Effects of Ultrasound-guided Radiofrequency Ablation on Thyroid Function and Quality of Life in Patients with Benign Thyroid Nodules
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摘要:
目的 探讨超声引导下射频消融术(radiofrequency ablation,RFA)治疗对甲状腺良性结节(benign thyroid nodules,BTN)患者甲状腺功能及生活质量的影响。 方法 采用前瞻性随机对照研究设计,选取2023年1月至2025年1月收治的137例BTN患者,采用随机数字表法分为RFA组(n = 69)和手术组(n = 68)。RFA组行超声引导下RFA,手术组行传统甲状腺腺叶切除术。比较两组围术期指标、应激与炎症指标、结节效果、甲状腺功能、生活质量、美容满意度及并发症。 结果 RFA组手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间均少于手术组(均P < 0.05)。术后24 h及72 h,手术组血清皮质醇(cortisol,CORT)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)及C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)水平均高于RFA组(均P < 0.05)。术后12个月,手术组结节体积缩小率(volume reduction rate,VRR)高于RFA组(P < 0.05),但两组总缓解率差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。至术后12个月,手术组有11例(16.18%)发生临床甲减需替代治疗,而RFA组无1例发生(P < 0.05)。 RFA组术后12个月中文版甲状腺疾病患者生活质量量表(Thyroid-Related Patient-Reported Outcome,ThyPRO)评分低于手术组,美容满意度视觉模拟评分法(visual analog scale,VAS)评分高于手术组(P < 0.05)。RFA组总并发症发生率低于手术组(P < 0.05)。 结论 对于有治疗指征的BTN,相较于传统手术,超声引导下RFA在同等有效缩小结节的同时,能更优地保护甲状腺功能、改善患者生活质量及美容满意度,并可减轻机体应激与炎症反应,且安全性更高。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the effects of ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) on thyroid function and quality of life in patients with benign thyroid nodules (BTN). Methods A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted. A total of 137 BTN patients admitted between January 2023 and January 2025 were selected and randomly divided into an RFA group (n = 69) and a surgery group (n = 68) using a random number table. The RFA group underwent ultrasound-guided RFA, while the surgery group underwent conventional thyroid lobectomy. Perioperative parameters, stress and inflammatory markers, nodule outcomes, thyroid function, quality of life, cosmetic satisfaction and complications were compared between the two groups. Results The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative hospital stay in the RFA group were all shorter/less than those in the surgery group (all P<0.05). At 24 h and 72 h postoperatively, serum levels of cortisol (CORT), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in the surgery group were higher than those in the RFA group (all P < 0.05). At 12 months postoperatively, the volume reduction rate (VRR) of nodules in the surgery group was higher than that in the RFA group (P < 0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in the overall response rate between the two groups (P > 0.05). By 12 months postoperatively, 11 patients (16.18%) in the surgery group developed clinical hypothyroidism requiring replacement therapy, while none occurred in the RFA group (P < 0.05). At 12 months postoperatively, the Chinese version of the Thyroid-Related Patient-Reported Outcome (ThyPRO) score in the RFA group was lower than that in the surgery group, while the visual analog scale (VAS) score for cosmetic satisfaction was higher than that in the surgery group (P < 0.05). The overall complication rate in the RFA group was lower than that in the surgery group (P < 0.05). Conclusion For BTN with treatment indications, compared with conventional surgery, ultrasound-guided RFA achieves equally effective nodule reduction while better preserving thyroid function, improving patients' quality of life and cosmetic satisfaction, alleviating the body's stress and inflammatory responses, and offering higher safety. -
