.26 pg/mL)1 1 1 高Ang-2(> 1715.26 pg/mL)1.370(0.961~2.545) 1.395(1.054~1.986) 1.584(1.248~1.883) Ang-2五分位数组 Q1(≤ 1402.31 pg/mL)1 1 1 Q2( 1402.32 ~1589.77 pg/mL)1.329(0.876~2.005) 1.368(1.102~3.210) 1.405(1.069~2.458) Q3( 1589.78 ~1702.39 pg/mL)1.425(1.160~2.334) 1.488(1.182~2.539) 1.582(1.255~3.291) Q4( 1702.40 ~1958.54 pg/mL)1.536(1.285~3.002) 1.601(1.257~3.206) 1.628(1.134~2.259) Q5(≥ 1958.55 pg/mL)1.596(1.274~2.059) 1.638(1.280~2.604) 1.695(1.125~2.541) P趋势 0.002* 0.011* <0.001* 模型1:未校正混杂因素;模型2:吸烟、进行体育锻炼、合并COPD;模型3:在模型2的基础上调整BF、BV、PS;*P < 0.05。 表 6 治疗前Ang-2水平与术后复发的亚组分析
Table 6. Subgroup analysis of the relationship between pre-treatment Ang-2 levels and postoperative recurrence
亚组 Ang-2五分位数组 P趋势 P交互 Q1(n=12) Q2(n=21) Q3(n=31) Q4(n=17) Q5(n=13) 吸烟 0.109 是 1 0.506(0.401~0.612) 0.524(0.411~0.637) 0.530(0.422~0.643) 0.553(0.439~0.630) 0.004* 否 1 0.410(0.302~0.516) 0.421(0.320~0.515) 0.436(0.319~0.528) 0.450(0.346~0.564) 0.026* 进行体育锻炼 0.174 是 1 0.506(0.433~0.621) 0.531(0.446~0.706) 0.625(0.512~0.734) 0.662(0.514~0.735) 0.003* 否 1 0.671(0.532~0.759) 0.698(0.576~0.805) 0.711(0.602~0.834) 0.733(0.635~0.826) 0.021* 合并COPD 0.126 是 1 0.611(0.518~0.712) 0.657(0.546~0.743) 0.702(0.622~0.862) 0.739(0.689~0.801) 0.001* 否 1 0.613(0.507~0.720) 0.628(0.509~0.713) 0.634(0.608~0.721) 0.656(0.562~0.762) 0.007* 肺结核史 0.089 是 1 0.514(0.401~0.618) 0.527(0.406~0.682) 0.529(0.461~0.645) 0.532(0.497~0.652) 0.006* 否 1 0.413(0.306~0.538) 0.425(0.314~0.521) 0.441(0.351~0.568) 0.459(0.396~0.517) 0.025* VEGF(pg/mL) 0.231 <534.58 1 0.714(0.614~0.822) 0.728(0.596~0.812) 0.740(0.664~0.847) 0.754(0.682~0.856) 0.023* ≥534.58 1 0.705(0.603~0.827) 0.724(0.616~0.838) 0.739(0.579~0.894) 0.752(0.649~0.840) 0.004* BF(mL/min/100 g) 0.154 <67.28 1 0.709(0.601~0.814) 0.720(0.613~0.838) 0.743(0.632~0.861) 0.767(0.645~0.856) 0.002* ≥67.28 1 0.701(0.605~0.810) 0.714(0.609~0.824) 0.737(0.642~0.825) 0.756(0.637~0.842) 0.012* BV(mL/100 g) 0.085 <7.57 1 0.497(0.394~0.605) 0.517(0.401~0.642) 0.529(0.416~0.638) 0.549(0.435~0.664) 0.014* ≥7.57 1 0.476(0.382~0.586) 0.518(0.407~0.620) 0.522(0.415~0.649) 0.531(0.438~0.657) 0.046* PS(mL/min/100 g) 0.066 <29.45 1 0.505(0.396~0.612) 0.528(0.431~0.609) 0.543(0.422~0.641) 0.564(0.463~0.621) 0.010* ≥29.45 1 0.517(0.404~0.611) 0.521(0.436~0.639) 0.527(0.419~0.642) 0.541(0.421~0.639) 0.034* MTT(s) 0.130 <15.99 1 0.521(0.407~0.625) 0.529(0.399~0.612) 0.534(0.447~0.643) 0.552(0.480~0.669) 0.008* ≥15.99 1 0.487(0.331~0.561) 0.504(0.415~0.653) 0.523(0.406~0.617) 0.537(0.450~0.629) 0.009* *P < 0.05。 表 7 治疗前Ang-2与术后复发的阈值效应分析
Table 7. Threshold effect analysis of pre-treatment Ang - 2 and postoperative recurrence
模型 OR(95%CI) P 模型1 标准线性效应 1.005(1.004~1.007) <0.001* 模型2 Ang-2的拐点 1905.41 pg/mLAng-2< 1905.41 pg/mL0.986(0.979~0.998) <0.001* Ang-2≥ 1905.41 pg/mL1.009(1.007~1.010) <0.001* 效应差 1.012(1.010~1.015) <0.001* 对数似然比检验 - <0.001* *P < 0.05。 表 8 患者生存期的影响因素分析结果
Table 8. Analysis of factors influencing patients' survival time
变量 单变量分析 多变量分析 HR 95%CI P HR 95%CI P 年龄(<60岁或≥60岁) 1.255 0.507~1.726 0.382 吸烟(否或是) 1.156 0.618~1.543 0.421 进行体育锻炼(是或否) 1.034 0.645~1.634 0.808 合并COPD(否或是) 1.892 1.150~3.074 0.012* 2.064 1.451~2.833 0.001* 肺结核史(否或是) 1.631 1.053~2.394 0.031* 1.232 0.861~1.672 0.387 Ang-2(< 1905.41 pg/mL或≥1905.41 pg/mL)1.761 1.245~2.482 0.017* 1.915 1.144~2.965 0.009* *P < 0.05。 -
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