Key words:
- Thyroid nodule /
- Radiofrequency ablation /
- Quality of Life /
- Thyroid function /
- Stress response
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表 1 两组围术期指标比较($\bar x \pm s $)
Table 1. Comparison of perioperative indicators between the two groups($ \bar x \pm s $)
组别 手术时间
(min)术中出血量
(mL)术后住院时间
(d)RFA组
(n = 69)28.34 ± 4.75 2.34 ± 0.35 1.05 ± 0.22 手术组
(n = 68)92.47 ± 15.16 15.24 ± 3.26 4.26 ± 0.87 t 33.511 32.681 29.702 P <0.001*** <0.001*** <0.001*** 与手术组比较,***P < 0.001。 表 2 两组应激与炎症指标比较($ \bar x \pm s$)
Table 2. Comparison of stress and inflammatory indicators between the two groups($\bar x \pm s$)
组别 CORT(nmol/L) IL-6(pg/mL) CRP(mg/L) 术前 术后24 h 术后72 h 术前 术后24 h 术后72 h 术前 术后24 h 术后72 h RFA组(n = 69) 482.36 ± 55.47 505.36 ± 70.15 490.45 ± 58.24 5.42 ± 0.87 22.76 ± 3.45*** 12.35 ± 1.16***△△△ 3.25 ± 0.54 12.42 ± 1.66*** 7.33 ± 1.17***△△△ 手术组(n = 68) 495.15 ± 58.93 752.74 ± 84.36*** 621.63 ± 65.42***△△△ 5.28 ± 0.92 65.41 ± 6.33*** 34.15 ± 3.24***△△△ 3.18 ± 0.67 38.37 ± 5.88*** 19.46 ± 2.92***△△△ t 1.308 18.673 12.401 0.915 49.062 52.578 0.674 35.263 32.000 P 0.193 <0.001### <0.001### 0.362 <0.001### <0.001### 0.502 <0.001### <0.001### 与术前比较,***P < 0.001;与术后24 h比较,△△△P < 0.001;与手术组同期比较,###P < 0.001。 表 3 两组结节效果比较
Table 3. Comparison of nodule outcomes and VRR between the two groups
组别 疗效分级[n(%)] 结节VRR(%,$ \bar x \pm s $) 完全缓解 部分缓解 无缓解 总缓解率 RFA组(n = 69) 33(47.83) 33(47.83) 3(4.35) 66(95.65) 85.42 ± 12.37 手术组(n = 68) 68(100.00) 0 0 68(100.00) 98.50 ± 2.50 χ2/t - 8.549 P 0.245 <0.001*** “-”为Fisher确切概率法,与手术组同期比较,***P < 0.001 表 4 两组甲状腺功能比较($\bar x \pm s$)
Table 4. Comparison of TSH and FT4 levels between the two groups($ \bar x \pm s $ )
组别 TSH(mIU/L) F P FT4(pmol/L) F P 术前 术后1个月 术后6个月 术后12个月 术前 术后1个月 术后6个月 术后12个月 RFA组
(n = 69)1.89 ± 0.41 2.10 ± 0.42 1.88 ± 0.35 1.82 ± 0.39 1.586 0.193 15.32 ± 3.14 14.95 ± 2.88 15.20 ± 3.01 15.44 ± 2.97 0.336 0.800 手术组
(n = 68)1.94 ± 0.38 4.56 ± 0.93*** 4.02 ± 0.85***△△△ 3.98 ± 0.90***△△△ 42.187 <0.001@@@ 15.08 ± 3.33 12.34 ± 2.65*** 13.20 ± 2.70***△△△ 13.18 ± 2.65***△△△ 24.563 <0.001@@@ t 0.740 20.001 18.452 17.893 0.434 5.518 3.892 3.754 P 0.461 <0.001### <0.001### <0.001### 0.665 <0.001### <0.001### <0.001### 与术前比较,***P < 0.001;与术后1个月比较,△△△P < 0.001;与手术组同期比较,###P < 0.001;多时间点数据比较,@@@P < 0.001。 表 5 两组生活质量与美容满意度比较($ \bar x \pm s $,分)
Table 5. Comparison of ThyPRO and cosmetic VAS scores between the two groups ($ \bar x \pm s $,Score)
组别 ThyPRO评分 t P 美容满意度VAS评分 t P 术前 术后12个月 术前 术后12个月 RFA组(n = 69) 61.25 ± 8.34 14.07 ± 2.58 44.892 <0.001*** 3.25 ± 0.50 9.15 ± 1.12 39.957 <0.001*** 手术组(n = 68) 62.03 ± 7.95 25.45 ± 3.71 34.383 <0.001*** 3.18 ± 0.55 6.02 ± 0.81 23.920 <0.001*** t 0.560 20.869 0.780 18.720 P 0.576 <0.001△△△ 0.437 <0.001△△△ 注:与术前比较,***P < 0.001;与手术组同期比较,△△△P < 0.001。 表 6 两组并发症比较[n(%)]
Table 6. Comparison of complications between the two groups[n(%)]
组别 疼痛 症状性血肿/出血 暂时性声音嘶哑 暂时性低钙血症 皮肤灼伤 合计 RFA组(n = 69) 2(2.90) 1(1.45) 2(2.90) 0 1(1.45) 6(8.70) 手术组(n = 68) 6(8.82) 2(2.94) 3(4.41) 4(5.88) 0 15(22.06) χ2 4.712 P 0.030* *P < 0.05。 -
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